Human genome epidemiology （HUGE） uses sys- tematic applications of epidemiologic methods to as- sess the impact of human genetic variation on health and disease. In the past ten years, human genome epi- demiology ha...Human genome epidemiology （HUGE） uses sys- tematic applications of epidemiologic methods to as- sess the impact of human genetic variation on health and disease. In the past ten years, human genome epi- demiology has made great progresses along with ad- vances in genomics technologies, which make it pos- sible for the examination of genetic variants in a large sample size at a sufficiently low cost. Genetic associa- tion study in population provides a powerful approach to identify variants or genes associated with disease of interest by comparing distributions of genetic variants between affected and unaffected individuals.展开更多
Host and viral factors deeply influence the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) disease progression. Among them human leukocyte antigen(HLA) locus plays a key role at different levels. In fact, genes of the HLA locus ha...Host and viral factors deeply influence the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) disease progression. Among them human leukocyte antigen(HLA) locus plays a key role at different levels. In fact, genes of the HLA locus have shown the peculiar capability to modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. In particular, HLA class Ⅰmolecules are recognized by CD8+ T-cells and natural killers(NK) cells towards the interaction with T cell receptor(TCR) and Killer Immunoglobulin Receptor(KIR) 3DL1 respectively. Polymorphisms within the different HLA alleles generate structural changes in HLA classⅠpeptide-binding pockets. Amino acid changes in the peptide-binding pocket lead to the presentation of a different set of peptides to T and NK cells. This review summarizes the role of HLA in HIV progression toward acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome and its receptors. Recently, many studies have been focused on determining the HLA binding-peptides. The novel use of immune-informatics tools, from the prediction of the HLA-bound peptides to the modification of the HLAreceptor complexes, is considered. A better knowledge of HLA peptide presentation and recognition are allowing new strategies for immune response manipulation to be applied against HIV virus.展开更多
Foreword Since the arrival of the 21st cen- tury, the Chinese people have been making constant efforts in advanc- ing human rights protection along the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics under th...Foreword Since the arrival of the 21st cen- tury, the Chinese people have been making constant efforts in advanc- ing human rights protection along the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the Communist Party of China （CPC） and the Chinese gov- ernment.展开更多
Foreword Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China.It also reflects the will and pursuit of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the Chinese government and the Chinese people.The judic...Foreword Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China.It also reflects the will and pursuit of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the Chinese government and the Chinese people.The judiciary is the last line of defense to safeguard social fairness and justice,and judicial protection of human rights is an important展开更多
Human rights are a kind of right deriving from human dignity. The pursuit of well- being and dignity is theeternal aspiration of human beings, as well as of the Chinese people. Since re- form and opening up, particula...Human rights are a kind of right deriving from human dignity. The pursuit of well- being and dignity is theeternal aspiration of human beings, as well as of the Chinese people. Since re- form and opening up, particularly since the beginning of the 21 st century, China has achieved remarkable advancements in its human fights cause. In March 2012, the National People＇s Congress （NPC） approved, with broad support, amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law, which for the first time includes ＂respecting and protecting human fights.＂ It is a landmark in the history of China＇s human rights development and signals the rapid progress of human fights in China.展开更多
In its World Report 2013, Human Rights Watch, a New Yorkbased international nongovernmental human rights group, has distortedChina＇s judicial system and judicial reforms by twisting or ignoring some basic facts. Tur...In its World Report 2013, Human Rights Watch, a New Yorkbased international nongovernmental human rights group, has distortedChina＇s judicial system and judicial reforms by twisting or ignoring some basic facts. Turning a blind eye to the progres sive amendments China has made to the Criminal Procedure Law and the Mental Health Law in March and October and ignoring the fact that the country has raised the level of its ju dicial guarantee for human rights, the report, published on Jan 31, criticizes China by saying that its legal reform has been at a standstill. ＂When challenged by its citizens, repression or tactical retreat rather than systemic reform re mains the Chinese government＇s default response,＂ the report says. However, it is an established fact that 2012 marked a milestone in China＇s judicial reforms, for significant progress was made in that field last year. In terms of steady advancement of the reform and openingup policy, China has achieved a series of major breakthroughs in recent years in its bid to reform its judicial system.展开更多
The first Beijing Forum on Human Rights was held by the China Society for Human Rights Studies（CSHRS） from April 21-23, 2008. Following is the speech made by Luo Haocai, President of CSHRS, at the opening ceremony o...The first Beijing Forum on Human Rights was held by the China Society for Human Rights Studies（CSHRS） from April 21-23, 2008. Following is the speech made by Luo Haocai, President of CSHRS, at the opening ceremony on April 21.展开更多
Contents ForewordⅠ.Political Rights Ⅱ.Civil Rights Ⅲ.Economic Rights Ⅳ.Social Rights Ⅴ.Cultural Rights Ⅵ.Environmental Rights Ⅶ.Right to Freedom of Religious Belief Ⅷ.Rights of Women,Children,the Elderly and D...Contents ForewordⅠ.Political Rights Ⅱ.Civil Rights Ⅲ.Economic Rights Ⅳ.Social Rights Ⅴ.Cultural Rights Ⅵ.Environmental Rights Ⅶ.Right to Freedom of Religious Belief Ⅷ.Rights of Women,Children,the Elderly and Disabled Foreword Realization of full human rights is an ideal,one that humankind has pursued for展开更多
Foreword The year 2004 is an important year for China in building a well-off society in an all-round way. It is also a year that saw all-round progress in China’s human rights undertakings. In that year, China expres...Foreword The year 2004 is an important year for China in building a well-off society in an all-round way. It is also a year that saw all-round progress in China’s human rights undertakings. In that year, China expressly stated in its Constitution that "the state respects and safeguards human rights," further manifesting the essential requirements of the socialist system. The Chinese government pressed forward on promoting administration according to law in an all-round way. It promulgated the document Outline of Full Implementation for Promoting Administration according to Law, which展开更多
Human rights refer to the rights that should be enjoyed by anyone as human beings. However, human beings have not only the natural at- tributes, but also social attributes, including such high-level social at- tribute...Human rights refer to the rights that should be enjoyed by anyone as human beings. However, human beings have not only the natural at- tributes, but also social attributes, including such high-level social at- tributes as thinking capability and culture. The role of culture on hu- man beings can be seen in people＇s understandings on human rights connotation and human rights value. In fact, the different views on hu- man rights issue of various countries worldwide are linked with their dif- ferent cultures. We cannot change the differences of various countries in cultures, but we can learn about and understand the differences through cultural exchanges so as to enhance recognition on human rights issue.展开更多
Foreword In 2013 China made progress in its human rights undertaking while advancing on the course of the Chinese Dream, a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
June 2015,BeijingPreface In 2014 the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the Chinese government jointly pushed forward the implementation of the country’s four major strategic tasks:(1)build a moderately prosperous soci...June 2015,BeijingPreface In 2014 the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the Chinese government jointly pushed forward the implementation of the country’s four major strategic tasks:(1)build a moderately prosperous society;(2)drive the reform in a deeper level;(3)advance the展开更多
December 2017 Contents PreambleⅠ.Improving the Legal Framework to Ensure Human RightsⅡ.Promoting Law-based Administration to Protect the Citizens’Lawful Rights and InterestsⅢ.Effectively Enhancing Judicial Protect...December 2017 Contents PreambleⅠ.Improving the Legal Framework to Ensure Human RightsⅡ.Promoting Law-based Administration to Protect the Citizens’Lawful Rights and InterestsⅢ.Effectively Enhancing Judicial Protection of Human RightsⅣ.Consolidating Social Mechanisms for Legal Protection of Human RightsⅤ.Strengthening the CPC Leadership over Legal Protection of Human RightsⅥ.Actively Promoting the Development of Global Human Rights Under the Rule of Law展开更多
EDITOR＇S NOTE： The National Human Rights Action Plan of China （2009-2010） has won favorable comments in China and abroad since its publication by the Information Office of the State Council on April 13, 2009. Here...EDITOR＇S NOTE： The National Human Rights Action Plan of China （2009-2010） has won favorable comments in China and abroad since its publication by the Information Office of the State Council on April 13, 2009. Here is a transcript of an interview given to our reporters by Wang Chen, director of the Office, on the Action Plan, which we hope will help our readers gain a better understanding of China＇s human rights cause and its development.展开更多
The 2018 Beijing Forum on Human Rights opens on this wonderful autumn day.On behalf of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, I wish to express warm congratulations on the opening of the forum and a sincere welco...The 2018 Beijing Forum on Human Rights opens on this wonderful autumn day.On behalf of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, I wish to express warm congratulations on the opening of the forum and a sincere welcome to all vips from home and abroad.展开更多
The Proposal for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for China＇s Economic and Social Development （2011-2015）（herein after referred to as the ＂Proposed Plan＂ for short） provides a complete range of guidelines for China＇...The Proposal for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for China＇s Economic and Social Development （2011-2015）（herein after referred to as the ＂Proposed Plan＂ for short） provides a complete range of guidelines for China＇s im-mediate and long-term development.展开更多
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.It is the main cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults.Multiple sclerosis mostly affects people aged 20–50 years...Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.It is the main cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults.Multiple sclerosis mostly affects people aged 20–50 years;however,it can occur in young children and much older adults.Factors identified in the distribution of MS include age,gender,genetics,environment,and ethnic background.Multiple sclerosis is usually associated with progressive degrees of disability.The disease involves demyelination of axons of the central nervous system and causes brain and spinal cord neuronal loss and atrophy.Diagnosing multiple sclerosis is based on a patient’s medical history including symptoms,physical examination,and various tests such as magnetic resonance imaging,cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests,and electrophysiology.The disease course of multiple sclerosis is not well correlated with the biomarkers presently used in clinical practice.Blood-derived biomarkers that can detect and distinguish the different phenotypes in multiple sclerosis may be advantageous in personalized treatment with disease-modifying drugs and to predict response to treatment.The studies reviewed have shown that the expression levels of a large number of miRNAs in peripheral blood,serum,exosomes isolated from serum,and cerebrospinal fluid are altered in multiple sclerosis and can distinguish the disease phenotypes from each other.Further studies are warranted to independently validate these findings so that individual or pairs of miRNAs in serum or cerebrospinal fluid can be used as potential diagnostic markers for adult and pediatric multiple sclerosis and for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy.展开更多
In the age of rapid technological change in human society,incessant technologies appear and play vital roles in civilization and the development of society.Among these effective technologies,the alphabet technology is...In the age of rapid technological change in human society,incessant technologies appear and play vital roles in civilization and the development of society.Among these effective technologies,the alphabet technology is one of the seminal ideas which is more than a writing system,but also a system for organizing information.This paper attempts to analyze the ways that the alphabet technology serves to alter the societies and the long-term impacts of it.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81230067, 81071715, and 81001276)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Human genome epidemiology （HUGE） uses sys- tematic applications of epidemiologic methods to as- sess the impact of human genetic variation on health and disease. In the past ten years, human genome epi- demiology has made great progresses along with ad- vances in genomics technologies, which make it pos- sible for the examination of genetic variants in a large sample size at a sufficiently low cost. Genetic associa- tion study in population provides a powerful approach to identify variants or genes associated with disease of interest by comparing distributions of genetic variants between affected and unaffected individuals.
文摘Host and viral factors deeply influence the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) disease progression. Among them human leukocyte antigen(HLA) locus plays a key role at different levels. In fact, genes of the HLA locus have shown the peculiar capability to modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. In particular, HLA class Ⅰmolecules are recognized by CD8+ T-cells and natural killers(NK) cells towards the interaction with T cell receptor(TCR) and Killer Immunoglobulin Receptor(KIR) 3DL1 respectively. Polymorphisms within the different HLA alleles generate structural changes in HLA classⅠpeptide-binding pockets. Amino acid changes in the peptide-binding pocket lead to the presentation of a different set of peptides to T and NK cells. This review summarizes the role of HLA in HIV progression toward acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome and its receptors. Recently, many studies have been focused on determining the HLA binding-peptides. The novel use of immune-informatics tools, from the prediction of the HLA-bound peptides to the modification of the HLAreceptor complexes, is considered. A better knowledge of HLA peptide presentation and recognition are allowing new strategies for immune response manipulation to be applied against HIV virus.
文摘Foreword Since the arrival of the 21st cen- tury, the Chinese people have been making constant efforts in advanc- ing human rights protection along the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the Communist Party of China （CPC） and the Chinese gov- ernment.
文摘Foreword Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China.It also reflects the will and pursuit of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the Chinese government and the Chinese people.The judiciary is the last line of defense to safeguard social fairness and justice,and judicial protection of human rights is an important
文摘Human rights are a kind of right deriving from human dignity. The pursuit of well- being and dignity is theeternal aspiration of human beings, as well as of the Chinese people. Since re- form and opening up, particularly since the beginning of the 21 st century, China has achieved remarkable advancements in its human fights cause. In March 2012, the National People＇s Congress （NPC） approved, with broad support, amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law, which for the first time includes ＂respecting and protecting human fights.＂ It is a landmark in the history of China＇s human rights development and signals the rapid progress of human fights in China.
文摘In its World Report 2013, Human Rights Watch, a New Yorkbased international nongovernmental human rights group, has distortedChina＇s judicial system and judicial reforms by twisting or ignoring some basic facts. Turning a blind eye to the progres sive amendments China has made to the Criminal Procedure Law and the Mental Health Law in March and October and ignoring the fact that the country has raised the level of its ju dicial guarantee for human rights, the report, published on Jan 31, criticizes China by saying that its legal reform has been at a standstill. ＂When challenged by its citizens, repression or tactical retreat rather than systemic reform re mains the Chinese government＇s default response,＂ the report says. However, it is an established fact that 2012 marked a milestone in China＇s judicial reforms, for significant progress was made in that field last year. In terms of steady advancement of the reform and openingup policy, China has achieved a series of major breakthroughs in recent years in its bid to reform its judicial system.
文摘The first Beijing Forum on Human Rights was held by the China Society for Human Rights Studies（CSHRS） from April 21-23, 2008. Following is the speech made by Luo Haocai, President of CSHRS, at the opening ceremony on April 21.
文摘Contents ForewordⅠ.Political Rights Ⅱ.Civil Rights Ⅲ.Economic Rights Ⅳ.Social Rights Ⅴ.Cultural Rights Ⅵ.Environmental Rights Ⅶ.Right to Freedom of Religious Belief Ⅷ.Rights of Women,Children,the Elderly and Disabled Foreword Realization of full human rights is an ideal,one that humankind has pursued for
文摘Foreword The year 2004 is an important year for China in building a well-off society in an all-round way. It is also a year that saw all-round progress in China’s human rights undertakings. In that year, China expressly stated in its Constitution that "the state respects and safeguards human rights," further manifesting the essential requirements of the socialist system. The Chinese government pressed forward on promoting administration according to law in an all-round way. It promulgated the document Outline of Full Implementation for Promoting Administration according to Law, which
文摘Human rights refer to the rights that should be enjoyed by anyone as human beings. However, human beings have not only the natural at- tributes, but also social attributes, including such high-level social at- tributes as thinking capability and culture. The role of culture on hu- man beings can be seen in people＇s understandings on human rights connotation and human rights value. In fact, the different views on hu- man rights issue of various countries worldwide are linked with their dif- ferent cultures. We cannot change the differences of various countries in cultures, but we can learn about and understand the differences through cultural exchanges so as to enhance recognition on human rights issue.
文摘Foreword In 2013 China made progress in its human rights undertaking while advancing on the course of the Chinese Dream, a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
文摘June 2015,BeijingPreface In 2014 the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the Chinese government jointly pushed forward the implementation of the country’s four major strategic tasks:(1)build a moderately prosperous society;(2)drive the reform in a deeper level;(3)advance the
文摘December 2017 Contents PreambleⅠ.Improving the Legal Framework to Ensure Human RightsⅡ.Promoting Law-based Administration to Protect the Citizens’Lawful Rights and InterestsⅢ.Effectively Enhancing Judicial Protection of Human RightsⅣ.Consolidating Social Mechanisms for Legal Protection of Human RightsⅤ.Strengthening the CPC Leadership over Legal Protection of Human RightsⅥ.Actively Promoting the Development of Global Human Rights Under the Rule of Law
文摘EDITOR＇S NOTE： The National Human Rights Action Plan of China （2009-2010） has won favorable comments in China and abroad since its publication by the Information Office of the State Council on April 13, 2009. Here is a transcript of an interview given to our reporters by Wang Chen, director of the Office, on the Action Plan, which we hope will help our readers gain a better understanding of China＇s human rights cause and its development.
文摘The 2018 Beijing Forum on Human Rights opens on this wonderful autumn day.On behalf of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, I wish to express warm congratulations on the opening of the forum and a sincere welcome to all vips from home and abroad.
文摘The Proposal for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for China＇s Economic and Social Development （2011-2015）（herein after referred to as the ＂Proposed Plan＂ for short） provides a complete range of guidelines for China＇s im-mediate and long-term development.
文摘Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.It is the main cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults.Multiple sclerosis mostly affects people aged 20–50 years;however,it can occur in young children and much older adults.Factors identified in the distribution of MS include age,gender,genetics,environment,and ethnic background.Multiple sclerosis is usually associated with progressive degrees of disability.The disease involves demyelination of axons of the central nervous system and causes brain and spinal cord neuronal loss and atrophy.Diagnosing multiple sclerosis is based on a patient’s medical history including symptoms,physical examination,and various tests such as magnetic resonance imaging,cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests,and electrophysiology.The disease course of multiple sclerosis is not well correlated with the biomarkers presently used in clinical practice.Blood-derived biomarkers that can detect and distinguish the different phenotypes in multiple sclerosis may be advantageous in personalized treatment with disease-modifying drugs and to predict response to treatment.The studies reviewed have shown that the expression levels of a large number of miRNAs in peripheral blood,serum,exosomes isolated from serum,and cerebrospinal fluid are altered in multiple sclerosis and can distinguish the disease phenotypes from each other.Further studies are warranted to independently validate these findings so that individual or pairs of miRNAs in serum or cerebrospinal fluid can be used as potential diagnostic markers for adult and pediatric multiple sclerosis and for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy.
文摘In the age of rapid technological change in human society,incessant technologies appear and play vital roles in civilization and the development of society.Among these effective technologies,the alphabet technology is one of the seminal ideas which is more than a writing system,but also a system for organizing information.This paper attempts to analyze the ways that the alphabet technology serves to alter the societies and the long-term impacts of it.
