目的:探讨非对称采集与迭代最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离方法(axial iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetrical and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence,IDEAL-IQ)联合体素内不相干运动扩散加权成...目的:探讨非对称采集与迭代最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离方法(axial iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetrical and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence,IDEAL-IQ)联合体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM)定量参数评价急性B淋巴母细胞白血病(acute B lymphoblastic leukemia,B-ALL)儿童危险度分层及对早期化疗反应的预测价值。方法:收集B-ALL患儿84例,根据WHO危险程度分级将患儿分为低危5例,中危61例,高危18例。79例患儿接受了化疗治疗,并于化疗前及诱导化疗后(化疗第36天)行腰椎IDEAL-IQ及IVIM扫描。根据化疗33 d骨髓微小残留病(minimal residual disease,MRD)将患儿分为临床缓解(clinical remission,CR)组(54例)和非临床缓解(non-clinical remission,N-CR)组(25例)。同时收集患儿年龄、性别、危险度分层、外周血白细胞计数(white blood cell count,WBC)、骨髓原幼淋巴细胞百分比、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、是否合并中枢神经系统白血病(central nervous system leukemia,CNSL)等临床资料。结果:定量参数评价B-ALL患儿危险度分层方面,高危组患儿腰椎椎体f值明显高于中低危组(P<0.001);将外周血WBC及腰椎椎体f值作为自变量,临床危险度作为应变量进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示f值是评价高危B-ALL患儿的独立因素(ORf=48 082.101,P<0.001)。在评价早期化疗反应方面,与N-CR组相比,CR组患儿化疗后腰椎椎体质子密度脂肪分数(proton density fat fraction,PDFF)及有效横向弛豫率(effective transverse relaxivity rate,R2^(*))显著增高(P=0.005、P=0.008)。化疗前危险度分层、化疗前纯扩散系数(pure diffusion coefficient,D)及伪扩散系数(pseudo diffusion coefficient,D^(*))值在CR与N-CR组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001、P=0.024、P=0.030)。化疗后PDFF、化疗前D值及化疗前D^(*)值是N-CR的独立危险因素,化疗前D+D^(*)值预测N-CR的价值,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)0.817,略高于化疗后PDFF(AUC=0.807)。结论:腰椎椎体f值可用于预测B-ALL患儿的临床危险度分层,化疗前D+D^(*)值对B-ALL患儿早期化疗反应具有显著预测价值。展开更多
Given two ideals I and J of a commutative ring R,there are two extreme connections between I and J:I+J=R and I∩J={0}.For the former case,graphs whose vertices are defined as the proper ideals of R and that two vertic...Given two ideals I and J of a commutative ring R,there are two extreme connections between I and J:I+J=R and I∩J={0}.For the former case,graphs whose vertices are defined as the proper ideals of R and that two vertices are adjacent if and only if their sum is the whole ring R are known as co-maximal ideal graphs.In this paper,we introduce a new kind of graph structure on R,called co-minimal ideal graph,according to the second case:Its vertices are the nonzero ideals of R and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their intersection is zero.Some important graph parameters(including girth,diameter,clique number and chromatic number)and graph structures(including tree and bipartite graph)of co-minimal ideal graphs over finite commutative rings are studied.In particular,we show that the co-maximal ideal graph and the co-minimal ideal graph over R are isomorphic if and only if the number of maximal ideals of R and the number of minimal ideals of R coincide.展开更多
This study mainly focuses on the triangle bounded L⁃algebras and triangle ideals.Firstly,the definition of triangle bounded L⁃algebras is presented,and several examples with different conditions are outlined along wit...This study mainly focuses on the triangle bounded L⁃algebras and triangle ideals.Firstly,the definition of triangle bounded L⁃algebras is presented,and several examples with different conditions are outlined along with an exploration of their properties.Moreover,we investigate the structure of triangle bounded L⁃algebra with a special condition.Secondly,we define the concept of triangle ideals of triangle bounded L⁃algebra and explore the connection between the triangle ideals of triangle bounded L⁃algebra L and the ideals of bounded L⁃algebra E(L).In addition,we classified and studied various classes of triangle ideals,including Stonean triangle ideals,extended Stonean triangle ideals,and lattice ideals,and by introducing the notion of Stonean triangle bounded L algebras,we examine the relationship between Stonean triangle bounded L⁃algebras and Stonean triangle ideals.Finally,we investigate the interrelationships among these various types of triangle ideals.展开更多
Lead-tin(Pb-Sn)perovskites with an ideal bandgap of 1.34-1.40 eV show great promise in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Recently,to address the environmental pollution and Sn^(2+)oxidation problems of dimethyl sulfoxide,m...Lead-tin(Pb-Sn)perovskites with an ideal bandgap of 1.34-1.40 eV show great promise in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Recently,to address the environmental pollution and Sn^(2+)oxidation problems of dimethyl sulfoxide,methylammonium acetate(MAAc)ionic liquid has been developed as an alternative to fabricate ideal bandgap MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3)(1.36 eV)film via hot-casting in air.However,the spontaneous crystallization of Pb-Sn perovskite initiated by heat-induced supersaturation is fast and random,setting critical challenges in regulating crystal growth during the film-forming process.Herein,a lattice activation strategy is developed to control the crystallization dynamics of MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3)in MAAc to produce films with micrometer-sized grains in air.FA is shown to activate the crystal lattice that facilitates the formation of intermediates and balances the crystal growth of MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3),producing films with a grain size of 2.78±0.17μm.Furthermore,4-fluoro-phenethylammonium and phenethylammonium are adopted to passivate the defects in the film and promote the energy level alignment at the top interface,respectively.The optimized PSC device achieved an efficiency of 18.24%with a short-circuit current of 29.84 mA/cm^(2),which are both the highest values in 1.36 eV Pb-Sn PSCs to date.Notably,the unencapsulated devices show excellent storage and air stability under various conditions.展开更多
In this work,history of education is expressed and evaluated generally/specifically by considering the related concepts.Definition and types of education explained with specific approaches in the literature.Early chil...In this work,history of education is expressed and evaluated generally/specifically by considering the related concepts.Definition and types of education explained with specific approaches in the literature.Early childhood development briefly defined and the correlation with education systems outlined.Five education evolution phases expressed with its basic concepts.The meaning and importance of philosophy of education are then defined according to the general approaches.Some of the important philosophers of education and their philosophical/scientific interests are compared and expressed with a table.New perspective of the philosophy generally defined by considering new era philosophy,eight basic philosophies,and hybrid philosophies.R-Philosophy,R-Science,R-Information,R-Education,and R-System new disciplines are shortly expressed.New perspective for the philosophy of education defined as sub-branch of philosophy of information and explained regarding the basic information on the related theories.17 education components are defined for continuable/sustainable education,and efficiency,effective use,and improvement/development of each of the components expressed specifically.Performance of the education components for a country-X is given with a figure as an example.Relation between education,values,and basic senses is interpreted.Evaluation of the education due to 17 specific perspectives is generally mentioned.Then,evaluation of the education from philosophical,academic,and administration perspectives is specifically explained.Continuable/sustainable education administration system for a world country is defined with figures.Education system administration is defined with bloc diagrams accordingly.Ideal political/nonpolitical education construction for a progressive world country is outlined with 5x5 table,and related explanations done.Then importance of education due to 39 subjects of services is expressed with a table.Categories of education programs outlined.Digital education&digital tools and engineering education and related five industry evolution phases are defined as special education programs.New proposal is given for Education 5.0 and Engineering Education 5.0.展开更多
为解决快速路高架路段大间距出口标志信息供需失衡问题,借助眼动追踪技术开展室内试验。设计77种不同标志,提取并分析28种眼动数据指标,从视认效率、难度、疲劳三个维度构建评价体系。运用重复测量方差分析与逼近理想解排序法(Technique...为解决快速路高架路段大间距出口标志信息供需失衡问题,借助眼动追踪技术开展室内试验。设计77种不同标志,提取并分析28种眼动数据指标,从视认效率、难度、疲劳三个维度构建评价体系。运用重复测量方差分析与逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS),探究多信息标志多维视认特性。结果表明,28种眼动指标能有效评估驾驶员视认特性,精准表征视认微观特征。标志中路名数量越多,驾驶员视认效率越低、难度越大、疲劳程度越高,整体视认风险增加。建议标志信息数量一般不超过6条,特殊情况可扩展至9条。此外,目的路名在版面的位置对视认风险影响显著,应合理设置版面优先级。展开更多
文摘目的:探讨非对称采集与迭代最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离方法(axial iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetrical and least-squares estimation quantitation sequence,IDEAL-IQ)联合体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM)定量参数评价急性B淋巴母细胞白血病(acute B lymphoblastic leukemia,B-ALL)儿童危险度分层及对早期化疗反应的预测价值。方法:收集B-ALL患儿84例,根据WHO危险程度分级将患儿分为低危5例,中危61例,高危18例。79例患儿接受了化疗治疗,并于化疗前及诱导化疗后(化疗第36天)行腰椎IDEAL-IQ及IVIM扫描。根据化疗33 d骨髓微小残留病(minimal residual disease,MRD)将患儿分为临床缓解(clinical remission,CR)组(54例)和非临床缓解(non-clinical remission,N-CR)组(25例)。同时收集患儿年龄、性别、危险度分层、外周血白细胞计数(white blood cell count,WBC)、骨髓原幼淋巴细胞百分比、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、是否合并中枢神经系统白血病(central nervous system leukemia,CNSL)等临床资料。结果:定量参数评价B-ALL患儿危险度分层方面,高危组患儿腰椎椎体f值明显高于中低危组(P<0.001);将外周血WBC及腰椎椎体f值作为自变量,临床危险度作为应变量进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示f值是评价高危B-ALL患儿的独立因素(ORf=48 082.101,P<0.001)。在评价早期化疗反应方面,与N-CR组相比,CR组患儿化疗后腰椎椎体质子密度脂肪分数(proton density fat fraction,PDFF)及有效横向弛豫率(effective transverse relaxivity rate,R2^(*))显著增高(P=0.005、P=0.008)。化疗前危险度分层、化疗前纯扩散系数(pure diffusion coefficient,D)及伪扩散系数(pseudo diffusion coefficient,D^(*))值在CR与N-CR组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001、P=0.024、P=0.030)。化疗后PDFF、化疗前D值及化疗前D^(*)值是N-CR的独立危险因素,化疗前D+D^(*)值预测N-CR的价值,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)0.817,略高于化疗后PDFF(AUC=0.807)。结论:腰椎椎体f值可用于预测B-ALL患儿的临床危险度分层,化疗前D+D^(*)值对B-ALL患儿早期化疗反应具有显著预测价值。
基金partially supported by the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Analysis&Applications(Central China Normal University),Ministry of Education,P.R.Chinathe Guiding Science and Technology Plan Project of Suqian City in 2023(No.Z2023130)partially supported by NSFC(No.12271234)。
文摘Given two ideals I and J of a commutative ring R,there are two extreme connections between I and J:I+J=R and I∩J={0}.For the former case,graphs whose vertices are defined as the proper ideals of R and that two vertices are adjacent if and only if their sum is the whole ring R are known as co-maximal ideal graphs.In this paper,we introduce a new kind of graph structure on R,called co-minimal ideal graph,according to the second case:Its vertices are the nonzero ideals of R and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their intersection is zero.Some important graph parameters(including girth,diameter,clique number and chromatic number)and graph structures(including tree and bipartite graph)of co-minimal ideal graphs over finite commutative rings are studied.In particular,we show that the co-maximal ideal graph and the co-minimal ideal graph over R are isomorphic if and only if the number of maximal ideals of R and the number of minimal ideals of R coincide.
基金Sponsored by Foreign Expert Program of China(Grant No.DL2023041002L)Yulin City Industry University Research Project(Grant No.CXY-2022-59).
文摘This study mainly focuses on the triangle bounded L⁃algebras and triangle ideals.Firstly,the definition of triangle bounded L⁃algebras is presented,and several examples with different conditions are outlined along with an exploration of their properties.Moreover,we investigate the structure of triangle bounded L⁃algebra with a special condition.Secondly,we define the concept of triangle ideals of triangle bounded L⁃algebra and explore the connection between the triangle ideals of triangle bounded L⁃algebra L and the ideals of bounded L⁃algebra E(L).In addition,we classified and studied various classes of triangle ideals,including Stonean triangle ideals,extended Stonean triangle ideals,and lattice ideals,and by introducing the notion of Stonean triangle bounded L algebras,we examine the relationship between Stonean triangle bounded L⁃algebras and Stonean triangle ideals.Finally,we investigate the interrelationships among these various types of triangle ideals.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(52372226,52202300,62288102,62350013,52303325)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3608900)+5 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program ofthe China postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(Grant GZC20233506)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant2024M764252)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing China(2023NSCQ-MSX0097)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010918)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant JCYJ20240813150819026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Lead-tin(Pb-Sn)perovskites with an ideal bandgap of 1.34-1.40 eV show great promise in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Recently,to address the environmental pollution and Sn^(2+)oxidation problems of dimethyl sulfoxide,methylammonium acetate(MAAc)ionic liquid has been developed as an alternative to fabricate ideal bandgap MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3)(1.36 eV)film via hot-casting in air.However,the spontaneous crystallization of Pb-Sn perovskite initiated by heat-induced supersaturation is fast and random,setting critical challenges in regulating crystal growth during the film-forming process.Herein,a lattice activation strategy is developed to control the crystallization dynamics of MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3)in MAAc to produce films with micrometer-sized grains in air.FA is shown to activate the crystal lattice that facilitates the formation of intermediates and balances the crystal growth of MAPb_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)I_(3),producing films with a grain size of 2.78±0.17μm.Furthermore,4-fluoro-phenethylammonium and phenethylammonium are adopted to passivate the defects in the film and promote the energy level alignment at the top interface,respectively.The optimized PSC device achieved an efficiency of 18.24%with a short-circuit current of 29.84 mA/cm^(2),which are both the highest values in 1.36 eV Pb-Sn PSCs to date.Notably,the unencapsulated devices show excellent storage and air stability under various conditions.
文摘In this work,history of education is expressed and evaluated generally/specifically by considering the related concepts.Definition and types of education explained with specific approaches in the literature.Early childhood development briefly defined and the correlation with education systems outlined.Five education evolution phases expressed with its basic concepts.The meaning and importance of philosophy of education are then defined according to the general approaches.Some of the important philosophers of education and their philosophical/scientific interests are compared and expressed with a table.New perspective of the philosophy generally defined by considering new era philosophy,eight basic philosophies,and hybrid philosophies.R-Philosophy,R-Science,R-Information,R-Education,and R-System new disciplines are shortly expressed.New perspective for the philosophy of education defined as sub-branch of philosophy of information and explained regarding the basic information on the related theories.17 education components are defined for continuable/sustainable education,and efficiency,effective use,and improvement/development of each of the components expressed specifically.Performance of the education components for a country-X is given with a figure as an example.Relation between education,values,and basic senses is interpreted.Evaluation of the education due to 17 specific perspectives is generally mentioned.Then,evaluation of the education from philosophical,academic,and administration perspectives is specifically explained.Continuable/sustainable education administration system for a world country is defined with figures.Education system administration is defined with bloc diagrams accordingly.Ideal political/nonpolitical education construction for a progressive world country is outlined with 5x5 table,and related explanations done.Then importance of education due to 39 subjects of services is expressed with a table.Categories of education programs outlined.Digital education&digital tools and engineering education and related five industry evolution phases are defined as special education programs.New proposal is given for Education 5.0 and Engineering Education 5.0.
文摘为解决快速路高架路段大间距出口标志信息供需失衡问题,借助眼动追踪技术开展室内试验。设计77种不同标志,提取并分析28种眼动数据指标,从视认效率、难度、疲劳三个维度构建评价体系。运用重复测量方差分析与逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS),探究多信息标志多维视认特性。结果表明,28种眼动指标能有效评估驾驶员视认特性,精准表征视认微观特征。标志中路名数量越多,驾驶员视认效率越低、难度越大、疲劳程度越高,整体视认风险增加。建议标志信息数量一般不超过6条,特殊情况可扩展至9条。此外,目的路名在版面的位置对视认风险影响显著,应合理设置版面优先级。
