针对现有商品泡沫驱油剂在高温高盐低渗透油藏中起泡量少、泡沫在多孔介质中稳定性差、驱油效率不高的实际问题,通过醚化、季铵化和取代反应,合成了两种非对称两性Gemini表面活性剂(PAHC和PAOC)作为CO_(2)泡沫驱的起泡剂,将合成的产物...针对现有商品泡沫驱油剂在高温高盐低渗透油藏中起泡量少、泡沫在多孔介质中稳定性差、驱油效率不高的实际问题,通过醚化、季铵化和取代反应,合成了两种非对称两性Gemini表面活性剂(PAHC和PAOC)作为CO_(2)泡沫驱的起泡剂,将合成的产物作为主起泡剂构建一种CO_(2)泡沫驱油体系,评价了该体系的界面活性、耐温耐剪切性、黏弹性、泡沫性能等,并进行了驱替实验。结果表明,PAHC和PAOC的临界胶束浓度c_(cmc)分别为6.76×10^(-5)和5.25×10^(-5)mol/L,对应的表面张力γ_(cmc)分别为31.56和30.71 m N/m。PAHC和PAOC的Krafft点分别低于0℃、1℃。在江苏油田采油二厂高21-3井组油藏温度为80℃、矿化度为7704 mg/L条件下,在恒定剪切速率170 s^(-1)时,0.4%PAHC(或PAOC)+0.1%水杨酸钠+0.1%姜磺素接枝马来酸酐共聚物的PAHC-C_(16)S、PAOC-C_(18)S泡沫体系,耐温分别为81℃和88℃,黏度分别可稳定在6.2和6.4 m Pa·s,具有良好的注入性和黏弹性。PAHC-C_(16)S、PAOC-C_(18)S泡沫体系分别可将油水界面张力降至2.37×10^(-2)和1.81×10^(-2)m N/m。PAOC-C_(18)S泡沫抗温性、抗盐性略好于PAHC-C_(16)S泡沫,能满足江苏油田采油二厂高21-3井组CO_(2)泡沫驱要求。岩心驱油实验结果显示,PAHC-C_(16)S和PAOC-C_(18)S起泡体系分别在CO_(2)驱基础上提高平均采收率20.12百分点和21.91百分点,可见两种起泡体系具有良好的应用前景。展开更多
Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Resear...Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021.From(a),the results suggest that Gemini 1.5 Flash,unlike ChatGPT 4o-mini,may work better when fed with a PDF or article full text,rather than just the title and abstract.From(b),Gemini 1.5 Flash seems to be marginally less able to predict an article’s research quality(using a departmental quality proxy indicator)than ChatGPT 4o-mini,although the differences are small,and both have similar disciplinary variations in this ability.Averaging multiple runs of Gemini 1.5 Flash improves the scores.展开更多
文摘针对现有商品泡沫驱油剂在高温高盐低渗透油藏中起泡量少、泡沫在多孔介质中稳定性差、驱油效率不高的实际问题,通过醚化、季铵化和取代反应,合成了两种非对称两性Gemini表面活性剂(PAHC和PAOC)作为CO_(2)泡沫驱的起泡剂,将合成的产物作为主起泡剂构建一种CO_(2)泡沫驱油体系,评价了该体系的界面活性、耐温耐剪切性、黏弹性、泡沫性能等,并进行了驱替实验。结果表明,PAHC和PAOC的临界胶束浓度c_(cmc)分别为6.76×10^(-5)和5.25×10^(-5)mol/L,对应的表面张力γ_(cmc)分别为31.56和30.71 m N/m。PAHC和PAOC的Krafft点分别低于0℃、1℃。在江苏油田采油二厂高21-3井组油藏温度为80℃、矿化度为7704 mg/L条件下,在恒定剪切速率170 s^(-1)时,0.4%PAHC(或PAOC)+0.1%水杨酸钠+0.1%姜磺素接枝马来酸酐共聚物的PAHC-C_(16)S、PAOC-C_(18)S泡沫体系,耐温分别为81℃和88℃,黏度分别可稳定在6.2和6.4 m Pa·s,具有良好的注入性和黏弹性。PAHC-C_(16)S、PAOC-C_(18)S泡沫体系分别可将油水界面张力降至2.37×10^(-2)和1.81×10^(-2)m N/m。PAOC-C_(18)S泡沫抗温性、抗盐性略好于PAHC-C_(16)S泡沫,能满足江苏油田采油二厂高21-3井组CO_(2)泡沫驱要求。岩心驱油实验结果显示,PAHC-C_(16)S和PAOC-C_(18)S起泡体系分别在CO_(2)驱基础上提高平均采收率20.12百分点和21.91百分点,可见两种起泡体系具有良好的应用前景。
文摘Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021.From(a),the results suggest that Gemini 1.5 Flash,unlike ChatGPT 4o-mini,may work better when fed with a PDF or article full text,rather than just the title and abstract.From(b),Gemini 1.5 Flash seems to be marginally less able to predict an article’s research quality(using a departmental quality proxy indicator)than ChatGPT 4o-mini,although the differences are small,and both have similar disciplinary variations in this ability.Averaging multiple runs of Gemini 1.5 Flash improves the scores.
