Virtual Globes such as Google Earth TM, revolutionize the way scientists conduct their research and the way the general public use geospatial – related data and information. Improvement in the processing power and st...Virtual Globes such as Google Earth TM, revolutionize the way scientists conduct their research and the way the general public use geospatial – related data and information. Improvement in the processing power and storage capacities of computers, along with the increased Internet accessibility and connectivity, has supported the usage of Virtual Globes technologies. Even more, software releases of freely downloadable Virtual Globes, such as Google Earth and NASA World Wind, has sparked an enormous public interest and increased people’s awareness of spatial sciences.In this study, the Virtual Globes (VG) revolution is discussed and a client - server Graphical User Interface (GUI) application is presented. The developed application enables Google Earth TM Application Program Interface and activates spatial analysis, through enhanced JavaScripts and Visual Basic script codes. The main scope was to present the methodology followed during geological modeling along with the application capabilities when handling with data derived from digitized geological maps and field measurements.展开更多
The scene-rendering mechanism based on binocular vision is one of the key techniques for the VR globe to achieve immersion-type visualization of global 3D scenes.However,this special rendering mechanism also requires ...The scene-rendering mechanism based on binocular vision is one of the key techniques for the VR globe to achieve immersion-type visualization of global 3D scenes.However,this special rendering mechanism also requires that the 3D scene is continuously drawn twice within one frame,which significantly affects the rendering efficiency of VR globes.Therefore,we propose a binocular parallel rendering method.This method first improves the current rendering process of VR globes by assigning the rendering tasks for the left and right camera of VR to be processed on different CPU cores,thereby achieving parallel rendering of binocular scenes.Second,due to the problem of inconsistent resolution of binocular scenes caused by different viewpoints for the left and right cameras,we propose a resolution synchronize algorithm.this algorithm conducts realtime synchronization on the resolution of scene in the rendering process and thus avoids the problem of erroneous binocular stereo matching.Finally,we validate the effectiveness of the method in this paper through experiments.The results of experiments indicate that while the method in this paper can ensure the consistency of binocular scene resolution,it can decrease the frame time of VR globes by approximately 27%on average.展开更多
The combination of virtual reality(VR)and virtual globes–VR globes–enables users to not only view virtual scenes in an immersive manner at any location on Earth but also directly interact with multi-scale spatial da...The combination of virtual reality(VR)and virtual globes–VR globes–enables users to not only view virtual scenes in an immersive manner at any location on Earth but also directly interact with multi-scale spatial data using natural behaviors.It is an important direction for the future development of 3D GIS and geovisualization.However,current VR navigation are primarily based on small real spaces.For virtual globes,which are 3D multi-scale globe environment,the realization of VR navigation in the multi-scale virtual globe space within a limited real space is the first problem that needs to be addressed.A multi-scale VR navigation method that consists of two algorithms is proposed in this study.The first algorithm maps the real space to the virtual globe space and connects the VR user with the VR viewpoint.The second algorithm is an octree structure-based viewpoint correction algorithm that is proposed to correct the location of the moving VR viewpoint in real time.The proposed method is validated by experimentation.The experimental results indicate that the proposed method enables a VR user to interactively view the 3D multi-scale globe environment and lays a foundation for human–computer interaction in VR globes.展开更多
Virtual globes(VGs)allow Internet users to view geographic data of heterogeneous quality created by other users.This article presents a new approach for collecting and visualizing information about the perceived quali...Virtual globes(VGs)allow Internet users to view geographic data of heterogeneous quality created by other users.This article presents a new approach for collecting and visualizing information about the perceived quality of 3D data in VGs.It aims atimproving users’awareness of the qualityof 3D objects.Instead of relying onthe existing metadata or on formal accuracy assessments that are often impossible in practice,we propose a crowd-sourced quality recommender system based on the five-star visualization method successful in other types of Web applications.Four alternative five-star visualizations were implemented in a Google Earth-based prototype and tested through a formal user evaluation.These tests helped identifying the most effective method for a 3D environment.Results indicate that while most websites use a visualization approach that shows a‘number of stars’,this method was the least preferred by participants.Instead,participants ranked the‘number within a star’method highest as it allowed reducing the visual clutter in urban settings,suggesting that 3D environments such as VGs require different designapproachesthan2Dornon-geographicapplications.Resultsalsoconfirmed that expert and non-expert users in geographic data share similar preferences for the most and least preferred visualization methods.展开更多
One of the problems in virtual globes technologies is the real-time representation of vegetal species.In forest or garden representations,the low detailed plants produce a lack of realism.Efficient techniques are requ...One of the problems in virtual globes technologies is the real-time representation of vegetal species.In forest or garden representations,the low detailed plants produce a lack of realism.Efficient techniques are required to achieve accurate interactive visualisation due to the great number of polygons the vegetal species have.This article presents a multi-resolution model based on a geometric representation of vegetal species that allows the application to perform the progressive transmission of the model,that is,the transmission of a simple representation followed by successive refinements of it.It has a hardware-oriented design in order to obtain interactive frame rates.The geometric data of the objects are stored in the graphics processing unit and,moreover,the change from one approximation to another is obtained by performing mathematical calcula-tions in this graphics hardware.The multi-resolution model presented here enables instancing:as many vegetal species as desired can be rendered with different levels of detail,while all of them are accessing the same geometric data.This model has been used to build a real-time representation of a not imaginary scenario.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with visual prognosis in patients with open globe injuries(OGIs)treated at Vietnam National Eye Hospital.METHODS:A prospective observational stu...AIM:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with visual prognosis in patients with open globe injuries(OGIs)treated at Vietnam National Eye Hospital.METHODS:A prospective observational study included patients with OGIs treated between June 2023 and June 2024.Data on demographics,injury features,and clinical findings were extracted from medical records.Poor visual outcome was defined as final best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)worse than 20/400 or no light perception.Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors.RESULTS:Among 509 patients(636 eyes),the mean age was 35.13y(range 20–51y),and 67.6%were male.After treatment,the proportion of eyes achieving≥20/40 increased from 12.6%to 42.1%,while no light perception decreased from 29.1%to 9.4%.Independent predictors of poor visual outcomes included delayed admission[>4h,odds ratio(OR)=3.33,95%confidence intervals(CI):1.76–6.33,P<0.001],Zone III injury(OR=5.90,95%CI:2.85–12.24,P<0.001),wound length>10 mm(OR=2.59,95%CI:1.60–4.18,P<0.001),relative afferent pupillary defect(RAPD,OR=1.65,95%CI:1.03–2.64,P=0.039),endophthalmitis(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.01–3.03,P=0.047),retinal detachment(OR=3.32,95%CI:2.02–5.45,P<0.001),and eyelid lacerations(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.13–3.33,P=0.016)associated with OGIs.Vitreous hemorrhage(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.22–0.89,P=0.023)was associated with better outcomes,and female gender appeared protective.CONCLUSION:Poor visual outcomes remain common after OGIs,despite improve visual acuity in many cases.Several clinical and injury-related factors are strongly associated with prognosis.Early recognition of these predictors can support risk stratification and improve trauma care in similar settings.展开更多
Massive volumes of global geospatial information are being collected by newly designed acquisition devices and generated by various geospatial applications.This poses a critical challenge to efficiently organize and e...Massive volumes of global geospatial information are being collected by newly designed acquisition devices and generated by various geospatial applications.This poses a critical challenge to efficiently organize and effectively integrate global multi-source geospatial information.This paper introduces a global seamless data model for the organization of huge multi-source,multi-resolution and multi-temporal geospatial data.Based on this data model,the management of the global multi-resolution pyramid is discussed in detail.To integrate geospatial data and processing functions from various GIS systems,a service-oriented framework is presented through the technology of Virtual Globe.Finally,a Virtual Globe system,GeoGlobe,is developed and illustrated.展开更多
The starting point of this paper is the idea that a comprehensive understanding of the earth and its systems calls for consideration of bygone views of the world.Creating facsimiles of antique globes in the form of di...The starting point of this paper is the idea that a comprehensive understanding of the earth and its systems calls for consideration of bygone views of the world.Creating facsimiles of antique globes in the form of digital globes provides a new opportunity to make such bygone world views accessible to a wide scientific audience.However,up to now,little practical experience in applying digital technology on globes has been made.Considering these attempts by thorough synopsis,this article deduces a comprehensive approach on virtual representations of antique globes that can be described by the superordinate concept of virtual representation.This concept comprises facilities of data acquisition of the original globe,ways of visualising the digitised globe and its final cartographic preparation.Applications that arise from this procedure are exemplified through both virtual hyperglobes and tactile hyperglobes.New findings on a 16th century earth globe are encouraging results of the presented virtual representation approach,which may offer a sustainable visualisation platform of interdisciplinary research.展开更多
Zhang Bo is a legend in his own right:at the age of 52,he obtained his pilot’s license;at 54,he became the first Chinese citizen to circumnavigate the globe by air;and at 57,he completed his second round-the-world fl...Zhang Bo is a legend in his own right:at the age of 52,he obtained his pilot’s license;at 54,he became the first Chinese citizen to circumnavigate the globe by air;and at 57,he completed his second round-the-world flight.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate clinical characteristics,treatment patterns and long-term quality of life(QoL)among children with retinoblastoma(RB)managed at a single tertiary center in China.METHODS:Totally 62 consecutive patients(...AIM:To evaluate clinical characteristics,treatment patterns and long-term quality of life(QoL)among children with retinoblastoma(RB)managed at a single tertiary center in China.METHODS:Totally 62 consecutive patients(71 eyes)diagnosed with RB were retrospectively reviewed.The mean age at first visit was 22.13±17.87mo;35(56.45%)were male.Unilateral disease occurred in 53 patients(85.48%)and bilateral disease in 9(14.52%).According to the international intraocular retinoblastoma classification(IIRC),eyes were staged as A(n=6),B(n=9),C(n=9),D(n=21),E(n=19),and extraocular(n=7).Treatments followed stagebased indications.QoL at follow-up was assessed using validated pediatric ophthalmic instruments completed by patients and/or parents.RESULTS:The mean follow-up duration was 42.9±6.49mo.Overall survival was 90.32%(56/62),mortality was 9.68%(6/62).The overall globe-preservation rate was 64.79%(46/71),and 71.88%(46/64)for intraocular RB.Eye salvage by IIRC stage was 100%for A–C,71.43%(15/21)for D,and 36.84%(7/19)for E;no eyes were preserved in extraocular disease.Compared with the globe-preservation group,enucleated children had significantly lower scores in appearance,social functioning,and role domains on QoL measures(P<0.05).Across all PedEyeQ domains,children with preserved globes scored higher than those who underwent enucleation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Most children in this cohort present with intermediate-to-advanced disease,which limit eyepreservation opportunities.While survival approached contemporary benchmarks,QoL deficits are most pronounced in appearance,social participation,and role functioning after enucleation.Additionally,parents of children who underwent enucleation often experience heightened anxiety about their child’s vision and social integration.These findings underscore the need for earlier detection and integrated psychosocial support alongside stage-appropriate therapy.展开更多
The postharvest senescence phase of table grapes comprises a series of biological processes.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate downstream genes at the post-transcriptional level;however,whether miRNAs are involved in postharve...The postharvest senescence phase of table grapes comprises a series of biological processes.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate downstream genes at the post-transcriptional level;however,whether miRNAs are involved in postharvest grape senescence remains unclear.We used small RNA sequencing to identify postharvest-related miRNAs in‘Red Globe'(Vitis vinifera)grapes harvested after 0,30,and 60 d of storage at 4℃(RG0,RG30,RG60).In total,42 known and 219 novel miRNA candidates were obtained.During fruit senescence,the expression of PC-3p-3343_1921,mi R2950,miR395k,miR2111,miR159c,miR169q,PC-5p-1112_4500,and miR167b changed signifcantly(P<0.05).Degradation sequencing identifed 218 targets associated with cell wall organization,tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycling,pathogen defense,carbon metabolism,hormone signaling,the anthocyanin metabolism pathway,and energy regulation,of which ARF6,GRF3,TCP2,CP1,MYBA2,and WRKY72 were closely related to fruit senescence.We also verified that VIT_00s2146g00010,VIT_02s0012g01750,and VIT_03s0038g00160 with unknown functions are cleaved by senescence-related PC-5p-1112_4500 via the dual luciferase assay,and the transient transformation of grape berries showed that they regulate berry senescence.These results deepen our understanding of the role of mi RNAs in regulating grape berry senescence and prolonging the shelf life of horticultural products.Based on these results,we propose a new theoretical strategy for delaying the postharvest senescence of horticultural products by regulating the expression of key miRNAs(e.g.,PC-5p-1112_4500),thereby extending their shelf life.展开更多
Objective:This study assessed heat exposure,physiological responses,and the risk of chronic kidney disease among outdoor agricultural workers in Pak Chong,Thailand,and developed a predictive model for Wet Bulb Globe T...Objective:This study assessed heat exposure,physiological responses,and the risk of chronic kidney disease among outdoor agricultural workers in Pak Chong,Thailand,and developed a predictive model for Wet Bulb Globe Temperature(WBGT).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 170 agricultural workers.Field WBGT was measured at 33 locations in April and July and corrected for Clothing Adjustment Factor to determine effective WBGT.Core temperature,skin temperature,heart rate,blood pressure,and body weight were monitored before,during,and after work shifts.Urine dipstick and microalbumin tests were performed to evaluate dehydration and kidney disorder.Workloads were classified according to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH)metabolic rate categories.Meteorological data were used to train machine learning models—including linear regression,decision tree,random forest,and extreme gradient boosting—to predict WBGT values.Results:Effective WBGT at fruit gardens and field crops sites frequently exceeded ACGIH limits for moderateto-heavy work.Workers’systolic/diastolic blood pressure and heart rate increased during work(transient cardiovascular strain)while body temperature remained stable.Post-shift,34.7%showed moderate dehydration;microalbumin screening was positive in 31/170(18.2%)suggesting possible early renal involvement but not chronic kidney disease diagnosis.Among the predictive models,extreme gradient boosting achieved the best performance(root mean square error=0.798℃,mean absolute error=0.576℃,R^(2)=0.81).The most influential predictors were air temperature,sunshine duration,and site-specific factors.Conclusions:Agricultural workers in Pak Chong are frequently exposed to heat stress that exceeds ACGIH standards,predisposing them to dehydration and kidney impairment.The findings support evidence-based preventive strategies such as regulated work–rest cycles,hydration management,and medical surveillance.Moreover,the validated WBGT prediction tool offers a practical approach for real-time monitoring and proactive climate adaptation to protect outdoor workers in heat-prone environments.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries,and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these...AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries,and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these patients.METHODS:A total of 280 patients who underwent ocular trauma surgery between January 2023 and January 2024 were selected through convenience sampling.Data were collected using a custom-designed demographic questionnaire,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CDRISC),the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(C-ERRI),and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C).Univariate analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the factors affecting PTSD in these patients.RESULTS:The average PTSD score for the patients was 33.22±13.48.The scores for individual PTSD dimensions,ranked from highest to lowest,were recurrent traumatic experiences,heightened arousal,avoidance reactions,and social dysfunction.Positive PTSD symptoms were observed in 85 patients(30.36%).Univariate analysis indicated that gender,postoperative vision,marital status,psychological resilience,and rumination were significant factors affecting PTSD symptoms(χ^(2)/t=6.53,17.88,8.83,2.17,and 14.1,respectively;all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between rumination and PTSD symptoms(r=0.73,P<0.01)and a negative correlation between psychological resilience and PTSD symptoms(r=-0.14,P<0.05).Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified postoperative vision(notably eye removal),rumination levels,and psychological resilience(optimism)as major factors influencing PTSD in these patients(R^(2)=0.57,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Young and middle-aged patients with open globe injuries have a high incidence of PTSD.Significant risk factors for early PTSD include primary enucleation,high levels of rumination,and low psychological resilience(optimism).Conversely,patients with good postoperative vision recovery,low rumination levels,and high levels of optimism are less likely to develop PTSD.Healthcare providers should pay special attention to patients who undergo primary enucleation,strive to reduce their rumination levels,and enhance their psychological resilience,thereby promoting a positive and optimistic attitude towards their condition and reducing the incidence of PTSD.展开更多
Dear Editor,We report a relatively safe and effective triple procedure for traumatic aphakia,glaucoma,and mydriasis.Blunt eye trauma can lead to various anterior-and posterior-segment conditions[1],that often occur si...Dear Editor,We report a relatively safe and effective triple procedure for traumatic aphakia,glaucoma,and mydriasis.Blunt eye trauma can lead to various anterior-and posterior-segment conditions[1],that often occur simultaneously.Closed-globe injuries can damage one or more ocular structures.展开更多
文摘Virtual Globes such as Google Earth TM, revolutionize the way scientists conduct their research and the way the general public use geospatial – related data and information. Improvement in the processing power and storage capacities of computers, along with the increased Internet accessibility and connectivity, has supported the usage of Virtual Globes technologies. Even more, software releases of freely downloadable Virtual Globes, such as Google Earth and NASA World Wind, has sparked an enormous public interest and increased people’s awareness of spatial sciences.In this study, the Virtual Globes (VG) revolution is discussed and a client - server Graphical User Interface (GUI) application is presented. The developed application enables Google Earth TM Application Program Interface and activates spatial analysis, through enhanced JavaScripts and Visual Basic script codes. The main scope was to present the methodology followed during geological modeling along with the application capabilities when handling with data derived from digitized geological maps and field measurements.
基金The Nature Science Foundation Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province,China[grant number 2016CFA003].
文摘The scene-rendering mechanism based on binocular vision is one of the key techniques for the VR globe to achieve immersion-type visualization of global 3D scenes.However,this special rendering mechanism also requires that the 3D scene is continuously drawn twice within one frame,which significantly affects the rendering efficiency of VR globes.Therefore,we propose a binocular parallel rendering method.This method first improves the current rendering process of VR globes by assigning the rendering tasks for the left and right camera of VR to be processed on different CPU cores,thereby achieving parallel rendering of binocular scenes.Second,due to the problem of inconsistent resolution of binocular scenes caused by different viewpoints for the left and right cameras,we propose a resolution synchronize algorithm.this algorithm conducts realtime synchronization on the resolution of scene in the rendering process and thus avoids the problem of erroneous binocular stereo matching.Finally,we validate the effectiveness of the method in this paper through experiments.The results of experiments indicate that while the method in this paper can ensure the consistency of binocular scene resolution,it can decrease the frame time of VR globes by approximately 27%on average.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China:[grant number 2017YFB0503703]The Nature Science Foundation Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province,China:[grant number 2016CFA003].
文摘The combination of virtual reality(VR)and virtual globes–VR globes–enables users to not only view virtual scenes in an immersive manner at any location on Earth but also directly interact with multi-scale spatial data using natural behaviors.It is an important direction for the future development of 3D GIS and geovisualization.However,current VR navigation are primarily based on small real spaces.For virtual globes,which are 3D multi-scale globe environment,the realization of VR navigation in the multi-scale virtual globe space within a limited real space is the first problem that needs to be addressed.A multi-scale VR navigation method that consists of two algorithms is proposed in this study.The first algorithm maps the real space to the virtual globe space and connects the VR user with the VR viewpoint.The second algorithm is an octree structure-based viewpoint correction algorithm that is proposed to correct the location of the moving VR viewpoint in real time.The proposed method is validated by experimentation.The experimental results indicate that the proposed method enables a VR user to interactively view the 3D multi-scale globe environment and lays a foundation for human–computer interaction in VR globes.
文摘Virtual globes(VGs)allow Internet users to view geographic data of heterogeneous quality created by other users.This article presents a new approach for collecting and visualizing information about the perceived quality of 3D data in VGs.It aims atimproving users’awareness of the qualityof 3D objects.Instead of relying onthe existing metadata or on formal accuracy assessments that are often impossible in practice,we propose a crowd-sourced quality recommender system based on the five-star visualization method successful in other types of Web applications.Four alternative five-star visualizations were implemented in a Google Earth-based prototype and tested through a formal user evaluation.These tests helped identifying the most effective method for a 3D environment.Results indicate that while most websites use a visualization approach that shows a‘number of stars’,this method was the least preferred by participants.Instead,participants ranked the‘number within a star’method highest as it allowed reducing the visual clutter in urban settings,suggesting that 3D environments such as VGs require different designapproachesthan2Dornon-geographicapplications.Resultsalsoconfirmed that expert and non-expert users in geographic data share similar preferences for the most and least preferred visualization methods.
基金This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology(Project TIN2010-21089-C03-03)Feder Funds and Generalitat Valenciana(Project PROMETEO/2010/028).
文摘One of the problems in virtual globes technologies is the real-time representation of vegetal species.In forest or garden representations,the low detailed plants produce a lack of realism.Efficient techniques are required to achieve accurate interactive visualisation due to the great number of polygons the vegetal species have.This article presents a multi-resolution model based on a geometric representation of vegetal species that allows the application to perform the progressive transmission of the model,that is,the transmission of a simple representation followed by successive refinements of it.It has a hardware-oriented design in order to obtain interactive frame rates.The geometric data of the objects are stored in the graphics processing unit and,moreover,the change from one approximation to another is obtained by performing mathematical calcula-tions in this graphics hardware.The multi-resolution model presented here enables instancing:as many vegetal species as desired can be rendered with different levels of detail,while all of them are accessing the same geometric data.This model has been used to build a real-time representation of a not imaginary scenario.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with visual prognosis in patients with open globe injuries(OGIs)treated at Vietnam National Eye Hospital.METHODS:A prospective observational study included patients with OGIs treated between June 2023 and June 2024.Data on demographics,injury features,and clinical findings were extracted from medical records.Poor visual outcome was defined as final best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)worse than 20/400 or no light perception.Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors.RESULTS:Among 509 patients(636 eyes),the mean age was 35.13y(range 20–51y),and 67.6%were male.After treatment,the proportion of eyes achieving≥20/40 increased from 12.6%to 42.1%,while no light perception decreased from 29.1%to 9.4%.Independent predictors of poor visual outcomes included delayed admission[>4h,odds ratio(OR)=3.33,95%confidence intervals(CI):1.76–6.33,P<0.001],Zone III injury(OR=5.90,95%CI:2.85–12.24,P<0.001),wound length>10 mm(OR=2.59,95%CI:1.60–4.18,P<0.001),relative afferent pupillary defect(RAPD,OR=1.65,95%CI:1.03–2.64,P=0.039),endophthalmitis(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.01–3.03,P=0.047),retinal detachment(OR=3.32,95%CI:2.02–5.45,P<0.001),and eyelid lacerations(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.13–3.33,P=0.016)associated with OGIs.Vitreous hemorrhage(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.22–0.89,P=0.023)was associated with better outcomes,and female gender appeared protective.CONCLUSION:Poor visual outcomes remain common after OGIs,despite improve visual acuity in many cases.Several clinical and injury-related factors are strongly associated with prognosis.Early recognition of these predictors can support risk stratification and improve trauma care in similar settings.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40801163)the Innovation Research Group of NSFC (Grant No.40721001)the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program)(Grant No.2006CB701304)
文摘Massive volumes of global geospatial information are being collected by newly designed acquisition devices and generated by various geospatial applications.This poses a critical challenge to efficiently organize and effectively integrate global multi-source geospatial information.This paper introduces a global seamless data model for the organization of huge multi-source,multi-resolution and multi-temporal geospatial data.Based on this data model,the management of the global multi-resolution pyramid is discussed in detail.To integrate geospatial data and processing functions from various GIS systems,a service-oriented framework is presented through the technology of Virtual Globe.Finally,a Virtual Globe system,GeoGlobe,is developed and illustrated.
文摘The starting point of this paper is the idea that a comprehensive understanding of the earth and its systems calls for consideration of bygone views of the world.Creating facsimiles of antique globes in the form of digital globes provides a new opportunity to make such bygone world views accessible to a wide scientific audience.However,up to now,little practical experience in applying digital technology on globes has been made.Considering these attempts by thorough synopsis,this article deduces a comprehensive approach on virtual representations of antique globes that can be described by the superordinate concept of virtual representation.This concept comprises facilities of data acquisition of the original globe,ways of visualising the digitised globe and its final cartographic preparation.Applications that arise from this procedure are exemplified through both virtual hyperglobes and tactile hyperglobes.New findings on a 16th century earth globe are encouraging results of the presented virtual representation approach,which may offer a sustainable visualisation platform of interdisciplinary research.
文摘Zhang Bo is a legend in his own right:at the age of 52,he obtained his pilot’s license;at 54,he became the first Chinese citizen to circumnavigate the globe by air;and at 57,he completed his second round-the-world flight.
基金Supported by The Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2022BCA044)The Key Scientific Research Program of Health Commission of Hubei Province(No.WJ2023Z006).
文摘AIM:To evaluate clinical characteristics,treatment patterns and long-term quality of life(QoL)among children with retinoblastoma(RB)managed at a single tertiary center in China.METHODS:Totally 62 consecutive patients(71 eyes)diagnosed with RB were retrospectively reviewed.The mean age at first visit was 22.13±17.87mo;35(56.45%)were male.Unilateral disease occurred in 53 patients(85.48%)and bilateral disease in 9(14.52%).According to the international intraocular retinoblastoma classification(IIRC),eyes were staged as A(n=6),B(n=9),C(n=9),D(n=21),E(n=19),and extraocular(n=7).Treatments followed stagebased indications.QoL at follow-up was assessed using validated pediatric ophthalmic instruments completed by patients and/or parents.RESULTS:The mean follow-up duration was 42.9±6.49mo.Overall survival was 90.32%(56/62),mortality was 9.68%(6/62).The overall globe-preservation rate was 64.79%(46/71),and 71.88%(46/64)for intraocular RB.Eye salvage by IIRC stage was 100%for A–C,71.43%(15/21)for D,and 36.84%(7/19)for E;no eyes were preserved in extraocular disease.Compared with the globe-preservation group,enucleated children had significantly lower scores in appearance,social functioning,and role domains on QoL measures(P<0.05).Across all PedEyeQ domains,children with preserved globes scored higher than those who underwent enucleation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Most children in this cohort present with intermediate-to-advanced disease,which limit eyepreservation opportunities.While survival approached contemporary benchmarks,QoL deficits are most pronounced in appearance,social participation,and role functioning after enucleation.Additionally,parents of children who underwent enucleation often experience heightened anxiety about their child’s vision and social integration.These findings underscore the need for earlier detection and integrated psychosocial support alongside stage-appropriate therapy.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia,China(2024AAC02039)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Leadership Talent Program of Ningxia,China(2022GKLRLX07)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260727 and 32371924)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-29-zp-6)。
文摘The postharvest senescence phase of table grapes comprises a series of biological processes.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate downstream genes at the post-transcriptional level;however,whether miRNAs are involved in postharvest grape senescence remains unclear.We used small RNA sequencing to identify postharvest-related miRNAs in‘Red Globe'(Vitis vinifera)grapes harvested after 0,30,and 60 d of storage at 4℃(RG0,RG30,RG60).In total,42 known and 219 novel miRNA candidates were obtained.During fruit senescence,the expression of PC-3p-3343_1921,mi R2950,miR395k,miR2111,miR159c,miR169q,PC-5p-1112_4500,and miR167b changed signifcantly(P<0.05).Degradation sequencing identifed 218 targets associated with cell wall organization,tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycling,pathogen defense,carbon metabolism,hormone signaling,the anthocyanin metabolism pathway,and energy regulation,of which ARF6,GRF3,TCP2,CP1,MYBA2,and WRKY72 were closely related to fruit senescence.We also verified that VIT_00s2146g00010,VIT_02s0012g01750,and VIT_03s0038g00160 with unknown functions are cleaved by senescence-related PC-5p-1112_4500 via the dual luciferase assay,and the transient transformation of grape berries showed that they regulate berry senescence.These results deepen our understanding of the role of mi RNAs in regulating grape berry senescence and prolonging the shelf life of horticultural products.Based on these results,we propose a new theoretical strategy for delaying the postharvest senescence of horticultural products by regulating the expression of key miRNAs(e.g.,PC-5p-1112_4500),thereby extending their shelf life.
基金supported by Suranaree University of Technology,the National Science,Research and Innovation Fundthe Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation,Fiscal Year 2024.
文摘Objective:This study assessed heat exposure,physiological responses,and the risk of chronic kidney disease among outdoor agricultural workers in Pak Chong,Thailand,and developed a predictive model for Wet Bulb Globe Temperature(WBGT).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 170 agricultural workers.Field WBGT was measured at 33 locations in April and July and corrected for Clothing Adjustment Factor to determine effective WBGT.Core temperature,skin temperature,heart rate,blood pressure,and body weight were monitored before,during,and after work shifts.Urine dipstick and microalbumin tests were performed to evaluate dehydration and kidney disorder.Workloads were classified according to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH)metabolic rate categories.Meteorological data were used to train machine learning models—including linear regression,decision tree,random forest,and extreme gradient boosting—to predict WBGT values.Results:Effective WBGT at fruit gardens and field crops sites frequently exceeded ACGIH limits for moderateto-heavy work.Workers’systolic/diastolic blood pressure and heart rate increased during work(transient cardiovascular strain)while body temperature remained stable.Post-shift,34.7%showed moderate dehydration;microalbumin screening was positive in 31/170(18.2%)suggesting possible early renal involvement but not chronic kidney disease diagnosis.Among the predictive models,extreme gradient boosting achieved the best performance(root mean square error=0.798℃,mean absolute error=0.576℃,R^(2)=0.81).The most influential predictors were air temperature,sunshine duration,and site-specific factors.Conclusions:Agricultural workers in Pak Chong are frequently exposed to heat stress that exceeds ACGIH standards,predisposing them to dehydration and kidney impairment.The findings support evidence-based preventive strategies such as regulated work–rest cycles,hydration management,and medical surveillance.Moreover,the validated WBGT prediction tool offers a practical approach for real-time monitoring and proactive climate adaptation to protect outdoor workers in heat-prone environments.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries,and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these patients.METHODS:A total of 280 patients who underwent ocular trauma surgery between January 2023 and January 2024 were selected through convenience sampling.Data were collected using a custom-designed demographic questionnaire,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CDRISC),the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(C-ERRI),and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C).Univariate analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the factors affecting PTSD in these patients.RESULTS:The average PTSD score for the patients was 33.22±13.48.The scores for individual PTSD dimensions,ranked from highest to lowest,were recurrent traumatic experiences,heightened arousal,avoidance reactions,and social dysfunction.Positive PTSD symptoms were observed in 85 patients(30.36%).Univariate analysis indicated that gender,postoperative vision,marital status,psychological resilience,and rumination were significant factors affecting PTSD symptoms(χ^(2)/t=6.53,17.88,8.83,2.17,and 14.1,respectively;all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between rumination and PTSD symptoms(r=0.73,P<0.01)and a negative correlation between psychological resilience and PTSD symptoms(r=-0.14,P<0.05).Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified postoperative vision(notably eye removal),rumination levels,and psychological resilience(optimism)as major factors influencing PTSD in these patients(R^(2)=0.57,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Young and middle-aged patients with open globe injuries have a high incidence of PTSD.Significant risk factors for early PTSD include primary enucleation,high levels of rumination,and low psychological resilience(optimism).Conversely,patients with good postoperative vision recovery,low rumination levels,and high levels of optimism are less likely to develop PTSD.Healthcare providers should pay special attention to patients who undergo primary enucleation,strive to reduce their rumination levels,and enhance their psychological resilience,thereby promoting a positive and optimistic attitude towards their condition and reducing the incidence of PTSD.
文摘Dear Editor,We report a relatively safe and effective triple procedure for traumatic aphakia,glaucoma,and mydriasis.Blunt eye trauma can lead to various anterior-and posterior-segment conditions[1],that often occur simultaneously.Closed-globe injuries can damage one or more ocular structures.
