The caudal forelimb area(CFA)of the mouse cortex is essential in many forelimb movements,and diverse types of GABAergic interneuron in the CFA are distinct in the mediation of cortical inhibition in motor information ...The caudal forelimb area(CFA)of the mouse cortex is essential in many forelimb movements,and diverse types of GABAergic interneuron in the CFA are distinct in the mediation of cortical inhibition in motor information processing.However,their long-range inputs remain unclear.In the present study,we combined the monosynaptic rabies virus system with Cre driver mouse lines to generate a whole-brain map of the inputs to three major inhibitory interneuron types in the CFA.We discovered that each type was innervated by the same upstream areas,but there were quantitative differences in the inputs from the cortex,thalamus,and pallidum.Comparing the locations of the interneurons in two subregions of the CFA,we discovered that their long-range inputs were remarkably different in distribution and proportion.This whole-brain mapping indicates the existence of parallel pathway organization in the forelimb subnetwork and provides insight into the inhibitory processes in forelimb movement to reveal the structural architecture underlying the functions of the CFA.展开更多
由于传统的互补金属-氧化物-半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor,CMOS)神经元电路与生物学的契合性较差且电路复杂,提出了一种基于忆阻器的多端口输入的泄露-整合-激发(Leaky-Integrate-Fire,LIF)神经元电路。该电路由运...由于传统的互补金属-氧化物-半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor,CMOS)神经元电路与生物学的契合性较差且电路复杂,提出了一种基于忆阻器的多端口输入的泄露-整合-激发(Leaky-Integrate-Fire,LIF)神经元电路。该电路由运放、逻辑门等器件以及忆阻器构成,主要分为信号叠加模块和神经元信号产生模块。通过施加多个双尖峰脉冲信号并调节输入信号的数量和频率,模拟了生物神经元受到的不同程度刺激。研究发现施加到神经元上信号的数量和频率达到一定的值,神经元电路才会输出电压信号,这与生物体中只有受到一定程度的刺激时才会做出反应的现象是一致的。进一步,调节该电路中神经元信号产生模块的阈值电压大小,研究发现输入相同的信号,只有当电路的阈值电压较低时,神经元电路才能输出电压信号,这与生物中不同部位受到相同的刺激,神经元兴奋程度越高,越容易做出反应的现象一致。由此,该文所提出的LIF神经元电路不仅解决了传统电路输入信号单一、输入信号波形与生物信号波形差异大等问题,而且能模拟生物神经元的兴奋程度,这为人工神经网络的设计提供理论依据。展开更多
The zona incerta(ZI)is involved in various functions and may serve as an integrative node of the circuits for global behavioral modulation.However,the long-range connectivity of different sectors in the mouse ZI has n...The zona incerta(ZI)is involved in various functions and may serve as an integrative node of the circuits for global behavioral modulation.However,the long-range connectivity of different sectors in the mouse ZI has not been comprehensively mapped.Here,we obtained whole-brain images of the input and output connections via fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography and viral tracing.The principal regions in the input-output circuits of ZI GABAergic neurons were topologically organized.The 3D distribution of cortical inputs showed rostro-caudal correspondence with different ZI sectors,while the projection fibers from ZI sectors were longitudinally organized in the superior colliculus.Clustering results show that the medial and lateral ZI are two different major functional compartments,and they can be further divided into more subdomains based on projection and input connectivity.This study provides a comprehensive anatomical foundation for understanding how the ZI is involved in integrating different information,conveying motivational states,and modulating global behaviors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61721092,91749209,and 31871088)the Director Fund of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics。
文摘The caudal forelimb area(CFA)of the mouse cortex is essential in many forelimb movements,and diverse types of GABAergic interneuron in the CFA are distinct in the mediation of cortical inhibition in motor information processing.However,their long-range inputs remain unclear.In the present study,we combined the monosynaptic rabies virus system with Cre driver mouse lines to generate a whole-brain map of the inputs to three major inhibitory interneuron types in the CFA.We discovered that each type was innervated by the same upstream areas,but there were quantitative differences in the inputs from the cortex,thalamus,and pallidum.Comparing the locations of the interneurons in two subregions of the CFA,we discovered that their long-range inputs were remarkably different in distribution and proportion.This whole-brain mapping indicates the existence of parallel pathway organization in the forelimb subnetwork and provides insight into the inhibitory processes in forelimb movement to reveal the structural architecture underlying the functions of the CFA.
文摘由于传统的互补金属-氧化物-半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor,CMOS)神经元电路与生物学的契合性较差且电路复杂,提出了一种基于忆阻器的多端口输入的泄露-整合-激发(Leaky-Integrate-Fire,LIF)神经元电路。该电路由运放、逻辑门等器件以及忆阻器构成,主要分为信号叠加模块和神经元信号产生模块。通过施加多个双尖峰脉冲信号并调节输入信号的数量和频率,模拟了生物神经元受到的不同程度刺激。研究发现施加到神经元上信号的数量和频率达到一定的值,神经元电路才会输出电压信号,这与生物体中只有受到一定程度的刺激时才会做出反应的现象是一致的。进一步,调节该电路中神经元信号产生模块的阈值电压大小,研究发现输入相同的信号,只有当电路的阈值电压较低时,神经元电路才能输出电压信号,这与生物中不同部位受到相同的刺激,神经元兴奋程度越高,越容易做出反应的现象一致。由此,该文所提出的LIF神经元电路不仅解决了传统电路输入信号单一、输入信号波形与生物信号波形差异大等问题,而且能模拟生物神经元的兴奋程度,这为人工神经网络的设计提供理论依据。
基金National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(61890953 and 31871088)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund forMedical Sciences(2019-12M-5-014)the Director Fund of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics.
文摘The zona incerta(ZI)is involved in various functions and may serve as an integrative node of the circuits for global behavioral modulation.However,the long-range connectivity of different sectors in the mouse ZI has not been comprehensively mapped.Here,we obtained whole-brain images of the input and output connections via fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography and viral tracing.The principal regions in the input-output circuits of ZI GABAergic neurons were topologically organized.The 3D distribution of cortical inputs showed rostro-caudal correspondence with different ZI sectors,while the projection fibers from ZI sectors were longitudinally organized in the superior colliculus.Clustering results show that the medial and lateral ZI are two different major functional compartments,and they can be further divided into more subdomains based on projection and input connectivity.This study provides a comprehensive anatomical foundation for understanding how the ZI is involved in integrating different information,conveying motivational states,and modulating global behaviors.
