Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery(LECS)is a hybrid minimally invasive technique originally developed for treatment of gastric submucosal tumors.Several modifications of LECS—including inverted LECS,non-...Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery(LECS)is a hybrid minimally invasive technique originally developed for treatment of gastric submucosal tumors.Several modifications of LECS—including inverted LECS,non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery,and closed LECS have evolved over a period of time to address the earlier concerns about peritoneal contamination and tumor seeding.These innovations have led to the application of combined laparoendoscopic techniques to several gastrointestinal(GI)lesions such as the duodenum,colon,and rectum.This minireview explores the evolution,current applications,and future potential of laparoendoscopic surgery in GI diseases.展开更多
The additive manufacturing(AM)landscape has significantly transformed in alignment with Industry 4.0 principles,primarily driven by the integration of artificial intelligence(AI)and digital twins(DT).However,current i...The additive manufacturing(AM)landscape has significantly transformed in alignment with Industry 4.0 principles,primarily driven by the integration of artificial intelligence(AI)and digital twins(DT).However,current intelligent AM(IAM)systems face limitations such as fragmented AI tool usage and suboptimal human-machine interaction.This paper reviews existing IAM solutions,emphasizing control,monitoring,process autonomy,and end-to-end integration,and identifies key limitations,such as the absence of a high-level controller for global decision-making.To address these gaps,we propose a transition from IAM to autonomous AM,featuring a hierarchical framework with four integrated layers:knowledge,generative solution,operational,and cognitive.In the cognitive layer,AI agents notably enable machines to independently observe,analyze,plan,and execute operations that traditionally require human intervention.These capabilities streamline production processes and expand the possibilities for innovation,particularly in sectors like in-space manufacturing.Additionally,this paper discusses the role of AI in self-optimization and lifelong learning,positing that the future of AM will be characterized by a symbiotic relationship between human expertise and advanced autonomy,fostering a more adaptive,resilient manufacturing ecosystem.展开更多
During the final of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025,China Standardization interviewed several teams.In these young students,we see stories of their exploration,perseverance and dreams.The...During the final of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025,China Standardization interviewed several teams.In these young students,we see stories of their exploration,perseverance and dreams.The competition has come to an end,but the real journey has just begun:How will this experience change their future pursuit?展开更多
I come from Slovenia,a small but ambitious country from Central Europe.I study at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the University of Ljublgana.I have the privilege of being one of the first young ambassadors o...I come from Slovenia,a small but ambitious country from Central Europe.I study at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the University of Ljublgana.I have the privilege of being one of the first young ambassadors of standardization not only in Slovenia but of this generation across the entire world.展开更多
As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given m...As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given me a deeper appreciation of the importance of people-to-people exchanges between China and Africa.展开更多
In the lush heart of Uganda’s Busoga sub-region,Isaac Imaka is charting a new course for rural development.After seven years in national media,he left the newsroom and stepped into the soil.The former reporter with t...In the lush heart of Uganda’s Busoga sub-region,Isaac Imaka is charting a new course for rural development.After seven years in national media,he left the newsroom and stepped into the soil.The former reporter with the Daily Monitor was driven by the belief that communities like his in Jinja North deserved more than chronic poverty and hand-to-mouth survival.展开更多
Recently, a wide range of food-derived phytochemical compounds and their synthetic derivatives have been proposed for cancer treatment. Unfortunately, data available in related literature focus on the anti-cancer prop...Recently, a wide range of food-derived phytochemical compounds and their synthetic derivatives have been proposed for cancer treatment. Unfortunately, data available in related literature focus on the anti-cancer properties of compounds derived from edible plants, while very little is known about those derived from non-edible plants. And thus, the underlying mechanisms of their anti-cancer effects are yet to be elucidated. This review collates the available data on the anti-cancer activities of six phytochemical-derived compounds from edible and non-edible plants, i.e.展开更多
Gastric cancer currently ranks fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide. In the western world, it is most often diagnosed at an advanced stage, after becoming metastatic at distant sites. Patients with advanced di...Gastric cancer currently ranks fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide. In the western world, it is most often diagnosed at an advanced stage, after becoming metastatic at distant sites. Patients with advanced disease(locally advanced or metastatic) have a somber prognosis, with a median overall survival of 10-12 mo, and palliative chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. In recent years, novel approaches using inhibition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) have demonstrated significant improvements in progression-free and overall survival, compared with chemotherapy alone, in first-line treatment of patients with overexpression of HER2. In addition, both second-line chemotherapy and treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-inhibitor ramucirumab demonstrated significant benefits in terms of overall survival, compared with best supportive care, in randomized studies. Moreover, ramucirumab in combination with chemotherapy demonstrated further significant benefits in terms of progression-free and overall survival, compared with chemotherapy alone, in second-line treatment for patients with metastatic gastric cancer. A recently published molecular classification of gastric cancer is expected to improve patient stratification and selection for clinical trials and provide a roadmap for future drug development. Nevertheless, despite these developments the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer remains poor. In this review we discuss current standards of care and outline major topics of drug development in gastric cancer.展开更多
Although gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(GEP-NENs)have always been considered rare tumors,their incidence has risen over the past few decades.They represent a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms wi...Although gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(GEP-NENs)have always been considered rare tumors,their incidence has risen over the past few decades.They represent a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms with several prognostic factors,including disease stage,proliferative index(Ki67),and tumor differentiation.Most of these neoplasms express somatostatin receptors on the cell surface,a feature that has important implications in terms of prognosis,diagnosis,and therapy.Although International Guidelines propose algorithms aimed at guiding therapeutic strategies,GEP-NEN patients are still very different from one another,and the need for personalized treatment continues to increase.Radical surgery is always the best option when feasible;however,up to 80%of cases are metastatic upon diagnosis.Regarding medical treatments,as GEP-NENs are characterized by relatively long overall survival,multiple therapy lines are adopted during the lifetime of these patients,but the optimum sequence to be followed has never been clearly defined.Furthermore,although new molecular markers aimed at predicting the response to therapy,as well as prognostic scores,are currently being studied,their application is still far from being part of daily clinical practice.As they represent a complex disease,with therapeutic protocols that are not completely standardized,GEP-NENs require a multidisciplinary approach.This review will provide an overview of the available therapeutic options for GEP-NENs and attempts to clarify the possible approaches for the management of these patients and to discuss future perspectives in this field.展开更多
Climate change and the growing world population leading to agriculture and food safety are global challenges facing humanity,while biosensors have long been regarded as one of the powerful tools for providing solution...Climate change and the growing world population leading to agriculture and food safety are global challenges facing humanity,while biosensors have long been regarded as one of the powerful tools for providing solutions.Biosensors can aid in sustainable agriculture by providing continuous monitoring or early detection of disease outbreaks that can be averted.It also plays an important role in monitoring food risk factors such as pesticides,veterinary medications,heavy metals,pathogens,poisons,and illegal additions.Currently,this field includes a series of reviews covering the topic,but surprisingly,there tend to focus more on a single level and ignore the role across the food value chain.In this Perspective,we emphasized on the importance of all sectors from farm to fork for developing better biosensors.展开更多
Reproductive biotechnologies, such as artificial insemination, sperm selection and embryo technologies, offer possibilitiesfor animal producers to increase reproductive efficiency. There have been many significant dev...Reproductive biotechnologies, such as artificial insemination, sperm selection and embryo technologies, offer possibilitiesfor animal producers to increase reproductive efficiency. There have been many significant developments in reproductivebiotechnologies over the last few decades, e.g., in sperm handling and preservation, in vitro embryo production and preservation,sexing and cloning. This review discusses some of the key changes that have occurred and explores their potential for increasing thereproductive efficiency of domestic animals in the future. As a consequence, they also offer opportunities to facilitate or accelerategenetic selection. If properly used, they may contribute to increase the sustainability of animal production. The role of epigenetics ininfluencing phenotype is also considered.展开更多
Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L. and Oryza. glaberrima) is one of the most important food crops in the world. World rice production has increased three times since the green revolution. However, climate change and glo...Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L. and Oryza. glaberrima) is one of the most important food crops in the world. World rice production has increased three times since the green revolution. However, climate change and global warming effects as well as ever increasing world population will require the world to produce more rice without increasing area under rice production in order to meet those demands. The best option to overcome these challenges includes adoption of climate-smart technologies and sustainable solutions to rice production. Rice was probably introduced in Tanzania over 1000 years ago by Asian traders during trade contacts between Asia and East Africa Coast through Indian Ocean. Rice cultivation had been restricted to coastal area until 19th century when it started spreading to interior areas of Tanzania. During colonial period (1880s-1960s), the emphasis was to produce cash crops as raw materials for industrialized world. After independence production of rice increased significantly. Currently, rice is the second most important food crop in Tanzania after maize and Tanzania is the leading producer of rice in East African countries. It ranks 4th and 22nd in Africa and World respectively in terms of rice production. In this paper, the rice history, ecosystems, challenges and future perspective for sustaining rice production in Tanzania is reviewed.展开更多
In weather sciences,the two specific terms“storm”and“cyclone”frequently appear in literature and usually refer to the violent nature of a number of weather systems characterized by central low pressure,strong wind...In weather sciences,the two specific terms“storm”and“cyclone”frequently appear in literature and usually refer to the violent nature of a number of weather systems characterized by central low pressure,strong winds,large precipitation amounts in the form of rain,freezing rain,or snow,as well as thunder and lightning.But what is the connection between these two specific terms?In this paper,the historic evolutions of the terms“storm”and“cyclone”are reviewed from the perspective of weather science.The earliest recorded storms in world history are also briefly introduced.Then,the origin of the term“meteorological bomb”,which is the nickname of the“explosive cyclone”is introduced.Later,the various definitions of explosive cyclones given by several researchers are discussed.Also,the climatological features of explosive cyclones,as well as the future trends of explosive cyclones under global climate change,are discussed.展开更多
To meet the demand for enhanced energy density and improved safety in batteries,anode-free aqueous zinc metal batteries(AF-AZMBs)have garnered significant research interest and attention.Compared with conventional aqu...To meet the demand for enhanced energy density and improved safety in batteries,anode-free aqueous zinc metal batteries(AF-AZMBs)have garnered significant research interest and attention.Compared with conventional aqueous Zn batteries,AF-AZMBs provide higher theoretical energy density,a more simplified structural design,and improved cost-effectiveness.However,AF-AZMBs are confronted with severe capacity degradation and lifespan reduction due to the absence of an excess zinc inventory.In recent years,extensive research efforts have been devoted to addressing these challenges,resulting in significant advancements.Therefore,there is highly warranted for a comprehensive discussion on AF-AZMBs.Herein,this review provides a thorough analysis and in-depth investigation of recent developments in AF-AZMBs from the perspectives of current collectors,electrolytes,and cathodes.Specifically,the working mechanisms and advantageous features of AF-AZMBs are summarized.The major scientific issues affecting capacity degradation and lifespan reduction are discussed,including inhomogeneous Zn deposition/stripping kinetics,unstable SEI layer,and irreversible cathode material loss.Furthermore,the corresponding strategies to address these issues are highlighted,such as anodic current collector design,electrolyte engineering,and cathodic modification.Finally,several promising directions are explored for the future advancement of AF-AZMBs,including developing high-performance Zn-rich cathodes,regulating solid-state electrolytes,and designing dual-electrode-free zinc-metal batteries.Additionally,exploring advanced characterization and analysis techniques and optimizing pouch cells under practical operating conditions are also mentioned,highlighting the urgent need for further research to address existing bottlenecks.展开更多
Ecological network(EN)identification and optimization is an essential research tool for safeguarding regional ecological security patterns and planning territorial space.Especially for the ecologically fragile inland ...Ecological network(EN)identification and optimization is an essential research tool for safeguarding regional ecological security patterns and planning territorial space.Especially for the ecologically fragile inland river basins,EN optimization is of significance in ensuring regional ecological security and virtuous cycle of ecosystems.In addition,EN is a dynamically changing structural system that is more applicable to the regional development by optimizing it from comprehensive future development perspective.EN of Shiyang River basin was constructed on account of the circuit theory,and land use/cover changes(LUCC)of the basin in 2035 was predicted by PLUS model,so as to explore the ecological conservation priorities and formulate optimization strategies.54 ecological sources(ESs)were identified,covering an area of 12,198 km^(2),mainly in the southern basin.133 ecological corridors(ECs)with an area of 3,176.92 km^(2)were extracted.38 ecological pinchpoints(EPs)and 22 ecological barriers(EBs)were identified respectively,which were mainly distributed in the lower basin.To effectively enhance the connectivity of EN in Minqin County,which has the worst ecological environment,we added five stepping stones based on the Ant Forest project.In addition,the optimal EPS is selected according to the development and limitation needs of inland river basins and the threat degree of warning points(WPs)under different scenarios.Scientific and reasonable optimization of future urban layout to prevent WPs can effectively alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development.The study is intended to provide basis for ecological sustainable development and rational planning territorial space in Shiyang River basin,as well as opinion for EN optimization in inland river basin.展开更多
Nine decades ago in 1933,Evarts A.Graham performed the first successful pneumonectomy in a patient with primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma.The patient survived for another 30 years,which drew the curtain on the...Nine decades ago in 1933,Evarts A.Graham performed the first successful pneumonectomy in a patient with primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma.The patient survived for another 30 years,which drew the curtain on the surgical treatment of lung cancer.Surgical resection continues to be the cornerstone of multidisciplinary treatment for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and a proportion of those with locally advanced disease.Moreover,recent years have seen developments in automatic control,biomechanics,robotics,image transmission,artificial intelligence,three-dimensional reconstruction and printing,biological pharmacy,and molecular biology.Therefore,there is now an increasing focus on how to integrate these technologies into lung cancer surgery to improve quality of life,resect the tumor accurately,expand the population that is suitable for surgical management,predict disease recurrence with better accuracy,and ultimately achieve long-term survival.This article systematically reviews the innovative achievements that may be detrimental to current clinical practice and in future clinical trials,and simultaneously provides a brief overview of the polyvagal perspective in this field.展开更多
Climate change is significantly impacting cotton production in the Tarim River Basin.The study investigated the climate change characteristics from 2021 to 2100 using climate change datasets simulated per the coupled ...Climate change is significantly impacting cotton production in the Tarim River Basin.The study investigated the climate change characteristics from 2021 to 2100 using climate change datasets simulated per the coupled model inter-comparison project phase six(CMIP6)climatic patterns under the shared socioeconomic pathways SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5.The DSSAT-CROPGROCotton model,along with stepwise multiple regression analyses,was used to simulate changes in the potential yield of seed cotton due to climate change.The results show that while future temperatures in the Tarim River Basin will rise significantly,changes in precipitation and radiation during the cotton-growing season are minimal.Seed cotton yields are more sensitive to low temperatures than to precipitation and radiation.The potential yield of seed cotton under the SSP2-4.5 scenario would increase by 14.8%,23.7%,29.0%,and 29.4%in the 2030S,2050S,2070S,and 2090S,respectively.In contrast,under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,the potential yield of seed cotton would see increases of 17.5%,27.1%,30.1%,and 22.6%,respectively.Except for the 2090s under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,future seed cotton production can withstand a 10%to 20%deficit in irrigation.These findings will help develop climate change adaptation strategies for cotton cultivation.展开更多
The year 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War.They were a decisive battle between justice and evil,bet...The year 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War.They were a decisive battle between justice and evil,between light and darkness,and between progress and reaction.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)manifestations are prevalent in genetic myopathies,posing significant diagnostic and management challenges.AIM To synthesize evidence on the diagnostic approaches,management strategies,p...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)manifestations are prevalent in genetic myopathies,posing significant diagnostic and management challenges.AIM To synthesize evidence on the diagnostic approaches,management strategies,patient perspectives,and future research directions regarding GI symptoms in genetic myopathies.METHODS A systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines.We searched PubMed,Scopus,EMBASE,and Web of Science from inception to December 2024.Eligible studies reported GI manifestations in genetic myopathies,including clinical evaluations,imaging,physiological tests,histopathology,and genetic analyses.Inclusion criteria encompassed original research studies,review articles,case reports,and clinical guidelines published in peer-reviewed journals.Exclusion criteria included conference abstracts without full-text availability and non-peer-reviewed sources.Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data.They assessed methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies,A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews,and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for case reports.A systematic narrative synthesis was employed to summarize the findings.RESULTS A total of 234 studies met the inclusion criteria.GI manifestations varied widely,with dysphagia,gastroesophageal reflux,abdominal pain,constipation,diarrhea,and fecal incontinence being the most frequently reported symptoms.The included studies highlighted a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach incorporating clinical assessment,imaging,physiological testing,histopathology,and genetic testing.Management strategies ranged from dietary interventions and rehabilitative therapies to pharmacological treatments and surgical procedures.Patient perspectives underscored the significant impact of GI symptoms on quality of life,social interactions,and emotional well-being.The main limitations of the included studies were high heterogeneity in study design,small sample sizes,and the potential risk of bias due to limited methodological rigor in some reports.CONCLUSION This review underscores the complexity of GI manifestations in genetic myopathies and the need for a comprehensive,multidisciplinary management approach.Future research should focus on elucidating molecular mechanisms,identifying biomarkers,and developing targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes.The findings have implications for both clinical practice and public health,emphasizing the necessity of early diagnosis and personalized management strategies.展开更多
文摘Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery(LECS)is a hybrid minimally invasive technique originally developed for treatment of gastric submucosal tumors.Several modifications of LECS—including inverted LECS,non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery,and closed LECS have evolved over a period of time to address the earlier concerns about peritoneal contamination and tumor seeding.These innovations have led to the application of combined laparoendoscopic techniques to several gastrointestinal(GI)lesions such as the duodenum,colon,and rectum.This minireview explores the evolution,current applications,and future potential of laparoendoscopic surgery in GI diseases.
基金funded by the MUREP High Volume project(80NSSC22M0132)through the U.S.NASA Office of STEM Engagementthe SMART IAC Project(DE-EE0009726)through the U.S.Department of Energy Office of Manufacturing and Energy Supply Chainssupport of San Diego Supercomputer Center(SDSC)National Research Platform(NRP)Nautilus sponsored by the U.S.NSF(2100237,2120019)。
文摘The additive manufacturing(AM)landscape has significantly transformed in alignment with Industry 4.0 principles,primarily driven by the integration of artificial intelligence(AI)and digital twins(DT).However,current intelligent AM(IAM)systems face limitations such as fragmented AI tool usage and suboptimal human-machine interaction.This paper reviews existing IAM solutions,emphasizing control,monitoring,process autonomy,and end-to-end integration,and identifies key limitations,such as the absence of a high-level controller for global decision-making.To address these gaps,we propose a transition from IAM to autonomous AM,featuring a hierarchical framework with four integrated layers:knowledge,generative solution,operational,and cognitive.In the cognitive layer,AI agents notably enable machines to independently observe,analyze,plan,and execute operations that traditionally require human intervention.These capabilities streamline production processes and expand the possibilities for innovation,particularly in sectors like in-space manufacturing.Additionally,this paper discusses the role of AI in self-optimization and lifelong learning,positing that the future of AM will be characterized by a symbiotic relationship between human expertise and advanced autonomy,fostering a more adaptive,resilient manufacturing ecosystem.
文摘During the final of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025,China Standardization interviewed several teams.In these young students,we see stories of their exploration,perseverance and dreams.The competition has come to an end,but the real journey has just begun:How will this experience change their future pursuit?
文摘I come from Slovenia,a small but ambitious country from Central Europe.I study at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the University of Ljublgana.I have the privilege of being one of the first young ambassadors of standardization not only in Slovenia but of this generation across the entire world.
文摘As a Burundian doctoral student at Nanjing University,my personal journey is closely intertwined with China’s development in the new era and the deepening China-Africa partnership.Recently,my experiences have given me a deeper appreciation of the importance of people-to-people exchanges between China and Africa.
文摘In the lush heart of Uganda’s Busoga sub-region,Isaac Imaka is charting a new course for rural development.After seven years in national media,he left the newsroom and stepped into the soil.The former reporter with the Daily Monitor was driven by the belief that communities like his in Jinja North deserved more than chronic poverty and hand-to-mouth survival.
文摘Recently, a wide range of food-derived phytochemical compounds and their synthetic derivatives have been proposed for cancer treatment. Unfortunately, data available in related literature focus on the anti-cancer properties of compounds derived from edible plants, while very little is known about those derived from non-edible plants. And thus, the underlying mechanisms of their anti-cancer effects are yet to be elucidated. This review collates the available data on the anti-cancer activities of six phytochemical-derived compounds from edible and non-edible plants, i.e.
文摘Gastric cancer currently ranks fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide. In the western world, it is most often diagnosed at an advanced stage, after becoming metastatic at distant sites. Patients with advanced disease(locally advanced or metastatic) have a somber prognosis, with a median overall survival of 10-12 mo, and palliative chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. In recent years, novel approaches using inhibition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) have demonstrated significant improvements in progression-free and overall survival, compared with chemotherapy alone, in first-line treatment of patients with overexpression of HER2. In addition, both second-line chemotherapy and treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-inhibitor ramucirumab demonstrated significant benefits in terms of overall survival, compared with best supportive care, in randomized studies. Moreover, ramucirumab in combination with chemotherapy demonstrated further significant benefits in terms of progression-free and overall survival, compared with chemotherapy alone, in second-line treatment for patients with metastatic gastric cancer. A recently published molecular classification of gastric cancer is expected to improve patient stratification and selection for clinical trials and provide a roadmap for future drug development. Nevertheless, despite these developments the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer remains poor. In this review we discuss current standards of care and outline major topics of drug development in gastric cancer.
文摘Although gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(GEP-NENs)have always been considered rare tumors,their incidence has risen over the past few decades.They represent a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms with several prognostic factors,including disease stage,proliferative index(Ki67),and tumor differentiation.Most of these neoplasms express somatostatin receptors on the cell surface,a feature that has important implications in terms of prognosis,diagnosis,and therapy.Although International Guidelines propose algorithms aimed at guiding therapeutic strategies,GEP-NEN patients are still very different from one another,and the need for personalized treatment continues to increase.Radical surgery is always the best option when feasible;however,up to 80%of cases are metastatic upon diagnosis.Regarding medical treatments,as GEP-NENs are characterized by relatively long overall survival,multiple therapy lines are adopted during the lifetime of these patients,but the optimum sequence to be followed has never been clearly defined.Furthermore,although new molecular markers aimed at predicting the response to therapy,as well as prognostic scores,are currently being studied,their application is still far from being part of daily clinical practice.As they represent a complex disease,with therapeutic protocols that are not completely standardized,GEP-NENs require a multidisciplinary approach.This review will provide an overview of the available therapeutic options for GEP-NENs and attempts to clarify the possible approaches for the management of these patients and to discuss future perspectives in this field.
基金supported by funding from the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32001787)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Climate change and the growing world population leading to agriculture and food safety are global challenges facing humanity,while biosensors have long been regarded as one of the powerful tools for providing solutions.Biosensors can aid in sustainable agriculture by providing continuous monitoring or early detection of disease outbreaks that can be averted.It also plays an important role in monitoring food risk factors such as pesticides,veterinary medications,heavy metals,pathogens,poisons,and illegal additions.Currently,this field includes a series of reviews covering the topic,but surprisingly,there tend to focus more on a single level and ignore the role across the food value chain.In this Perspective,we emphasized on the importance of all sectors from farm to fork for developing better biosensors.
文摘Reproductive biotechnologies, such as artificial insemination, sperm selection and embryo technologies, offer possibilitiesfor animal producers to increase reproductive efficiency. There have been many significant developments in reproductivebiotechnologies over the last few decades, e.g., in sperm handling and preservation, in vitro embryo production and preservation,sexing and cloning. This review discusses some of the key changes that have occurred and explores their potential for increasing thereproductive efficiency of domestic animals in the future. As a consequence, they also offer opportunities to facilitate or accelerategenetic selection. If properly used, they may contribute to increase the sustainability of animal production. The role of epigenetics ininfluencing phenotype is also considered.
文摘Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L. and Oryza. glaberrima) is one of the most important food crops in the world. World rice production has increased three times since the green revolution. However, climate change and global warming effects as well as ever increasing world population will require the world to produce more rice without increasing area under rice production in order to meet those demands. The best option to overcome these challenges includes adoption of climate-smart technologies and sustainable solutions to rice production. Rice was probably introduced in Tanzania over 1000 years ago by Asian traders during trade contacts between Asia and East Africa Coast through Indian Ocean. Rice cultivation had been restricted to coastal area until 19th century when it started spreading to interior areas of Tanzania. During colonial period (1880s-1960s), the emphasis was to produce cash crops as raw materials for industrialized world. After independence production of rice increased significantly. Currently, rice is the second most important food crop in Tanzania after maize and Tanzania is the leading producer of rice in East African countries. It ranks 4th and 22nd in Africa and World respectively in terms of rice production. In this paper, the rice history, ecosystems, challenges and future perspective for sustaining rice production in Tanzania is reviewed.
基金supports of National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3004200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42275001 and 41775042)to this study.
文摘In weather sciences,the two specific terms“storm”and“cyclone”frequently appear in literature and usually refer to the violent nature of a number of weather systems characterized by central low pressure,strong winds,large precipitation amounts in the form of rain,freezing rain,or snow,as well as thunder and lightning.But what is the connection between these two specific terms?In this paper,the historic evolutions of the terms“storm”and“cyclone”are reviewed from the perspective of weather science.The earliest recorded storms in world history are also briefly introduced.Then,the origin of the term“meteorological bomb”,which is the nickname of the“explosive cyclone”is introduced.Later,the various definitions of explosive cyclones given by several researchers are discussed.Also,the climatological features of explosive cyclones,as well as the future trends of explosive cyclones under global climate change,are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202307)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QE009)。
文摘To meet the demand for enhanced energy density and improved safety in batteries,anode-free aqueous zinc metal batteries(AF-AZMBs)have garnered significant research interest and attention.Compared with conventional aqueous Zn batteries,AF-AZMBs provide higher theoretical energy density,a more simplified structural design,and improved cost-effectiveness.However,AF-AZMBs are confronted with severe capacity degradation and lifespan reduction due to the absence of an excess zinc inventory.In recent years,extensive research efforts have been devoted to addressing these challenges,resulting in significant advancements.Therefore,there is highly warranted for a comprehensive discussion on AF-AZMBs.Herein,this review provides a thorough analysis and in-depth investigation of recent developments in AF-AZMBs from the perspectives of current collectors,electrolytes,and cathodes.Specifically,the working mechanisms and advantageous features of AF-AZMBs are summarized.The major scientific issues affecting capacity degradation and lifespan reduction are discussed,including inhomogeneous Zn deposition/stripping kinetics,unstable SEI layer,and irreversible cathode material loss.Furthermore,the corresponding strategies to address these issues are highlighted,such as anodic current collector design,electrolyte engineering,and cathodic modification.Finally,several promising directions are explored for the future advancement of AF-AZMBs,including developing high-performance Zn-rich cathodes,regulating solid-state electrolytes,and designing dual-electrode-free zinc-metal batteries.Additionally,exploring advanced characterization and analysis techniques and optimizing pouch cells under practical operating conditions are also mentioned,highlighting the urgent need for further research to address existing bottlenecks.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42101276)。
文摘Ecological network(EN)identification and optimization is an essential research tool for safeguarding regional ecological security patterns and planning territorial space.Especially for the ecologically fragile inland river basins,EN optimization is of significance in ensuring regional ecological security and virtuous cycle of ecosystems.In addition,EN is a dynamically changing structural system that is more applicable to the regional development by optimizing it from comprehensive future development perspective.EN of Shiyang River basin was constructed on account of the circuit theory,and land use/cover changes(LUCC)of the basin in 2035 was predicted by PLUS model,so as to explore the ecological conservation priorities and formulate optimization strategies.54 ecological sources(ESs)were identified,covering an area of 12,198 km^(2),mainly in the southern basin.133 ecological corridors(ECs)with an area of 3,176.92 km^(2)were extracted.38 ecological pinchpoints(EPs)and 22 ecological barriers(EBs)were identified respectively,which were mainly distributed in the lower basin.To effectively enhance the connectivity of EN in Minqin County,which has the worst ecological environment,we added five stepping stones based on the Ant Forest project.In addition,the optimal EPS is selected according to the development and limitation needs of inland river basins and the threat degree of warning points(WPs)under different scenarios.Scientific and reasonable optimization of future urban layout to prevent WPs can effectively alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development.The study is intended to provide basis for ecological sustainable development and rational planning territorial space in Shiyang River basin,as well as opinion for EN optimization in inland river basin.
基金supported by grants from the Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund(number SZXK075)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(number SZSM201612097)the National Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital&Shenzhen Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Shenzhen(number E010322008).
文摘Nine decades ago in 1933,Evarts A.Graham performed the first successful pneumonectomy in a patient with primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma.The patient survived for another 30 years,which drew the curtain on the surgical treatment of lung cancer.Surgical resection continues to be the cornerstone of multidisciplinary treatment for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and a proportion of those with locally advanced disease.Moreover,recent years have seen developments in automatic control,biomechanics,robotics,image transmission,artificial intelligence,three-dimensional reconstruction and printing,biological pharmacy,and molecular biology.Therefore,there is now an increasing focus on how to integrate these technologies into lung cancer surgery to improve quality of life,resect the tumor accurately,expand the population that is suitable for surgical management,predict disease recurrence with better accuracy,and ultimately achieve long-term survival.This article systematically reviews the innovative achievements that may be detrimental to current clinical practice and in future clinical trials,and simultaneously provides a brief overview of the polyvagal perspective in this field.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of Xinjiang Construction Corps(No.2024AB064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41975044,42001314)。
文摘Climate change is significantly impacting cotton production in the Tarim River Basin.The study investigated the climate change characteristics from 2021 to 2100 using climate change datasets simulated per the coupled model inter-comparison project phase six(CMIP6)climatic patterns under the shared socioeconomic pathways SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5.The DSSAT-CROPGROCotton model,along with stepwise multiple regression analyses,was used to simulate changes in the potential yield of seed cotton due to climate change.The results show that while future temperatures in the Tarim River Basin will rise significantly,changes in precipitation and radiation during the cotton-growing season are minimal.Seed cotton yields are more sensitive to low temperatures than to precipitation and radiation.The potential yield of seed cotton under the SSP2-4.5 scenario would increase by 14.8%,23.7%,29.0%,and 29.4%in the 2030S,2050S,2070S,and 2090S,respectively.In contrast,under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,the potential yield of seed cotton would see increases of 17.5%,27.1%,30.1%,and 22.6%,respectively.Except for the 2090s under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,future seed cotton production can withstand a 10%to 20%deficit in irrigation.These findings will help develop climate change adaptation strategies for cotton cultivation.
文摘The year 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War.They were a decisive battle between justice and evil,between light and darkness,and between progress and reaction.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)manifestations are prevalent in genetic myopathies,posing significant diagnostic and management challenges.AIM To synthesize evidence on the diagnostic approaches,management strategies,patient perspectives,and future research directions regarding GI symptoms in genetic myopathies.METHODS A systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines.We searched PubMed,Scopus,EMBASE,and Web of Science from inception to December 2024.Eligible studies reported GI manifestations in genetic myopathies,including clinical evaluations,imaging,physiological tests,histopathology,and genetic analyses.Inclusion criteria encompassed original research studies,review articles,case reports,and clinical guidelines published in peer-reviewed journals.Exclusion criteria included conference abstracts without full-text availability and non-peer-reviewed sources.Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data.They assessed methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies,A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews,and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for case reports.A systematic narrative synthesis was employed to summarize the findings.RESULTS A total of 234 studies met the inclusion criteria.GI manifestations varied widely,with dysphagia,gastroesophageal reflux,abdominal pain,constipation,diarrhea,and fecal incontinence being the most frequently reported symptoms.The included studies highlighted a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach incorporating clinical assessment,imaging,physiological testing,histopathology,and genetic testing.Management strategies ranged from dietary interventions and rehabilitative therapies to pharmacological treatments and surgical procedures.Patient perspectives underscored the significant impact of GI symptoms on quality of life,social interactions,and emotional well-being.The main limitations of the included studies were high heterogeneity in study design,small sample sizes,and the potential risk of bias due to limited methodological rigor in some reports.CONCLUSION This review underscores the complexity of GI manifestations in genetic myopathies and the need for a comprehensive,multidisciplinary management approach.Future research should focus on elucidating molecular mechanisms,identifying biomarkers,and developing targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes.The findings have implications for both clinical practice and public health,emphasizing the necessity of early diagnosis and personalized management strategies.
