In order to isolate and identify the pathogens causing Fusarium wilt in bitter gourd in Hainan Province, China, four bitter gourd plants exhibiting symptoms of Fusarium wilt were collected from Tunchang County, Hainan...In order to isolate and identify the pathogens causing Fusarium wilt in bitter gourd in Hainan Province, China, four bitter gourd plants exhibiting symptoms of Fusarium wilt were collected from Tunchang County, Hainan Province. Four pathogen strains （HNTC-01, HNTC-02, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04） were isolated from the four plants, and identified via morphological observation and molecular techniques. The results showed that HNTC--01, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04 were F. oxysporum, while HNTC-02 was F. graminearum. The tests on pathogenicity and host specificity showed that HNTC-01, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04 were F. oxysporum Schl. f. sp. momordicae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HNTC-01, HNTC-03, HNTC-04 were clustered together with 14 strains of F. oxysporum, and HNTC-02 was clustered together with six strains of F. graminearum. In addition, rDNA-ITS region can be used to distinguish different Fusarium species, but can not be used to distinguish different biotypes within a Fusarium species. This study could provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and prevention of wilt in bitter gourd.展开更多
Prema 178 onion variety is widely used in production in Burkina Faso. It is greatly appreciated but susceptible to basal rot. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenic ability of six strains of Fusarium genus identi...Prema 178 onion variety is widely used in production in Burkina Faso. It is greatly appreciated but susceptible to basal rot. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenic ability of six strains of Fusarium genus identified in Burkina Faso on onion. Seeds, seedlings and bulbs were used for the test. A conidial suspension of each strain was made in tubes and adjusted to 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> conidia/ml with distilled water for the different tests. Germination test in the laboratory and greenhouse showed that all treatments with the strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. solani, F. falciforme, F. acutatum, F. proliferatum and F. sp. induced failure to emerge and showed a significant difference with the control. The different strains also induced stunting rates of coleoptile growth. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. acutatum, F. proliferatum, F. falciforme and F. solani were very aggressive, as they recorded above 50% damping-off rates. The test on the bulbs revealed that the strains were classified into two groups. The first consists of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. solani, F. falciforme, F. acutatum, which caused rots with respective lengths from 2.06;1.48;1.84;1.46 and 2.12 cm, thus very aggressive according to Ghanbarzadeh scale. The second is formed by F. proliferatum which recorded 0.90 cm of rot length, thus moderately aggressive. It would be appropriate to suggest a sustainable management method for these pathogens in order to improve the yield of onion production.展开更多
为检测和鉴定引起西藏日喀则地区的辣椒根腐病病原菌种类,2024年7—9月从西藏日喀则白朗县巴扎乡彭仓村、桑珠孜区聂日雄乡盘孔村、江孜县达孜乡德吉村和拉孜县拉孜镇玉哲村4个区域采集了16份辣椒感病植株样品。采用常规组织分离法对发...为检测和鉴定引起西藏日喀则地区的辣椒根腐病病原菌种类,2024年7—9月从西藏日喀则白朗县巴扎乡彭仓村、桑珠孜区聂日雄乡盘孔村、江孜县达孜乡德吉村和拉孜县拉孜镇玉哲村4个区域采集了16份辣椒感病植株样品。采用常规组织分离法对发病部位进行病原菌分离与培养后得到25株病原真菌,利用显微形态学观察将分离物代表菌株分为LJ1、LJ2和LJ3共3类真菌分离物。结合分子生物学方法及系统发育树构建,将LJ1类病原菌鉴定为镰孢菌属茄病镰孢菌,LJ2类病原菌为丝核菌属立枯丝核菌AG-4菌丝融合群的HGⅠ亚群(Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HG-Ⅰ),LJ3类病原菌为镰孢菌属尖孢镰孢菌。采用幼苗刺伤接种法进行病原菌致病性评价,3类真菌分离物均能够侵染辣椒幼苗造成根腐病,且尖孢镰孢菌致病性最强。日喀则各地辣椒根腐病病原菌优势菌有差异,尖孢镰孢菌是优势致病菌,分离频率为52.0%;茄病镰孢菌分离频率为32.0%;立枯丝核菌分离频率为16.0%。西藏日喀则地区的辣椒根腐病是由尖孢镰孢菌、茄病镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌AG-4菌丝融合群的HGI亚群复合侵染导致,茄病镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌AG-4菌丝融合群的HGI亚群均是首次在西藏被分离鉴定。展开更多
Wheat crown rot caused by Fusarium spp. is a common disease worldwide. Both Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium graminearum infect wheat crown and produce mycotoxin leading to grain loss due to white head. F. pseu...Wheat crown rot caused by Fusarium spp. is a common disease worldwide. Both Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium graminearum infect wheat crown and produce mycotoxin leading to grain loss due to white head. F. pseudograminearum （Fp） was reported in wheat from Henan Province of China a couple of years ago. The wheat crown rot （CR） caused by this new pathogen is as an emerging severe disease of wheat, which has recently expanded to several provinces in China and is, therefore, under rapid investigation. Colonization of wheat tissue by Fp is accomplished though the formation of a septated foot-shaped appressoria and generation of a penetration peg to break through the internal cells of leaf sheath. The molecular mechanism by which Fp regulates the pathogenesis on wheat host is unclear. Here, we report FpPDE1, a P-type ATPase-encoding predicted PDE1 orthologue gene of Magnaporthe oryzae, belonging to the DRS2 subfamily of aminophospholipid translocases. The gene deletion of FpPDE1 with the split-marker approach did not obviously affect hyphae growth and conidiation, but led to an attenuated virulence on wheat base stem and root. Our finding indicates that the putative aminophospholipid translocases is not essential for the infectious hyphae development in Fp.展开更多
Soil suppressiveness to Fusarium root rot of soybean had been observed in a black soil field after a long-term fertilization with nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)fertilizer combined with pig manure as organic amendment(NP...Soil suppressiveness to Fusarium root rot of soybean had been observed in a black soil field after a long-term fertilization with nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)fertilizer combined with pig manure as organic amendment(NPM),rather than that with only nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer(NP)or no fertilizer(NF).To determine the microbial role on this suppressiveness,fungal and bacterial community characteristics in NPM,NP and NF treatments were investigated by q PCR and DGGE.Compared with the similar bacterial community characteristics among 3 treatments,fungal community,especially Fusarium population size and community composition in NPM treatment were different with those of NP and NF groups.Based on the isolation and pathogenicity test,pathogenic F.oxysporum,F.graminearum,F.verticillioide and F.lateritium absolutely dominated Fusarium community in NF and NP groups.Nonpathogenic F.avenaceum,F.equiseti,F.culmorum,F.redolens,F.solani and F.tricinctum dominated Fusarium community in NPM group.Isolation rate of pathogenic Fusarium in NPM reduced from 100%to 38%in NF.These results suggested that the dominance of soil non-pathogenic Fusarium population induced by organic amendment might play an important role on suppressing Fusarium root rot in the tested field.展开更多
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxyporum f. sp. cubense(Foc), is the most serious disease affecting banana production.To clarify the distribution of the Foc races in Fujian Province of China, 79 soil samples were co...Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxyporum f. sp. cubense(Foc), is the most serious disease affecting banana production.To clarify the distribution of the Foc races in Fujian Province of China, 79 soil samples were collected from four regions of Zhangzhou City, the primary banana production area in Fujian. We isolated and identified 12 Foc strains based on internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence analysis, PCR amplification by using Foc-specific primers and pathogenicity assays.Our analysis indicated that 11 isolates belong to Foc race 1, and 1 isolate belongs to the Foc tropical species race 4(TR4).Although TR4 has previously been reported to occur in primary banana-producing provinces, such as Hainan, Guangxi,and Guangdong of China, this is the first report of TR4 isolated from the soil in Fujian Province. Monitoring the presence of Foc, in particular, the TR4 strains in the soil, is the basic strategy to prevent and control Fusarium wilt.展开更多
Seeds from maize (Z. mays) plants whose stems received various treatment combinations of pathogen (F. verticillioides) and four antagonists (i.e. Trichoderma harzianum strain 2, T. hamatum, T. pseudokoningii strains 2...Seeds from maize (Z. mays) plants whose stems received various treatment combinations of pathogen (F. verticillioides) and four antagonists (i.e. Trichoderma harzianum strain 2, T. hamatum, T. pseudokoningii strains 2 and 5) in the field were subjected to fumonisin analysis. Three pairing methods were employed for the inoculation of pathogen and the antagonists into stem of the maize plant, viz., “Pathogen inoculated before Antagonist”, “Antagonist inoculated before Pathogen”, and “Antagonist and Pathogen inoculated simultaneously”. Controls include “Inoculation of pathogen alone”, “Inoculation of antagonist alone”, and “Inoculation of sterile toothpicks”. Inoculation method used was the toothpick method. Seeds were harvested five weeks after inoculation and subjected to fumonisin analysis. Resulting data were subjected to ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS. There was a high significance among treatments i.e. there were varying levels of fumonisin occurrence among the treatments and varying Fusarium occurrences within the blocks. Seeds from treatments involving “Inoculating T. pseudokoningii strain 5 alone” and “Inoculating T. harzianum strain 2 alone” had the highest mean fumonisin content (P > 0.01) which were not significantly higher than in control. Seeds from treatments involving “Inoculating T. pseudokoningii strain 5 and pathogen simultaneously” and “Inoculating T. harzianum strain 2 before pathogen” were significantly low in fumonisin content compared to seeds from other treatments. Seeds which received “Inoculation of T. hamatum alone” were also significantly low (P > 0.01) in fumonisin content compared to others. It could thus be said that treatments involving Trichoderma species applied in the maize stem might have an effect on the fumonisin content and hence Fusarium occurrence in the seeds depending on the occurrence pattern of the Trichoderma within the maize stem.展开更多
基金Supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(1630032014019)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601758)Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2016225)
文摘In order to isolate and identify the pathogens causing Fusarium wilt in bitter gourd in Hainan Province, China, four bitter gourd plants exhibiting symptoms of Fusarium wilt were collected from Tunchang County, Hainan Province. Four pathogen strains （HNTC-01, HNTC-02, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04） were isolated from the four plants, and identified via morphological observation and molecular techniques. The results showed that HNTC--01, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04 were F. oxysporum, while HNTC-02 was F. graminearum. The tests on pathogenicity and host specificity showed that HNTC-01, HNTC-03 and HNTC-04 were F. oxysporum Schl. f. sp. momordicae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HNTC-01, HNTC-03, HNTC-04 were clustered together with 14 strains of F. oxysporum, and HNTC-02 was clustered together with six strains of F. graminearum. In addition, rDNA-ITS region can be used to distinguish different Fusarium species, but can not be used to distinguish different biotypes within a Fusarium species. This study could provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and prevention of wilt in bitter gourd.
文摘Prema 178 onion variety is widely used in production in Burkina Faso. It is greatly appreciated but susceptible to basal rot. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenic ability of six strains of Fusarium genus identified in Burkina Faso on onion. Seeds, seedlings and bulbs were used for the test. A conidial suspension of each strain was made in tubes and adjusted to 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> conidia/ml with distilled water for the different tests. Germination test in the laboratory and greenhouse showed that all treatments with the strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. solani, F. falciforme, F. acutatum, F. proliferatum and F. sp. induced failure to emerge and showed a significant difference with the control. The different strains also induced stunting rates of coleoptile growth. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. acutatum, F. proliferatum, F. falciforme and F. solani were very aggressive, as they recorded above 50% damping-off rates. The test on the bulbs revealed that the strains were classified into two groups. The first consists of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, F. solani, F. falciforme, F. acutatum, which caused rots with respective lengths from 2.06;1.48;1.84;1.46 and 2.12 cm, thus very aggressive according to Ghanbarzadeh scale. The second is formed by F. proliferatum which recorded 0.90 cm of rot length, thus moderately aggressive. It would be appropriate to suggest a sustainable management method for these pathogens in order to improve the yield of onion production.
文摘为检测和鉴定引起西藏日喀则地区的辣椒根腐病病原菌种类,2024年7—9月从西藏日喀则白朗县巴扎乡彭仓村、桑珠孜区聂日雄乡盘孔村、江孜县达孜乡德吉村和拉孜县拉孜镇玉哲村4个区域采集了16份辣椒感病植株样品。采用常规组织分离法对发病部位进行病原菌分离与培养后得到25株病原真菌,利用显微形态学观察将分离物代表菌株分为LJ1、LJ2和LJ3共3类真菌分离物。结合分子生物学方法及系统发育树构建,将LJ1类病原菌鉴定为镰孢菌属茄病镰孢菌,LJ2类病原菌为丝核菌属立枯丝核菌AG-4菌丝融合群的HGⅠ亚群(Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HG-Ⅰ),LJ3类病原菌为镰孢菌属尖孢镰孢菌。采用幼苗刺伤接种法进行病原菌致病性评价,3类真菌分离物均能够侵染辣椒幼苗造成根腐病,且尖孢镰孢菌致病性最强。日喀则各地辣椒根腐病病原菌优势菌有差异,尖孢镰孢菌是优势致病菌,分离频率为52.0%;茄病镰孢菌分离频率为32.0%;立枯丝核菌分离频率为16.0%。西藏日喀则地区的辣椒根腐病是由尖孢镰孢菌、茄病镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌AG-4菌丝融合群的HGI亚群复合侵染导致,茄病镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌AG-4菌丝融合群的HGI亚群均是首次在西藏被分离鉴定。
基金financially supported by the National Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201503112)the Basic and Advance Technology Research Program in Henan Province,China(152300410073)the Talent Project of Henan Agricultural University,China(3600861)
文摘Wheat crown rot caused by Fusarium spp. is a common disease worldwide. Both Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium graminearum infect wheat crown and produce mycotoxin leading to grain loss due to white head. F. pseudograminearum （Fp） was reported in wheat from Henan Province of China a couple of years ago. The wheat crown rot （CR） caused by this new pathogen is as an emerging severe disease of wheat, which has recently expanded to several provinces in China and is, therefore, under rapid investigation. Colonization of wheat tissue by Fp is accomplished though the formation of a septated foot-shaped appressoria and generation of a penetration peg to break through the internal cells of leaf sheath. The molecular mechanism by which Fp regulates the pathogenesis on wheat host is unclear. Here, we report FpPDE1, a P-type ATPase-encoding predicted PDE1 orthologue gene of Magnaporthe oryzae, belonging to the DRS2 subfamily of aminophospholipid translocases. The gene deletion of FpPDE1 with the split-marker approach did not obviously affect hyphae growth and conidiation, but led to an attenuated virulence on wheat base stem and root. Our finding indicates that the putative aminophospholipid translocases is not essential for the infectious hyphae development in Fp.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571253,41503068,31770543)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD-2018-87)Initial Scientific Research Fund of Senior Talents in Jiangsu University(15JDG016,15JDG018)。
文摘Soil suppressiveness to Fusarium root rot of soybean had been observed in a black soil field after a long-term fertilization with nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)fertilizer combined with pig manure as organic amendment(NPM),rather than that with only nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer(NP)or no fertilizer(NF).To determine the microbial role on this suppressiveness,fungal and bacterial community characteristics in NPM,NP and NF treatments were investigated by q PCR and DGGE.Compared with the similar bacterial community characteristics among 3 treatments,fungal community,especially Fusarium population size and community composition in NPM treatment were different with those of NP and NF groups.Based on the isolation and pathogenicity test,pathogenic F.oxysporum,F.graminearum,F.verticillioide and F.lateritium absolutely dominated Fusarium community in NF and NP groups.Nonpathogenic F.avenaceum,F.equiseti,F.culmorum,F.redolens,F.solani and F.tricinctum dominated Fusarium community in NPM group.Isolation rate of pathogenic Fusarium in NPM reduced from 100%to 38%in NF.These results suggested that the dominance of soil non-pathogenic Fusarium population induced by organic amendment might play an important role on suppressing Fusarium root rot in the tested field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601583)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (2016J01113)+1 种基金the Young Teacher Education Research Project of Fujian Province, China (JAT160178)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Outstanding Youth Scientific Research Project, China (xjq201625)
文摘Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxyporum f. sp. cubense(Foc), is the most serious disease affecting banana production.To clarify the distribution of the Foc races in Fujian Province of China, 79 soil samples were collected from four regions of Zhangzhou City, the primary banana production area in Fujian. We isolated and identified 12 Foc strains based on internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence analysis, PCR amplification by using Foc-specific primers and pathogenicity assays.Our analysis indicated that 11 isolates belong to Foc race 1, and 1 isolate belongs to the Foc tropical species race 4(TR4).Although TR4 has previously been reported to occur in primary banana-producing provinces, such as Hainan, Guangxi,and Guangdong of China, this is the first report of TR4 isolated from the soil in Fujian Province. Monitoring the presence of Foc, in particular, the TR4 strains in the soil, is the basic strategy to prevent and control Fusarium wilt.
文摘Seeds from maize (Z. mays) plants whose stems received various treatment combinations of pathogen (F. verticillioides) and four antagonists (i.e. Trichoderma harzianum strain 2, T. hamatum, T. pseudokoningii strains 2 and 5) in the field were subjected to fumonisin analysis. Three pairing methods were employed for the inoculation of pathogen and the antagonists into stem of the maize plant, viz., “Pathogen inoculated before Antagonist”, “Antagonist inoculated before Pathogen”, and “Antagonist and Pathogen inoculated simultaneously”. Controls include “Inoculation of pathogen alone”, “Inoculation of antagonist alone”, and “Inoculation of sterile toothpicks”. Inoculation method used was the toothpick method. Seeds were harvested five weeks after inoculation and subjected to fumonisin analysis. Resulting data were subjected to ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS. There was a high significance among treatments i.e. there were varying levels of fumonisin occurrence among the treatments and varying Fusarium occurrences within the blocks. Seeds from treatments involving “Inoculating T. pseudokoningii strain 5 alone” and “Inoculating T. harzianum strain 2 alone” had the highest mean fumonisin content (P > 0.01) which were not significantly higher than in control. Seeds from treatments involving “Inoculating T. pseudokoningii strain 5 and pathogen simultaneously” and “Inoculating T. harzianum strain 2 before pathogen” were significantly low in fumonisin content compared to seeds from other treatments. Seeds which received “Inoculation of T. hamatum alone” were also significantly low (P > 0.01) in fumonisin content compared to others. It could thus be said that treatments involving Trichoderma species applied in the maize stem might have an effect on the fumonisin content and hence Fusarium occurrence in the seeds depending on the occurrence pattern of the Trichoderma within the maize stem.
