Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and clinical symptoms such as tremors,rigidity,and slowed movements.A key feature of Parkinson's disease i...Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and clinical symptoms such as tremors,rigidity,and slowed movements.A key feature of Parkinson's disease is the accumulation of misfoldedα-synuclein,forming insoluble Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta,which contributes to neurodegeneration.Theseα-synuclein aggregates may act as autoantigens,leading to T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation and contributing to dopaminergic cell death.Our perspective explores the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease may have an autoimmune component,highlighting research that connects peripheral immune responses with neurodegeneration.T cells derived from Parkinson's disease patients appear to have the potential to initiate an autoimmune response againstα-synuclein and its modified peptides,possibly leading to the formation of neo-epitopes.Recent evidence associates Parkinson's disease with abnormal immune responses,as indicated by increased levels of immune cells,such as CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells,observed in both patients and mouse models.The convergence of T cells filtration increasing major histocompatibility complex molecules,and the susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons supports the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease may exhibit autoimmune characteristics.Understanding the immune mechanisms involved in Parkinson's disease will be crucial for developing therapeutic strategies that target the autoimmune aspects of the disease.Novel approaches,including precision medicine based on major histocompatibility complex/human leukocyte antigen typing and early biomarker identification,could pave the way for immune-based treatments aimed at slowing or halting disease progression.This perspective explores the relationship between autoimmunity and Parkinson's disease,suggesting that further research could deepen understanding and offer new therapeutic avenues.In this paper,it is organized to provide a comprehensive perspective on the autoimmune aspects of Parkinson's disease.It investigates critical areas such as the autoimmune response observed in Parkinson's disease patients and the role of autoimmune mechanisms targetingα-synuclein in Parkinson's disease.The paper also examines the impact of CD4~+T cells,specifically Th1 and Th17,on neurons through in vitro and ex vivo studies.Additionally,it explores howα-synuclein influences glia-induced neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.The discussion extends to the clinical implications and therapeutic landscape,offering insights into potential treatments.Consequently,we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective on the autoimmune aspects of Parkinson's disease,incorporating both supportive and opposing views on its classification as an autoimmune disorder and exploring implications for clinical applications.展开更多
Depression is a widespread and debilitating mental health disorder affecting millions globally.Chronotype has been increasingly recognized as a significant factor associated with depression.This review aims to compreh...Depression is a widespread and debilitating mental health disorder affecting millions globally.Chronotype has been increasingly recognized as a significant factor associated with depression.This review aims to comprehensively dissect the role of chronotype in depression,providing insights into the underlying mechanisms linking chronotype to depression,as well as the potential therapeutic implications.Converging evidence indicates that evening chronotype is notably associated with an elevated risk of depression,more severe symptoms,and a higher rate of suicidality,while morning chronotype may exert a protective effect.These findings highlight that chronotype plays a crucial role in the development,manifestation,and management of depression.Nevertheless,some methodological issues of the existing studies(e.g.,reliance on self-reported chronotype assessments)should be noted and discussed.Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying the relationship between chronotype and depression,establish causal links,and optimize the clinical application of chronotype-based interventions for depression.展开更多
This article discusses the manuscript recently published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,which explores the application of deep learning models in decision-making processes via wireless capsule endoscopy.Inte...This article discusses the manuscript recently published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,which explores the application of deep learning models in decision-making processes via wireless capsule endoscopy.Integrating artificial intelligence(AI)into gastrointestinal disease diagnosis represents a transformative step toward precision medicine,enhancing real-time accuracy in detecting multi-category lesions at earlier stages,including small bowel lesions and precancerous polyps,ultimately improving patient outcomes.However,the use of AI in clinical settings raises ethical considerations that extend beyond technological potential.Issues of patient privacy,data security,and potential diagnostic biases require careful attention.AI models must prioritize diverse and representative datasets to mitigate inequities and ensure diagnostic accuracy across populations.Furthermore,balancing AI with clinical expertise is crucial,positioning AI as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for physician judgment.Addressing these ethical challenges will support the responsible deployment of AI,through equitable contribution to patient-centered care.展开更多
In the present paper,we give a systematic study of the discrete correspondence the-ory and topological correspondence theory of modal meet-implication logic and moda1 meet-semilattice logic,in the semantics provided i...In the present paper,we give a systematic study of the discrete correspondence the-ory and topological correspondence theory of modal meet-implication logic and moda1 meet-semilattice logic,in the semantics provided in[21].The special features of the present paper include the following three points:the first one is that the semantic structure used is based on a semilattice rather than an ordinary partial order,the second one is that the propositional vari-ables are interpreted as filters rather than upsets,and the nominals,which are the“first-order counterparts of propositional variables,are interpreted as principal filters rather than principal upsets;the third one is that in topological correspondence theory,the collection of admissi-ble valuations is not closed under taking disjunction,which makes the proof of the topological Ackermann 1emma different from existing settings.展开更多
This paper approaches interpretation of metonymies in translation from the angle of implicationalization,in the process of which stereotypical relations play an important role.It discusses semantic motivation and form...This paper approaches interpretation of metonymies in translation from the angle of implicationalization,in the process of which stereotypical relations play an important role.It discusses semantic motivation and formulation of a metonymy and concerns itself with the contextual elements which bring the relevant association into prominence and with the mapping relations with the community as well.It suggests that to come at the right semantic orientation of the original,the translator should be alert to the ways the author sees the world and the principles by which the SL community establishes relations between one thing and another. [展开更多
In this paper, we defined the concept of implicative and fuzzy implicative ideals of lattice implication algebras, and discussed the properties of them. And then, we pointed out the relations between implicative ideal...In this paper, we defined the concept of implicative and fuzzy implicative ideals of lattice implication algebras, and discussed the properties of them. And then, we pointed out the relations between implicative ideal and LI _ideal, implicative iedal and implicative filter, implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative ideal, fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative filter, and fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy LI _ideal.展开更多
In this paper, we discuss some propertie s of lattice implication algebra and difine the transitivity of implication in a set, we show the transitivity of implication and the substitution Theorem hold i n filters. S...In this paper, we discuss some propertie s of lattice implication algebra and difine the transitivity of implication in a set, we show the transitivity of implication and the substitution Theorem hold i n filters. So every filter of lattice implication algebra satisfies the Syllogis m and substitution Theorem of propositional logic.展开更多
Besides the ornamental and landscape composition functions,plants in classical Chinese gardens also play another significant role,i.e.cultural function.The cultural psychology of taking garden plants as emotional vect...Besides the ornamental and landscape composition functions,plants in classical Chinese gardens also play another significant role,i.e.cultural function.The cultural psychology of taking garden plants as emotional vectors and a living history as well as that of garden plant furnishing were elaborated in this study,and the cultural implication of plants was studied to make the cultural connotation of classical Chinese gardens be understood fully.展开更多
Learning style,aiming at language learner,is a hot issue of second language acquisition.The article first reviews the various definitions of learning style.From the perspective of cognition,three influence factors of ...Learning style,aiming at language learner,is a hot issue of second language acquisition.The article first reviews the various definitions of learning style.From the perspective of cognition,three influence factors of Chinese students' learning styles are analyzed.Suggestions are proposed for teachers to help students develop learning styles.展开更多
Image is an important and creative way to express poets＂ feelings in both Chinese and English poetry. There are concrete representations and abstract concept in image. They are two key notions in Poetics and Aestheti...Image is an important and creative way to express poets＂ feelings in both Chinese and English poetry. There are concrete representations and abstract concept in image. They are two key notions in Poetics and Aesthetics. This paper is to show the different versions of ＂tress＂ in poems and to explore the exact nature of concepts of sensitive affection in English and Chinese, so as to appreciate the artistic beauty of images.展开更多
Beginning with the history,definition and levels of Language Awareness,this paper reviewed and analyzed two views:1) Language awareness is one necessary condition in language learning,or 2) Language learning can be ac...Beginning with the history,definition and levels of Language Awareness,this paper reviewed and analyzed two views:1) Language awareness is one necessary condition in language learning,or 2) Language learning can be achieved without Language Awareness.It pointed out the problems existing in these studies:1) Limitations in sample choice,concerning the adult beginning learners instead of the learners in different learning stages;2) Limitations in methodology,preferring cross-sectional researches to longitudinal case studies;and 3) Limitations in material choice,focusing on "word" level rather than other levels or aspects of language learning.This paper argued that language awareness is dynamic in the whole process of language learning.展开更多
PART ONE1.语法、词汇。从A,B,C,D四个选项中,选择一个正确答案。(本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分)Complete each of the following sentences with themost likely answer. (25 points)1. A full______of how the mass media operate...PART ONE1.语法、词汇。从A,B,C,D四个选项中,选择一个正确答案。(本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分)Complete each of the following sentences with themost likely answer. (25 points)1. A full______of how the mass media operate in thisnation is dependent upon four things.A. meaning B. appreciationC. importance D.展开更多
Advertising is regarded as a mirror of society because it is a business involving people.Therefore,an analysis of advertising discourse is essential for the explanation of their social functions.The purposes to find o...Advertising is regarded as a mirror of society because it is a business involving people.Therefore,an analysis of advertising discourse is essential for the explanation of their social functions.The purposes to find out the writing patterns of English advertising discourse,and discover the way for English discourse writing.展开更多
The Professor s House is Willa Cather s masterpiece in the middle of her writing career.As a symbolical novel,the artistic charm of The Professor s House lies in Cather s effective employment of the subtle and provoca...The Professor s House is Willa Cather s masterpiece in the middle of her writing career.As a symbolical novel,the artistic charm of The Professor s House lies in Cather s effective employment of the subtle and provocative symbols.This essay makes a comprehensive study of the symbolic implication of the images structured on houses to appreciate the beauty of Cather s arts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of South Korea(2023R1A2C2004516,RS-2023-00219399 to SPY,and 2022R1I1A1A01063513 to MGJ)。
文摘Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and clinical symptoms such as tremors,rigidity,and slowed movements.A key feature of Parkinson's disease is the accumulation of misfoldedα-synuclein,forming insoluble Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta,which contributes to neurodegeneration.Theseα-synuclein aggregates may act as autoantigens,leading to T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation and contributing to dopaminergic cell death.Our perspective explores the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease may have an autoimmune component,highlighting research that connects peripheral immune responses with neurodegeneration.T cells derived from Parkinson's disease patients appear to have the potential to initiate an autoimmune response againstα-synuclein and its modified peptides,possibly leading to the formation of neo-epitopes.Recent evidence associates Parkinson's disease with abnormal immune responses,as indicated by increased levels of immune cells,such as CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells,observed in both patients and mouse models.The convergence of T cells filtration increasing major histocompatibility complex molecules,and the susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons supports the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease may exhibit autoimmune characteristics.Understanding the immune mechanisms involved in Parkinson's disease will be crucial for developing therapeutic strategies that target the autoimmune aspects of the disease.Novel approaches,including precision medicine based on major histocompatibility complex/human leukocyte antigen typing and early biomarker identification,could pave the way for immune-based treatments aimed at slowing or halting disease progression.This perspective explores the relationship between autoimmunity and Parkinson's disease,suggesting that further research could deepen understanding and offer new therapeutic avenues.In this paper,it is organized to provide a comprehensive perspective on the autoimmune aspects of Parkinson's disease.It investigates critical areas such as the autoimmune response observed in Parkinson's disease patients and the role of autoimmune mechanisms targetingα-synuclein in Parkinson's disease.The paper also examines the impact of CD4~+T cells,specifically Th1 and Th17,on neurons through in vitro and ex vivo studies.Additionally,it explores howα-synuclein influences glia-induced neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.The discussion extends to the clinical implications and therapeutic landscape,offering insights into potential treatments.Consequently,we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective on the autoimmune aspects of Parkinson's disease,incorporating both supportive and opposing views on its classification as an autoimmune disorder and exploring implications for clinical applications.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,China,No.2025A03J4256 and No.2025A03J4239.
文摘Depression is a widespread and debilitating mental health disorder affecting millions globally.Chronotype has been increasingly recognized as a significant factor associated with depression.This review aims to comprehensively dissect the role of chronotype in depression,providing insights into the underlying mechanisms linking chronotype to depression,as well as the potential therapeutic implications.Converging evidence indicates that evening chronotype is notably associated with an elevated risk of depression,more severe symptoms,and a higher rate of suicidality,while morning chronotype may exert a protective effect.These findings highlight that chronotype plays a crucial role in the development,manifestation,and management of depression.Nevertheless,some methodological issues of the existing studies(e.g.,reliance on self-reported chronotype assessments)should be noted and discussed.Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying the relationship between chronotype and depression,establish causal links,and optimize the clinical application of chronotype-based interventions for depression.
文摘This article discusses the manuscript recently published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,which explores the application of deep learning models in decision-making processes via wireless capsule endoscopy.Integrating artificial intelligence(AI)into gastrointestinal disease diagnosis represents a transformative step toward precision medicine,enhancing real-time accuracy in detecting multi-category lesions at earlier stages,including small bowel lesions and precancerous polyps,ultimately improving patient outcomes.However,the use of AI in clinical settings raises ethical considerations that extend beyond technological potential.Issues of patient privacy,data security,and potential diagnostic biases require careful attention.AI models must prioritize diverse and representative datasets to mitigate inequities and ensure diagnostic accuracy across populations.Furthermore,balancing AI with clinical expertise is crucial,positioning AI as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for physician judgment.Addressing these ethical challenges will support the responsible deployment of AI,through equitable contribution to patient-centered care.
基金supported by the Chinese Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project(23YJC72040003)the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(22JJD720021)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(project number:ZR2023QF021)。
文摘In the present paper,we give a systematic study of the discrete correspondence the-ory and topological correspondence theory of modal meet-implication logic and moda1 meet-semilattice logic,in the semantics provided in[21].The special features of the present paper include the following three points:the first one is that the semantic structure used is based on a semilattice rather than an ordinary partial order,the second one is that the propositional vari-ables are interpreted as filters rather than upsets,and the nominals,which are the“first-order counterparts of propositional variables,are interpreted as principal filters rather than principal upsets;the third one is that in topological correspondence theory,the collection of admissi-ble valuations is not closed under taking disjunction,which makes the proof of the topological Ackermann 1emma different from existing settings.
文摘This paper approaches interpretation of metonymies in translation from the angle of implicationalization,in the process of which stereotypical relations play an important role.It discusses semantic motivation and formulation of a metonymy and concerns itself with the contextual elements which bring the relevant association into prominence and with the mapping relations with the community as well.It suggests that to come at the right semantic orientation of the original,the translator should be alert to the ways the author sees the world and the principles by which the SL community establishes relations between one thing and another. [
文摘In this paper, we defined the concept of implicative and fuzzy implicative ideals of lattice implication algebras, and discussed the properties of them. And then, we pointed out the relations between implicative ideal and LI _ideal, implicative iedal and implicative filter, implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative ideal, fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative filter, and fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy LI _ideal.
文摘In this paper, we discuss some propertie s of lattice implication algebra and difine the transitivity of implication in a set, we show the transitivity of implication and the substitution Theorem hold i n filters. So every filter of lattice implication algebra satisfies the Syllogis m and substitution Theorem of propositional logic.
文摘Besides the ornamental and landscape composition functions,plants in classical Chinese gardens also play another significant role,i.e.cultural function.The cultural psychology of taking garden plants as emotional vectors and a living history as well as that of garden plant furnishing were elaborated in this study,and the cultural implication of plants was studied to make the cultural connotation of classical Chinese gardens be understood fully.
文摘Learning style,aiming at language learner,is a hot issue of second language acquisition.The article first reviews the various definitions of learning style.From the perspective of cognition,three influence factors of Chinese students' learning styles are analyzed.Suggestions are proposed for teachers to help students develop learning styles.
文摘Image is an important and creative way to express poets＂ feelings in both Chinese and English poetry. There are concrete representations and abstract concept in image. They are two key notions in Poetics and Aesthetics. This paper is to show the different versions of ＂tress＂ in poems and to explore the exact nature of concepts of sensitive affection in English and Chinese, so as to appreciate the artistic beauty of images.
文摘Beginning with the history,definition and levels of Language Awareness,this paper reviewed and analyzed two views:1) Language awareness is one necessary condition in language learning,or 2) Language learning can be achieved without Language Awareness.It pointed out the problems existing in these studies:1) Limitations in sample choice,concerning the adult beginning learners instead of the learners in different learning stages;2) Limitations in methodology,preferring cross-sectional researches to longitudinal case studies;and 3) Limitations in material choice,focusing on "word" level rather than other levels or aspects of language learning.This paper argued that language awareness is dynamic in the whole process of language learning.
文摘PART ONE1.语法、词汇。从A,B,C,D四个选项中,选择一个正确答案。(本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分)Complete each of the following sentences with themost likely answer. (25 points)1. A full______of how the mass media operate in thisnation is dependent upon four things.A. meaning B. appreciationC. importance D.
文摘Advertising is regarded as a mirror of society because it is a business involving people.Therefore,an analysis of advertising discourse is essential for the explanation of their social functions.The purposes to find out the writing patterns of English advertising discourse,and discover the way for English discourse writing.
文摘The Professor s House is Willa Cather s masterpiece in the middle of her writing career.As a symbolical novel,the artistic charm of The Professor s House lies in Cather s effective employment of the subtle and provocative symbols.This essay makes a comprehensive study of the symbolic implication of the images structured on houses to appreciate the beauty of Cather s arts.
