BACKGROUND Hepatic eosinophilic pseudotumor(HEPT)is a rare condition that mimics ma-lignant hepatic tumors,posing significant diagnostic challenges.This case report highlights the importance of considering parasitic i...BACKGROUND Hepatic eosinophilic pseudotumor(HEPT)is a rare condition that mimics ma-lignant hepatic tumors,posing significant diagnostic challenges.This case report highlights the importance of considering parasitic infections like Fasciola hepatica(F.hepatica)in the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses,especially in endemic regions,to prevent unnecessary interventions.CASE SUMMARY A 40-year-old female presented with a 1-month history of epigastric pain and significant weight loss.Imaging revealed a hepatic mass,initially misdiagnosed as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Laboratory results showed marked eosinophilia,and histopathological examination confirmed significant eosinophilic infiltration without malignancy.Serological testing identified F.hepatica infection.The patient was treated with a single dose of triclabendazole,leading to complete symptom resolution and normalization of hepatic imaging findings within days.CONCLUSION HEPT due to F.hepatica can closely mimic malignancy;timely antiparasitic treat-ment is crucial for resolution.展开更多
The current study was performed to evaluate the liver function status as well as molecular characterization of the recovered worms in rats experimentally infected with F. hepatica. Sixteen male Wister rats aged 30 day...The current study was performed to evaluate the liver function status as well as molecular characterization of the recovered worms in rats experimentally infected with F. hepatica. Sixteen male Wister rats aged 30 days were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 8). The first group was infected orally with 15 viable encysted metacercaria of F. hepatica per animal. The other group was kept non-infected (control group). At zero time (before infection), the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 6<sup>th</sup>, 8<sup>th</sup>, 10<sup>th</sup>, 12<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> weeks post-infection (WPI), blood and serum samples were collected via puncture of retro-orbital plexus of veins from each rat. Serum enzyme level (AST and ALT) and total protein were measured, and the serum protein profile was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis. During the period of the experiment, serum ALT and AST activities and serum total globulins significantly increased while serum total proteins and albumin markedly decreased in the infected group. On the 14<sup>th</sup> WPI, the data of the electropherogram showed that globulin fractions (α1-, β- and γ-globulin) levels were significantly increased while α2-globulin was markedly decreased in the infected group. The molecular analysis confirmed the amplification of the ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of F. hepatica recovered from the infected liver of rats with amplicon sizes of 630, 510 and 560 bp, respectively. Sequencing of the amplified ITS gene resulted in the determination of 3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). Also, analysis of the ITS2 gene resulted in obtaining 3 isolates under the accession numbers (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, fasciolosis in the rat model is suitable for routine experimental infections and caused a pronounced liver dysfunction with discharging of the Fasciola eggs in the faeces and the development of adult stages in the bile ducts. Furthermore, molecular techniques are a sensitive tool for the identification and characterisation of the Fasciola parasite.展开更多
Capillaria hepatica(C.hepatica) is a parasitic nematode causing hepatic capillariasis in numerous mammals.Ecologic studies showed that the first hosts of C.hepatica were rodents,among which rats had relatively high in...Capillaria hepatica(C.hepatica) is a parasitic nematode causing hepatic capillariasis in numerous mammals.Ecologic studies showed that the first hosts of C.hepatica were rodents,among which rats had relatively high infection rates,which explains why C.hepatica spreads globally.Anatomical studies showed that the liver was the principal site of colonization by these parasites and physical damage tended to occur.Although C.hepatica might lead to serious liver disorders,relevant clinical reports were rare,because of the non-specific nature of clinical symptoms,leading to misdiagnosis.This review mainly focuses on the biological characteristics and epidemiology of C.hepatica in China and histopathologic changes in the liver,with expectation of gaining a better understanding of the disease and seeking more effective treatment.展开更多
Changes of concentrations were studied in water buffaloes and goats infected with Fasciola he-patica on blood NO(nitric oxide) and TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-α). Twenty healthy male castrated water buffaloes of 2 -...Changes of concentrations were studied in water buffaloes and goats infected with Fasciola he-patica on blood NO(nitric oxide) and TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-α). Twenty healthy male castrated water buffaloes of 2 - 3 years old and weighing 300 - 500 kg as well as six goats were confirmed free of fasciolosis by fecal examination and Dot-ELISA. Two studies were conducted using the water buffaloes. In the first experiment, 8 water buffaloes were randomly divided into control group (n = 3) and infection group (n = 5). Each buffalo in the infected group received orally 60 metacercariae of F. hepatica per day for 20 days (total 1 200 metacercariae) to produce a chronic infection. In the second experiment, 12 water buffaloes were randomly divided into infected (n=9) and control group (n = 3). Each buffalo in the infected group was given a single oral dose of 1 600 metacercariae to produce an acute infection. The 6 goats were randomly divided into two infected groups and a control group. The sheep in two infections received a single oral dose of 200 and 500 metacercariae respectively, the control group remained uninfected. Blood NO and TNF-a concentrations of the test animals were measured by a reductive enzyme assay and RIA, respectively. Blood NO concentration in both acutely and chronically infected water buffaloes progressively increased from week 3 post-infection and was significantly greater than that of the control group (P<0. 05) at the 5th week (acute infection) and 7th week (chronic infection), and remaining at higher concentration for the remaining period of the studies. Blood TNF-αconcentrations in both chronically and acutely infected water buffaloes also increased after infection. In the goat experiment, plasma NO concentrations in both infection groups increased from week 3 after infection, and remained higher than that of the control group until the end of the experiment. TNF-α concentrations in goats in infection group 1 and 2 gradually increased after infection and were significantly greater than those of the control group from the 9th to 11th week and from the 11th to 15th week respectively.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the potential of anemonin and Clematis flammula(C.flammula) extracts against infective organisms.Methods: The molluscicidal activities of anemonin and C.flammula extracts against Galba trunca...Objective: To investigate the potential of anemonin and Clematis flammula(C.flammula) extracts against infective organisms.Methods: The molluscicidal activities of anemonin and C.flammula extracts against Galba truncatula Mull.(Lymnaeidae) and Fasciola hepatica larval stages contaminating this snail in Tunisia were assessed by testing six groups of snails in 250 mL of extracts and aqueous dechlorinated solutions with different concentrations(ranging from 2.5 to 20.0 mg/L) for 48 h.Besides, the antifungal potential of C.flammula leaves and flowers was evaluated by using the diffusion agar and broth dilution methods against four fungal strains: Aspergillus niger, Pythium catenulatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium phyllophilum.Results: As a result, hexane and ethyl acetate flower extracts exhibited significant molluscicidal activities with LC_(50) median lethal concentrations values of 11.87 and 11.65 mg/L, respectively while LC_(50) value of anemonin was 9.64 mg/L after 48 h exposure.The flower extracts showed a larvicidal effect with a deterioration rate exceeding 35.39% where flower ethyl acetate residue gave a deterioration rate of cercariae close to 97%.Moreover, C.flammula extracts were not noxious to the associated fauna survival.All extracts inhibited the growth of P.catenulatum, the leaves and flowers methanolic extracts had the more important fungicide action with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.56 and 3.12 mg/mL together with minimum fungistatic concentrations of 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL respectively.Only flower extracts were active against Rhizoctonia solani with minimum inhibitory concentrations varying between 0.70 and 1.56 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL of minimum fungistatic concentration.Phytochemical tests showed that the antifungal activity may be attributed to the presence of the flavonoids/saponins in the methanolic extracts and the molluscicide effects could be due to the richness of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts on sterols and triterpenoids.Conclusions: This study emphasizes the important molluscicidal and antiparasitic effects of flower ethyl acetate extracts and anemonin compound as well as the considerable antifungal activities of methanolic extracts.These results improve the therapeutic virtues of C.flammula aerial part extracts.展开更多
AIM:To identify the characteristic clinical,laboratory and radiological findings and response to treatment in patients with fascioliasis.METHODS:Patients who were diagnosed with Fasciola hepatica infection were includ...AIM:To identify the characteristic clinical,laboratory and radiological findings and response to treatment in patients with fascioliasis.METHODS:Patients who were diagnosed with Fasciola hepatica infection were included in this prospective study.Initial clinical,laboratory and radiological findings were recorded.All patients were followed until a complete response was achieved or for 6 mo after treatment discontinuation.RESULTS:Fasciola hepatica infection was diagnosed in 30 patients(24 females;mean age:42.6 years) between January 2008 and February 2011.Twentytwo(73%) patients had hepatic phase fascioliasis,5 patients had biliary phase,and 3 patients had biliary phase associated with acute pancreatitis.Of the 8 patients with biliary phase fascioliasis,2 patients displayed features that overlapped with both hepatic and biliary phase.Abdominal pain and right upper abdominal tenderness were the most prominent signs and symptoms in all patients.Eosinophilia was the most prominent laboratory abnormality in both patients with hepatic and biliary phase(100% and 50%,respectively).Multiple nodular lesions like micro-abscesses on abdominal computerized tomography were the main radiological findings in patients with hepatic phase.Small linear filling defects in the distal choledochus were the main endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) findings in patients with biliary phase.Patients with hepatic phase were treated with triclabendazole alone,and patients with biliary phase were treated with triclabendazole and had live Fasciola hepatica extracted from the bile ducts during ERCP.CONCLUSION:Fasciola hepatica infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with hepatic or biliary disease and/or acute pancreatitis associated with eosinophilia.展开更多
Action mechanism of blood cell immune response in water buffaloes against acute infection with F. Hepatica was studied. The results showed that after water buffaloes were infected, the total levels of WBC surpassed co...Action mechanism of blood cell immune response in water buffaloes against acute infection with F. Hepatica was studied. The results showed that after water buffaloes were infected, the total levels of WBC surpassed control group during whole infection period; Eosinophiles (%) of DC were higher than control group at the 2nd week until 19th week, and then dropped and was close to control group; Neutrophiles(%) was low or significantly lower than control group within the 5 - 16th weeks; The total levels of lymphocytes (%) was lower than control group during the whole infection period; T-lymphocytes (%) dropped significantly, but B-lymphocytes(%) had opposite changes from the first week of infection, and they were close to the control group after 11 weeks; RBC-CR] and RBC-IC rosette rates dropped and rose during 2 - 16 and 2-18 weeks, respectively, and then approached the same between both groups. It was suggested that the violent changes of specific and nonspecific immune responses in water buffaloes with acute F. hepatica infection are related with the mechanism against infection with F. hepatica together.展开更多
Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease of worldwide distribution affecting mainly cattle and sheep. Its importance lies in the economic losses it produces in the livestock industry. Its control is carried out by using a ...Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease of worldwide distribution affecting mainly cattle and sheep. Its importance lies in the economic losses it produces in the livestock industry. Its control is carried out by using a chemical fasciolicide showing resistance problems and environmental contamination. Looking for an alternative control for this disease the present study was aimed at determining the hexane anti-Fasciola hepatica in the in vitro effect of some plant extracts and the minimum lethal dose of the mentioned extracts. All selected plants were tested in vitro at concentrations of 500, 250, 125 and 50 mg/L):Achilleamillefolium (plumajillo), Artemisiaabsinthium (wormwood), Artemisia mexicana (estafiate), Castelatortuousa (chaparroamargo), Chenopodiumgraveolens (epazote de zorrillo), Gymnospermaglutinosum (popote) Justicia spicigera (muicle), Limpia critridora (cedron), Lippiagraveolens (oregano), Menthapiperita (Mint), Populus alba (alamo) and Thymusvulgaris (thyme). Subsequently proceeded to perform a toxicity study with these fractions in CD1 male mice 10-13 weeks of age, forming groups of 3-5 animals they were administered a single oral dose being (5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 2500 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg) and were kept under observation 20 days, later were sacrificed and a kidney and liver histology was performed, finding the safety of the extracts. To perform the toxicity study with these fractions, groups of five CD1 male-mice were formed, they were treated with oral doses of 5, 50, 500, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg, administered with a cannule. All mice were kept under observation for 20 days. Finally they were sacrificed to perform histology of the kidney and liver in search of possible side effects. Results show that none of the extracts exhibited that fasciolocide activity for mice CD1 even at the highest dose thereforefinding the safety of the extracts.展开更多
Fasciola hepatica,an endemic parasite in Turkey,is still a very rare cause of cholestasis worldwide.Through ingestion of contaminated water plants like watercress,humans can become the definitive host of this parasite...Fasciola hepatica,an endemic parasite in Turkey,is still a very rare cause of cholestasis worldwide.Through ingestion of contaminated water plants like watercress,humans can become the definitive host of this parasite.Cholestatic symptoms may be sudden but in some cases they may be preceeded by a long period of fever,eosinophilia and vague gastrointestinal symptoms.We report a woman with cholangitis symptoms of sudden onset which was proved to be due to Fasciola hepatica infestation by an endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.展开更多
Immunologic response to acute hepatitis C is mainly a Th1 response, whereas fasciolopsiasis is associated with a diverse T-cell response. Interferon-alpha has immunomodulatory effects and enhances Th1 immune response....Immunologic response to acute hepatitis C is mainly a Th1 response, whereas fasciolopsiasis is associated with a diverse T-cell response. Interferon-alpha has immunomodulatory effects and enhances Th1 immune response. Fasciola infection could theoretically interfere with the Th1 immune response, even when acquired after an initial response to interferon-alpha treatment for acute hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection. We report here the case of a male patient who acquired Fasciola hepatica infection after an initial response to IFN-alpha therapy with a favorable outcome.展开更多
In the process of sheep breeding, disease prevention and control is an essential management content. Clonorchiasis hepatica, as an easily occurring parasitic disease, will cause serious harm to the growth of sheep, re...In the process of sheep breeding, disease prevention and control is an essential management content. Clonorchiasis hepatica, as an easily occurring parasitic disease, will cause serious harm to the growth of sheep, resulting in poor development of sheep, reduced production capacity, poor physique, and even death when serious, thus affecting the long-term development of the whole breeding industry. For the regional breeding industry, in order to ensure the maximum benefit of sheep breeding, create favorable conditions for the healthy growth of sheep and improve the level of disease prevention and control, it is necessary to fully combine with the actual situation of regional breeding, construct a perfect disease prevention and control mechanism from various aspects, deeply analyze the causes and characteristics of the disease, and take targeted treatment measures to ensure the good development of the whole growth process of sheep, so as to maximize the breeding benefit.展开更多
为了解西藏自治区拉萨市尼木县和当雄县牛羊前后盘吸虫和肝片吸虫的感染情况及感染风险因素,试验于2018年5月份—2021年7月份采集尼木县、当雄县部分农户养殖的牛羊粪便样本1 335份,采用虫卵沉淀法对吸虫虫卵进行鉴定,采用虫卵计数法统...为了解西藏自治区拉萨市尼木县和当雄县牛羊前后盘吸虫和肝片吸虫的感染情况及感染风险因素,试验于2018年5月份—2021年7月份采集尼木县、当雄县部分农户养殖的牛羊粪便样本1 335份,采用虫卵沉淀法对吸虫虫卵进行鉴定,采用虫卵计数法统计每克粪便中的虫卵数(eggs per gram of feces, EPG),计算检出率,采用卡方检验分析不同季节、年龄、年份、性别、地区和畜种前后盘吸虫和肝片吸虫的检出率是否具有统计学差异,分别以牛羊是否感染前后盘吸虫和肝片吸虫为因变量、以具有统计学差异的因素为协变量构建二元logistic回归模型,根据优势比(OR值)和P值筛选前后盘吸虫和肝片吸虫感染的风险因素。结果表明:1 335份粪便样本中,检出前后盘吸虫103份,检出率为7.72%,EPG为10~250个/g;检出肝片吸虫275份,检出率为20.60%,EPG为10~780个/g。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季粪便样本前后盘吸虫的检出率分别为10.91%、10.95%、2.60%、3.60%,肝片吸虫的检出率分别为18.18%、17.66%、20.74%和28.06%;0~3岁、4~6岁、7岁及以上牛羊粪便样本前后盘吸虫粪便检出率分别为4.10%、7.63%和11.98%,肝片吸虫检出率分别为17.98%、55.84%、14.44%;2018,2019,2020和2021年粪便样本前后盘吸虫的检出率分别为4.68%、6.86%、9.57%和5.88%,肝片吸虫检出率分别为20.85%、35.14%、15.43%和2.94%;雄性、雌性牛羊粪便样本前后盘吸虫检出率分别为7.14%和8.19%,肝片吸虫检出率分别为20.10%和21.01%;尼木县、当雄县粪便样本前后盘吸虫检出率分别为4.24%和9.08%,肝片吸虫检出率分别为14.32%和23.07%;牦牛、绵羊、山羊粪便样本前后盘吸虫检出率分别为10.58%、7.07%和4.24%,肝片吸虫检出率分别为12.96%、36.59%和14.32%。经卡方检验发现,季节、年龄、地区、畜种对前后盘吸虫检出率具有极显著影响(P<0.01),季节、年龄、年份、地区、畜种对肝片吸虫检出率具有极显著影响(P<0.01)。经二元logistic回归分析发现,前后盘吸虫感染的风险因素为季节、年龄和地区,肝片吸虫感染的风险因素为地区。说明牛羊前后盘吸虫感染高峰期为春夏季,7岁及以上最为易感;当雄县两种吸虫检出率均较高。建议结合风险因素,有针对性地制订防控策略,从而有效降低前后盘吸虫和肝片吸虫的感染风险。展开更多
Background:Fasciola hepatica is a foodborne trematode present worldwide.Definitive hosts are mostly ruminants such as cattle and sheep,as well as humans.In Switzerland,Fasciola infection in humans is rare.Unfortunatel...Background:Fasciola hepatica is a foodborne trematode present worldwide.Definitive hosts are mostly ruminants such as cattle and sheep,as well as humans.In Switzerland,Fasciola infection in humans is rare.Unfortunately,many patients are likely to undergo multiple unnecessary investigations before the parasite is suspected and fascioliasis diagnosed,especially if symptoms are unspecific.Methods:Retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed with Fasciola hepatica at the University Hospital of Bern between 2005 and 2018.Diagnosis was positive if a positive serology and/or eggs in stool samples correlated with clinical presentation(symptoms and/or imaging).Patients were excluded if serology was weakly positive and another diagnosis more likely.Personal data,laboratory results,imaging,proposed treatment and outcome were collected from patient files.Results:Sixty patients had a positive serology during this time period.Forty-seven of them had a more plausible alternative diagnosis and were not included in the study,leaving 13 patients for analyses;46.2%(6/13)were male,mean age was 45.8 years old(range,17-80 years old).Four patients(4/13,30.8%)were asymptomatic,nine(9/13,69.2%)presented with symptoms ranging from right upper quadrant abdominal pain(44.4%)and generalized pruritus(33.3%)to weight loss and night sweats(33.3%).The mean duration of symptoms until correct diagnosis was 8.9 months(range,1-48 months).Five patients(5/13,38.5%)had documented eosinophilia,four(4/13,30.8%)elevated liver enzymes and seven(7/13,53.8%)elevated cholestasis parameters.Mean antibody level on serology was 88 AU/mL(range,3-134 AU/mL).Ultrasound was used most frequently(7/13,53.8%),followed by magnetic resonance imaging(4/13,30.8%),computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(3/13,23.1%).The most common findings were bile duct dilatation,followed by hepatic lesions.Treatment consisted of Triclabendazole 10 mg/Kg.One patient needed a second treatment course for persistent disease.There were no recurrences.Conclusions:With a low incidence of Fasciola hepatica in Switzerland,correct diagnosis is often substantially delayed.Raising awareness among Swiss physicians is paramount,and a higher level of suspicion necessary when confronted with unspecific symptoms or liver imaging,thus avoiding a long delay in diagnosis,as well as unnecessary tests.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic eosinophilic pseudotumor(HEPT)is a rare condition that mimics ma-lignant hepatic tumors,posing significant diagnostic challenges.This case report highlights the importance of considering parasitic infections like Fasciola hepatica(F.hepatica)in the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses,especially in endemic regions,to prevent unnecessary interventions.CASE SUMMARY A 40-year-old female presented with a 1-month history of epigastric pain and significant weight loss.Imaging revealed a hepatic mass,initially misdiagnosed as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Laboratory results showed marked eosinophilia,and histopathological examination confirmed significant eosinophilic infiltration without malignancy.Serological testing identified F.hepatica infection.The patient was treated with a single dose of triclabendazole,leading to complete symptom resolution and normalization of hepatic imaging findings within days.CONCLUSION HEPT due to F.hepatica can closely mimic malignancy;timely antiparasitic treat-ment is crucial for resolution.
文摘The current study was performed to evaluate the liver function status as well as molecular characterization of the recovered worms in rats experimentally infected with F. hepatica. Sixteen male Wister rats aged 30 days were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 8). The first group was infected orally with 15 viable encysted metacercaria of F. hepatica per animal. The other group was kept non-infected (control group). At zero time (before infection), the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 6<sup>th</sup>, 8<sup>th</sup>, 10<sup>th</sup>, 12<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> weeks post-infection (WPI), blood and serum samples were collected via puncture of retro-orbital plexus of veins from each rat. Serum enzyme level (AST and ALT) and total protein were measured, and the serum protein profile was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis. During the period of the experiment, serum ALT and AST activities and serum total globulins significantly increased while serum total proteins and albumin markedly decreased in the infected group. On the 14<sup>th</sup> WPI, the data of the electropherogram showed that globulin fractions (α1-, β- and γ-globulin) levels were significantly increased while α2-globulin was markedly decreased in the infected group. The molecular analysis confirmed the amplification of the ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of F. hepatica recovered from the infected liver of rats with amplicon sizes of 630, 510 and 560 bp, respectively. Sequencing of the amplified ITS gene resulted in the determination of 3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). Also, analysis of the ITS2 gene resulted in obtaining 3 isolates under the accession numbers (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, fasciolosis in the rat model is suitable for routine experimental infections and caused a pronounced liver dysfunction with discharging of the Fasciola eggs in the faeces and the development of adult stages in the bile ducts. Furthermore, molecular techniques are a sensitive tool for the identification and characterisation of the Fasciola parasite.
文摘Capillaria hepatica(C.hepatica) is a parasitic nematode causing hepatic capillariasis in numerous mammals.Ecologic studies showed that the first hosts of C.hepatica were rodents,among which rats had relatively high infection rates,which explains why C.hepatica spreads globally.Anatomical studies showed that the liver was the principal site of colonization by these parasites and physical damage tended to occur.Although C.hepatica might lead to serious liver disorders,relevant clinical reports were rare,because of the non-specific nature of clinical symptoms,leading to misdiagnosis.This review mainly focuses on the biological characteristics and epidemiology of C.hepatica in China and histopathologic changes in the liver,with expectation of gaining a better understanding of the disease and seeking more effective treatment.
文摘Changes of concentrations were studied in water buffaloes and goats infected with Fasciola he-patica on blood NO(nitric oxide) and TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-α). Twenty healthy male castrated water buffaloes of 2 - 3 years old and weighing 300 - 500 kg as well as six goats were confirmed free of fasciolosis by fecal examination and Dot-ELISA. Two studies were conducted using the water buffaloes. In the first experiment, 8 water buffaloes were randomly divided into control group (n = 3) and infection group (n = 5). Each buffalo in the infected group received orally 60 metacercariae of F. hepatica per day for 20 days (total 1 200 metacercariae) to produce a chronic infection. In the second experiment, 12 water buffaloes were randomly divided into infected (n=9) and control group (n = 3). Each buffalo in the infected group was given a single oral dose of 1 600 metacercariae to produce an acute infection. The 6 goats were randomly divided into two infected groups and a control group. The sheep in two infections received a single oral dose of 200 and 500 metacercariae respectively, the control group remained uninfected. Blood NO and TNF-a concentrations of the test animals were measured by a reductive enzyme assay and RIA, respectively. Blood NO concentration in both acutely and chronically infected water buffaloes progressively increased from week 3 post-infection and was significantly greater than that of the control group (P<0. 05) at the 5th week (acute infection) and 7th week (chronic infection), and remaining at higher concentration for the remaining period of the studies. Blood TNF-αconcentrations in both chronically and acutely infected water buffaloes also increased after infection. In the goat experiment, plasma NO concentrations in both infection groups increased from week 3 after infection, and remained higher than that of the control group until the end of the experiment. TNF-α concentrations in goats in infection group 1 and 2 gradually increased after infection and were significantly greater than those of the control group from the 9th to 11th week and from the 11th to 15th week respectively.
基金supported by the Tunisian National Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
文摘Objective: To investigate the potential of anemonin and Clematis flammula(C.flammula) extracts against infective organisms.Methods: The molluscicidal activities of anemonin and C.flammula extracts against Galba truncatula Mull.(Lymnaeidae) and Fasciola hepatica larval stages contaminating this snail in Tunisia were assessed by testing six groups of snails in 250 mL of extracts and aqueous dechlorinated solutions with different concentrations(ranging from 2.5 to 20.0 mg/L) for 48 h.Besides, the antifungal potential of C.flammula leaves and flowers was evaluated by using the diffusion agar and broth dilution methods against four fungal strains: Aspergillus niger, Pythium catenulatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium phyllophilum.Results: As a result, hexane and ethyl acetate flower extracts exhibited significant molluscicidal activities with LC_(50) median lethal concentrations values of 11.87 and 11.65 mg/L, respectively while LC_(50) value of anemonin was 9.64 mg/L after 48 h exposure.The flower extracts showed a larvicidal effect with a deterioration rate exceeding 35.39% where flower ethyl acetate residue gave a deterioration rate of cercariae close to 97%.Moreover, C.flammula extracts were not noxious to the associated fauna survival.All extracts inhibited the growth of P.catenulatum, the leaves and flowers methanolic extracts had the more important fungicide action with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.56 and 3.12 mg/mL together with minimum fungistatic concentrations of 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL respectively.Only flower extracts were active against Rhizoctonia solani with minimum inhibitory concentrations varying between 0.70 and 1.56 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL of minimum fungistatic concentration.Phytochemical tests showed that the antifungal activity may be attributed to the presence of the flavonoids/saponins in the methanolic extracts and the molluscicide effects could be due to the richness of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts on sterols and triterpenoids.Conclusions: This study emphasizes the important molluscicidal and antiparasitic effects of flower ethyl acetate extracts and anemonin compound as well as the considerable antifungal activities of methanolic extracts.These results improve the therapeutic virtues of C.flammula aerial part extracts.
文摘AIM:To identify the characteristic clinical,laboratory and radiological findings and response to treatment in patients with fascioliasis.METHODS:Patients who were diagnosed with Fasciola hepatica infection were included in this prospective study.Initial clinical,laboratory and radiological findings were recorded.All patients were followed until a complete response was achieved or for 6 mo after treatment discontinuation.RESULTS:Fasciola hepatica infection was diagnosed in 30 patients(24 females;mean age:42.6 years) between January 2008 and February 2011.Twentytwo(73%) patients had hepatic phase fascioliasis,5 patients had biliary phase,and 3 patients had biliary phase associated with acute pancreatitis.Of the 8 patients with biliary phase fascioliasis,2 patients displayed features that overlapped with both hepatic and biliary phase.Abdominal pain and right upper abdominal tenderness were the most prominent signs and symptoms in all patients.Eosinophilia was the most prominent laboratory abnormality in both patients with hepatic and biliary phase(100% and 50%,respectively).Multiple nodular lesions like micro-abscesses on abdominal computerized tomography were the main radiological findings in patients with hepatic phase.Small linear filling defects in the distal choledochus were the main endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) findings in patients with biliary phase.Patients with hepatic phase were treated with triclabendazole alone,and patients with biliary phase were treated with triclabendazole and had live Fasciola hepatica extracted from the bile ducts during ERCP.CONCLUSION:Fasciola hepatica infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with hepatic or biliary disease and/or acute pancreatitis associated with eosinophilia.
文摘Action mechanism of blood cell immune response in water buffaloes against acute infection with F. Hepatica was studied. The results showed that after water buffaloes were infected, the total levels of WBC surpassed control group during whole infection period; Eosinophiles (%) of DC were higher than control group at the 2nd week until 19th week, and then dropped and was close to control group; Neutrophiles(%) was low or significantly lower than control group within the 5 - 16th weeks; The total levels of lymphocytes (%) was lower than control group during the whole infection period; T-lymphocytes (%) dropped significantly, but B-lymphocytes(%) had opposite changes from the first week of infection, and they were close to the control group after 11 weeks; RBC-CR] and RBC-IC rosette rates dropped and rose during 2 - 16 and 2-18 weeks, respectively, and then approached the same between both groups. It was suggested that the violent changes of specific and nonspecific immune responses in water buffaloes with acute F. hepatica infection are related with the mechanism against infection with F. hepatica together.
文摘Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease of worldwide distribution affecting mainly cattle and sheep. Its importance lies in the economic losses it produces in the livestock industry. Its control is carried out by using a chemical fasciolicide showing resistance problems and environmental contamination. Looking for an alternative control for this disease the present study was aimed at determining the hexane anti-Fasciola hepatica in the in vitro effect of some plant extracts and the minimum lethal dose of the mentioned extracts. All selected plants were tested in vitro at concentrations of 500, 250, 125 and 50 mg/L):Achilleamillefolium (plumajillo), Artemisiaabsinthium (wormwood), Artemisia mexicana (estafiate), Castelatortuousa (chaparroamargo), Chenopodiumgraveolens (epazote de zorrillo), Gymnospermaglutinosum (popote) Justicia spicigera (muicle), Limpia critridora (cedron), Lippiagraveolens (oregano), Menthapiperita (Mint), Populus alba (alamo) and Thymusvulgaris (thyme). Subsequently proceeded to perform a toxicity study with these fractions in CD1 male mice 10-13 weeks of age, forming groups of 3-5 animals they were administered a single oral dose being (5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 2500 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg) and were kept under observation 20 days, later were sacrificed and a kidney and liver histology was performed, finding the safety of the extracts. To perform the toxicity study with these fractions, groups of five CD1 male-mice were formed, they were treated with oral doses of 5, 50, 500, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg, administered with a cannule. All mice were kept under observation for 20 days. Finally they were sacrificed to perform histology of the kidney and liver in search of possible side effects. Results show that none of the extracts exhibited that fasciolocide activity for mice CD1 even at the highest dose thereforefinding the safety of the extracts.
文摘Fasciola hepatica,an endemic parasite in Turkey,is still a very rare cause of cholestasis worldwide.Through ingestion of contaminated water plants like watercress,humans can become the definitive host of this parasite.Cholestatic symptoms may be sudden but in some cases they may be preceeded by a long period of fever,eosinophilia and vague gastrointestinal symptoms.We report a woman with cholangitis symptoms of sudden onset which was proved to be due to Fasciola hepatica infestation by an endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.
文摘Immunologic response to acute hepatitis C is mainly a Th1 response, whereas fasciolopsiasis is associated with a diverse T-cell response. Interferon-alpha has immunomodulatory effects and enhances Th1 immune response. Fasciola infection could theoretically interfere with the Th1 immune response, even when acquired after an initial response to interferon-alpha treatment for acute hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection. We report here the case of a male patient who acquired Fasciola hepatica infection after an initial response to IFN-alpha therapy with a favorable outcome.
文摘In the process of sheep breeding, disease prevention and control is an essential management content. Clonorchiasis hepatica, as an easily occurring parasitic disease, will cause serious harm to the growth of sheep, resulting in poor development of sheep, reduced production capacity, poor physique, and even death when serious, thus affecting the long-term development of the whole breeding industry. For the regional breeding industry, in order to ensure the maximum benefit of sheep breeding, create favorable conditions for the healthy growth of sheep and improve the level of disease prevention and control, it is necessary to fully combine with the actual situation of regional breeding, construct a perfect disease prevention and control mechanism from various aspects, deeply analyze the causes and characteristics of the disease, and take targeted treatment measures to ensure the good development of the whole growth process of sheep, so as to maximize the breeding benefit.
文摘为了解西藏自治区拉萨市尼木县和当雄县牛羊前后盘吸虫和肝片吸虫的感染情况及感染风险因素,试验于2018年5月份—2021年7月份采集尼木县、当雄县部分农户养殖的牛羊粪便样本1 335份,采用虫卵沉淀法对吸虫虫卵进行鉴定,采用虫卵计数法统计每克粪便中的虫卵数(eggs per gram of feces, EPG),计算检出率,采用卡方检验分析不同季节、年龄、年份、性别、地区和畜种前后盘吸虫和肝片吸虫的检出率是否具有统计学差异,分别以牛羊是否感染前后盘吸虫和肝片吸虫为因变量、以具有统计学差异的因素为协变量构建二元logistic回归模型,根据优势比(OR值)和P值筛选前后盘吸虫和肝片吸虫感染的风险因素。结果表明:1 335份粪便样本中,检出前后盘吸虫103份,检出率为7.72%,EPG为10~250个/g;检出肝片吸虫275份,检出率为20.60%,EPG为10~780个/g。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季粪便样本前后盘吸虫的检出率分别为10.91%、10.95%、2.60%、3.60%,肝片吸虫的检出率分别为18.18%、17.66%、20.74%和28.06%;0~3岁、4~6岁、7岁及以上牛羊粪便样本前后盘吸虫粪便检出率分别为4.10%、7.63%和11.98%,肝片吸虫检出率分别为17.98%、55.84%、14.44%;2018,2019,2020和2021年粪便样本前后盘吸虫的检出率分别为4.68%、6.86%、9.57%和5.88%,肝片吸虫检出率分别为20.85%、35.14%、15.43%和2.94%;雄性、雌性牛羊粪便样本前后盘吸虫检出率分别为7.14%和8.19%,肝片吸虫检出率分别为20.10%和21.01%;尼木县、当雄县粪便样本前后盘吸虫检出率分别为4.24%和9.08%,肝片吸虫检出率分别为14.32%和23.07%;牦牛、绵羊、山羊粪便样本前后盘吸虫检出率分别为10.58%、7.07%和4.24%,肝片吸虫检出率分别为12.96%、36.59%和14.32%。经卡方检验发现,季节、年龄、地区、畜种对前后盘吸虫检出率具有极显著影响(P<0.01),季节、年龄、年份、地区、畜种对肝片吸虫检出率具有极显著影响(P<0.01)。经二元logistic回归分析发现,前后盘吸虫感染的风险因素为季节、年龄和地区,肝片吸虫感染的风险因素为地区。说明牛羊前后盘吸虫感染高峰期为春夏季,7岁及以上最为易感;当雄县两种吸虫检出率均较高。建议结合风险因素,有针对性地制订防控策略,从而有效降低前后盘吸虫和肝片吸虫的感染风险。
文摘Background:Fasciola hepatica is a foodborne trematode present worldwide.Definitive hosts are mostly ruminants such as cattle and sheep,as well as humans.In Switzerland,Fasciola infection in humans is rare.Unfortunately,many patients are likely to undergo multiple unnecessary investigations before the parasite is suspected and fascioliasis diagnosed,especially if symptoms are unspecific.Methods:Retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed with Fasciola hepatica at the University Hospital of Bern between 2005 and 2018.Diagnosis was positive if a positive serology and/or eggs in stool samples correlated with clinical presentation(symptoms and/or imaging).Patients were excluded if serology was weakly positive and another diagnosis more likely.Personal data,laboratory results,imaging,proposed treatment and outcome were collected from patient files.Results:Sixty patients had a positive serology during this time period.Forty-seven of them had a more plausible alternative diagnosis and were not included in the study,leaving 13 patients for analyses;46.2%(6/13)were male,mean age was 45.8 years old(range,17-80 years old).Four patients(4/13,30.8%)were asymptomatic,nine(9/13,69.2%)presented with symptoms ranging from right upper quadrant abdominal pain(44.4%)and generalized pruritus(33.3%)to weight loss and night sweats(33.3%).The mean duration of symptoms until correct diagnosis was 8.9 months(range,1-48 months).Five patients(5/13,38.5%)had documented eosinophilia,four(4/13,30.8%)elevated liver enzymes and seven(7/13,53.8%)elevated cholestasis parameters.Mean antibody level on serology was 88 AU/mL(range,3-134 AU/mL).Ultrasound was used most frequently(7/13,53.8%),followed by magnetic resonance imaging(4/13,30.8%),computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(3/13,23.1%).The most common findings were bile duct dilatation,followed by hepatic lesions.Treatment consisted of Triclabendazole 10 mg/Kg.One patient needed a second treatment course for persistent disease.There were no recurrences.Conclusions:With a low incidence of Fasciola hepatica in Switzerland,correct diagnosis is often substantially delayed.Raising awareness among Swiss physicians is paramount,and a higher level of suspicion necessary when confronted with unspecific symptoms or liver imaging,thus avoiding a long delay in diagnosis,as well as unnecessary tests.
