Numerical simulations of a two-dimensional laminar forced convection flow adjacent to inclined backward-facing step in a rectangular duct are presented to examine effects of baffle on flow, heat transfer and entropy g...Numerical simulations of a two-dimensional laminar forced convection flow adjacent to inclined backward-facing step in a rectangular duct are presented to examine effects of baffle on flow, heat transfer and entropy generation distributions. The main aim of using baffles is to enhance the value of convection coefficient on the bottom wall. But the useful energy can be destroyed due to intrinsic irreversibilities in the flow by the baffle. In the present work, the amount of energy loss is estimated by the computation of entropy generation. The values of velocity and temperature which are the inputs of the entropy generation equation are obtained by the numerical solution of momentum and energy equations with blocked-off method using computational fluid dynamic technique. Discretized forms of the governing equations in the (x, y) plane are obtained by the control volume method and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Numerical expressions, in terms of Nusselt number, entropy generation number, Bejan number and coefficient of friction are derived in dimensionless form. Results show that although a baffle mounted onto the upper wall increases the magnitude of Nusselts number on the bottom wall, but a considerable increase in the amount of entropy generation number takes place because of this technique. For validation, the numerical results for the Nusselt number and entropy generation number are compared with theoretical findings by other investigators and reasonable agreement is found.展开更多
The experimental investigation is conducted with LDV and hydrogen bubble technique in water flow. The shear layer thickness. the vorticity thickness. the maximulll value of turbulence intensities. the turbulent coher...The experimental investigation is conducted with LDV and hydrogen bubble technique in water flow. The shear layer thickness. the vorticity thickness. the maximulll value of turbulence intensities. the turbulent coherent structure. the variations of wall shear stress and the boundary layer shape factor are obtained. In the redevelopment region. the detailed analysis is first made for the streak structures in the near wall region and the turbulent boundary layer is formed at (x-xr) / h = 20.展开更多
Presented in this paper is a mathematical model to calculate the probability of the sediment incipient motion, in which the effects of the fluctuating pressure and the seepage are considered. The instantaneous bed she...Presented in this paper is a mathematical model to calculate the probability of the sediment incipient motion, in which the effects of the fluctuating pressure and the seepage are considered. The instantaneous bed shear velocity and the pressure gradient on the bed downstream of the backward-facing step flow are obtained according to the PIV measurements. It is found that the instantaneous pressure gradient on the bed obeys normal distribution. The probability of the sediment incipient motion on the bed downstream of the backward-facing step flow is given by the mathematical model. The predicted results agree well with the experiment in the region downstream of the reattachment point while a large discrepancy between the theory and experiment is seen in the region near the reattachment point. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.展开更多
In the present work, a numerical solution is described for turbulent forced convection flow of an absorbing, emitting, scattering and gray fluid over a two-dimensional backward facing step in a horizontal duct. The AK...In the present work, a numerical solution is described for turbulent forced convection flow of an absorbing, emitting, scattering and gray fluid over a two-dimensional backward facing step in a horizontal duct. The AKN low-Reynolds-number model is employed to predict turbulent flows with separation and heat transfer, while the radiation part of the problem is modeled by the discrete ordinate method (DOM). Discretized forms of the governing equations for fluid flow are obtained by finite volume approach and solved using SIMPLE algorithm. Results are presented for the distributions of Nusselt numbers as a function of the controlling parameters like radiation-conduction parameter (RC) and optical thickness.展开更多
文摘Numerical simulations of a two-dimensional laminar forced convection flow adjacent to inclined backward-facing step in a rectangular duct are presented to examine effects of baffle on flow, heat transfer and entropy generation distributions. The main aim of using baffles is to enhance the value of convection coefficient on the bottom wall. But the useful energy can be destroyed due to intrinsic irreversibilities in the flow by the baffle. In the present work, the amount of energy loss is estimated by the computation of entropy generation. The values of velocity and temperature which are the inputs of the entropy generation equation are obtained by the numerical solution of momentum and energy equations with blocked-off method using computational fluid dynamic technique. Discretized forms of the governing equations in the (x, y) plane are obtained by the control volume method and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Numerical expressions, in terms of Nusselt number, entropy generation number, Bejan number and coefficient of friction are derived in dimensionless form. Results show that although a baffle mounted onto the upper wall increases the magnitude of Nusselts number on the bottom wall, but a considerable increase in the amount of entropy generation number takes place because of this technique. For validation, the numerical results for the Nusselt number and entropy generation number are compared with theoretical findings by other investigators and reasonable agreement is found.
文摘The experimental investigation is conducted with LDV and hydrogen bubble technique in water flow. The shear layer thickness. the vorticity thickness. the maximulll value of turbulence intensities. the turbulent coherent structure. the variations of wall shear stress and the boundary layer shape factor are obtained. In the redevelopment region. the detailed analysis is first made for the streak structures in the near wall region and the turbulent boundary layer is formed at (x-xr) / h = 20.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10602017)
文摘Presented in this paper is a mathematical model to calculate the probability of the sediment incipient motion, in which the effects of the fluctuating pressure and the seepage are considered. The instantaneous bed shear velocity and the pressure gradient on the bed downstream of the backward-facing step flow are obtained according to the PIV measurements. It is found that the instantaneous pressure gradient on the bed obeys normal distribution. The probability of the sediment incipient motion on the bed downstream of the backward-facing step flow is given by the mathematical model. The predicted results agree well with the experiment in the region downstream of the reattachment point while a large discrepancy between the theory and experiment is seen in the region near the reattachment point. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
文摘In the present work, a numerical solution is described for turbulent forced convection flow of an absorbing, emitting, scattering and gray fluid over a two-dimensional backward facing step in a horizontal duct. The AKN low-Reynolds-number model is employed to predict turbulent flows with separation and heat transfer, while the radiation part of the problem is modeled by the discrete ordinate method (DOM). Discretized forms of the governing equations for fluid flow are obtained by finite volume approach and solved using SIMPLE algorithm. Results are presented for the distributions of Nusselt numbers as a function of the controlling parameters like radiation-conduction parameter (RC) and optical thickness.
