Representing the mental state of the partner lays the foundation for successful social interaction.While the representation of group members has been extensively studied,it is unclear how intergroup interactions affec...Representing the mental state of the partner lays the foundation for successful social interaction.While the representation of group members has been extensively studied,it is unclear how intergroup interactions affect it.In three experiments utilizing the joint flanker task,we found that competition between groups brought about a greater joint flanker effect(Experiment 1).Such phenomenon was not due to competition per se,as competition that occurred between individuals from different groups did not enhance the joint flanker effect(Experiment 2).Using the minimal grouping method to directly manipulate group entitativity,we found that the joint flanker effect was larger when participants perceived the group as being more closely connected;conversely,when they perceived the group as less close,the joint flanker effect was attenuated(Experiment 3).These results suggested that beliefs about the group may be key to how group competition enhanced the joint flanker effect.The potential cognitive mechanisms producing this phenomenon are fully discussed.Overall,our study is the first to explore the impact of intergroup interactions on the joint flanker effect and provides a new perspective on understanding the relationship between within-group representations and intergroup interactions.展开更多
Recently,several studies have considered factors affecting the occurrence of congruency sequence effect(CSE)in the arrow flanker task.In the present study,the influence of the following factors was examined:the presen...Recently,several studies have considered factors affecting the occurrence of congruency sequence effect(CSE)in the arrow flanker task.In the present study,the influence of the following factors was examined:the presentation of a fixation and the intertrial interval(ITI)were considered.Results of the study showed that the CSE was significant when there was no fixation and when the ITI was long for response repetitions and response changes,but disappeared for response change trials in other conditions.These results showed that,even in the arrow flanker task,the conflict adaptation effect did contribute to the CSE.The current results suggested that the conflict adaptation effect in the arrow flanker task was based on the appropriate application of attention strategies.展开更多
Psychological distance in the Construal Level Theory refers to an egocentric distance from a stimulus to here,now,oneself,and reality.Yet,nonegocentric distance between two stimuli independent from the perceiver is al...Psychological distance in the Construal Level Theory refers to an egocentric distance from a stimulus to here,now,oneself,and reality.Yet,nonegocentric distance between two stimuli independent from the perceiver is also common,and nonegocentric spatial and social dimensions are rarely compared.Using an Eriksen flanker paradigm,we examined how the nonegocentric spatial and social distance may be processed.Participants were asked to classify the central target flanked by distractors which were identical to the target or were different words associated with congruent or incongruent responses with the target.We manipulated the spatial or social distance between these two pairs of words which were mapped to different responses,and found that the nonegocentric spatial distance between the stimuli affected the flanker effect,whereas the nonegocentric social distance did not show such a significant effect.展开更多
基金supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Zhejiang Province(24NDQN067YB)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 32371088,32071044).
文摘Representing the mental state of the partner lays the foundation for successful social interaction.While the representation of group members has been extensively studied,it is unclear how intergroup interactions affect it.In three experiments utilizing the joint flanker task,we found that competition between groups brought about a greater joint flanker effect(Experiment 1).Such phenomenon was not due to competition per se,as competition that occurred between individuals from different groups did not enhance the joint flanker effect(Experiment 2).Using the minimal grouping method to directly manipulate group entitativity,we found that the joint flanker effect was larger when participants perceived the group as being more closely connected;conversely,when they perceived the group as less close,the joint flanker effect was attenuated(Experiment 3).These results suggested that beliefs about the group may be key to how group competition enhanced the joint flanker effect.The potential cognitive mechanisms producing this phenomenon are fully discussed.Overall,our study is the first to explore the impact of intergroup interactions on the joint flanker effect and provides a new perspective on understanding the relationship between within-group representations and intergroup interactions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30700226)Key Discipline Fund of National 211 Project of China(Grant No.NSKD08010)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.20080431271)
文摘Recently,several studies have considered factors affecting the occurrence of congruency sequence effect(CSE)in the arrow flanker task.In the present study,the influence of the following factors was examined:the presentation of a fixation and the intertrial interval(ITI)were considered.Results of the study showed that the CSE was significant when there was no fixation and when the ITI was long for response repetitions and response changes,but disappeared for response change trials in other conditions.These results showed that,even in the arrow flanker task,the conflict adaptation effect did contribute to the CSE.The current results suggested that the conflict adaptation effect in the arrow flanker task was based on the appropriate application of attention strategies.
基金supported by the Tsinghua University Cultural Inheritance and Innovation Programthe 2012 Program of Tsinghua Asian Research Center
文摘Psychological distance in the Construal Level Theory refers to an egocentric distance from a stimulus to here,now,oneself,and reality.Yet,nonegocentric distance between two stimuli independent from the perceiver is also common,and nonegocentric spatial and social dimensions are rarely compared.Using an Eriksen flanker paradigm,we examined how the nonegocentric spatial and social distance may be processed.Participants were asked to classify the central target flanked by distractors which were identical to the target or were different words associated with congruent or incongruent responses with the target.We manipulated the spatial or social distance between these two pairs of words which were mapped to different responses,and found that the nonegocentric spatial distance between the stimuli affected the flanker effect,whereas the nonegocentric social distance did not show such a significant effect.
