Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassi...Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.展开更多
Organic material combined with inorganic fertilizer has been shown to greatly improve crop yield and maintain soil fertility globally. However, it remains unclear if crop yield and soil fertility can be sustained in t...Organic material combined with inorganic fertilizer has been shown to greatly improve crop yield and maintain soil fertility globally. However, it remains unclear if crop yield and soil fertility can be sustained in the long term under the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Three long-term field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of organic amendments on the grain sustainable yield index(SYI), soil fertility index(SFI)and nutrient balance in maize–wheat cropping systems of central and southern China during 1991–2019. Five treatments were included in the trials: 1) no fertilization(control);2) balanced mineral fertilization(NPK);3) NPK plus manure(NPKM);4) high dose of NPK plus manure(1.5NPKM);and 5) NPK plus crop straw(NPKS). Over time, the grain yields of wheat and maize showed an increasing trend in all four fertilization treatments at the Yangling(YL) and Zhengzhou(ZZ) locations, while they declined at Qiyang(QY). The grain yield in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments gradually exceeded that of the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. The largest SYI was recorded in the NPKM treatment across the three sites, suggesting that inorganic fertilizer combined with manure can effectively improve crop yield sustainability. Higher SYI values were recorded at the YL and ZZ sites than at the QY site, possibly because the soil was more acid at QY. The key factors affecting grain yield were soil available phosphorus(AP) and available potassium(AK) at the YL and ZZ sites, and pH and AP at the QY site.All fertilization treatments resulted in soil N and P surpluses at the three sites, but soil K surpluses were recorded only at the QY site. The SFI was greater in the 1.5NPKM, NPKM and NPKS treatments than in the NPK treatment by 13.3–40.0 and 16.4–63.6% at the YL and ZZ sites, respectively, and was significantly higher in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments than in the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. A significant, positive linear relationship was found between SFI and crop yield, and SYI and nutrient balance, indicating that grain yield and its sustainability significantly increased with increasing soil fertility. The apparent N, P and K balances positively affected SFI.This study suggests that the appropriate amount of manure mixed with mineral NPK fertilizer is beneficial to the development of sustainable agriculture, which effectively increases the crop yield and yield sustainability by improving soil fertility.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)poses a global challenge to the environment and human health due to its natural association with heavy metals.Sustainable use of P is crucial to ensure food security for future generations.An analysis of ...Phosphorus(P)poses a global challenge to the environment and human health due to its natural association with heavy metals.Sustainable use of P is crucial to ensure food security for future generations.An analysis of the 150 phosphate fertilizers stored at the Institute for Crop and Soil Science in Germany has been conducted,supplemented by previously published data.The elements Cd,Bi,U,Cr,Zn,Tl,As,B,Sb,Ni,and Se are found in higher concentrations in sedimentary derived phosphates compared to igneous derived phosphates.Mineral fertilizers contain more than ten times the amount of U,Cd,B,and As compared to farmyard manure.Principal component analyses(PCA)indicate that U,Cd,Be,and Cr are primarily present in sedimentary derived phosphates and their concentrations are 2 to 10 times higher than those in igneous derived phosphates.Regarding heavy metal contamination,over 1000 potential combinations were identified;36% of these were significant but weak(>0.1).It is estimated that approximately 707 t of uranium enter farmland annually through the application of mineral phosphate fertilizers in European countries.This contribution addresses environmental issues related to the utilization of rock phosphate as well as alternative production methods for cleaner and safer phosphate fertilizers while presenting a roadmap with measures for mitigation.展开更多
The use of organic fertilizers can be an opportunity to increase crop yield and improve soil fertility in semi-arid regions,since soils from these regions usually have unfavourable conditions for plant growth.This res...The use of organic fertilizers can be an opportunity to increase crop yield and improve soil fertility in semi-arid regions,since soils from these regions usually have unfavourable conditions for plant growth.This research investigates the effects of organic and mineral fertilization on the impact of soil properties(pH,electrical conductivity and organic matter),availability of macro-(N,P and K),micro-nutrients(Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn)and the accumulation of heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cr)in soil and potato tubers grown under semiarid conditions.A field experiment was conducted in Raqqa Governorate(Syria)using a randomized complete block design with six treatments:control,mineral fertilizer,fermented cow manure,municipal compost,sewage sludge and olive oil solid waste.At harvest,soil and plant samples were analyzed to assess nutrient dynamics in the soil and potato tubers,including metal uptake.The results showed that the highest yields were obtained with mineral fertilizer(22.87 t ha^(−1))and sewage sludge(22.15 t ha^(−1)).Organic amendments significantly improved soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and the bioavailability of phosphorus,potassium,and micronutrients after harvest.Compost and sewage sludge notably enhanced the soil and plant contents of Mn and Cu.However,these amendments also increased the amounts of Pb and Cd in soils and their uptake by plants,with Cd contents exceeding the Codex Alimentarius limit for potatoes(>0.1 mg kg^(−1)).These findings highlight the potential of treated organic waste as a valuable nutrient input for potato cultivation,especially in resource-limited areas.However,continuous monitoring is required due to the risk of heavy metal accumulation.Integrating organic fertilizers with mineral sources appears to be an effective strategy for improving crop productivity,soil health,and environmental sustainability.展开更多
Rice (Oryza sativa) is becoming a staplefood in many regions of DR-Congo. However, its production is still limited to the North Eastern part of the country and grain yield is low. A study was carried out in the city o...Rice (Oryza sativa) is becoming a staplefood in many regions of DR-Congo. However, its production is still limited to the North Eastern part of the country and grain yield is low. A study was carried out in the city of Mbujimayi located in the Central part of the DR-Congo to assess the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on morpho-agronomic characteristics of O. sativa. The trial was conducted during the 2021 agricultural season A using a completely randomized design with three replicates. The six treatments studied consisted of application of T. diversifolia biomass at a dose of 2 kg/4m2 (BFT − 2 kg), 4 kg/4 m2 (BFT − 4 kg), inorganic fertilizer consisting with NPK17-17-17 + Urea (46% N) at a combined dose of 80 g/4 m2 (NP), 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 2 kg + NP) and finally 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP). The untreated plots were used as controls. Plants treated with 1/2 combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg, and NP showed similar height (100.93 cm, 99.03 cm, and 98.63 cm, respectively) that were significantly higher than control and other treatments [1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg] For agronomic characteristics, days to 50% flowering varied between 73.00 and 74 days with an average of 74 days. The control and BFT – 4 kg showed significantly shorter panicles compared to other treatments. For yield components, 1/2 (BFT – 4 kg + NP) and the NP treatments generated a higher weight of 1000 grains. For yield per hectare, 1/2 (BFT − 4 kg + NP) induced significantly different levels of production than the control and other treatments, including 1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg, BFT – 4 kg. The correlation coefficients between agronomic traits revealed that with the exception of the length of particle and the abortion rates, all the yield components (panicles per plant, seeds per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and grail yield per plot) were strongly correlated with grain yield per hectare.展开更多
Currently,research on the co-application of straw charcoal and organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure remains limited,despite their demonstrated benefits in enhancing soil fertility and improving pl...Currently,research on the co-application of straw charcoal and organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure remains limited,despite their demonstrated benefits in enhancing soil fertility and improving plant physiological traits.To investigate the effects of straw charcoal on paddy soil,an experiment was conducted in fields with stable soil properties characterized by clay loam texture in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,China,using the rice cultivar Nanjing 5055.展开更多
This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in...This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Western Cameroon (Baboutcha-Fongam). The study was conducted during two consecutive years, using a completely randomized block design of 8 treatments repeated three times in each subblock. The sub-plots were enriched with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g corresponding to the treatment of EM and IMO respectively and 3.2 g of NPK in 2019. Subsequently, the best dose that resulted in excellent yields was repeated for the rest of the experiment in 2020. The yield parameters and nutritional value of the two varieties of Arachis hypogaea used in the two consecutive years increase with the contribution of the different doses compared to the control. Overall, a significant increase (p A. hypogaea plants fertilized with EM 20 g (2.15 ± 0.24 and 2.01 ± 0.23 t/ha) and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g (2.36 ± 0.65 and 2.04 ± 0.17 t/ha) was not significant. On the other hand, there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between plants fertilized with IMO 10 g (2.65 ± 0.17 and 2.24 ± 0.2 t/ha) and plants fertilized with EM 20 g and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g for both varieties during the two years combined. In addition to being local and therefore adapted to environmental conditions, IMOs could be a promising biological means for improving soil fertility in Cameroon.展开更多
Synthetic fertilizers are widely used to address the urgent challenge of ensuring food supplies for a growing world population in the context of climate change. However, their industrial production and use in agricult...Synthetic fertilizers are widely used to address the urgent challenge of ensuring food supplies for a growing world population in the context of climate change. However, their industrial production and use in agriculture have a negative impact on the environment and consequently on human health. While chemical fertilizers may not have to be abandoned in agricultural production systems, limiting their use could help to make agriculture sustainable and resilient to climate change. In Senegal, the level of mineral fertilizers used in market gardening has become alarming in the Niayes area. As a result, microbial biotechnologies have been promoted for biofertilizer production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation. Rhizobial inoculums have thus been used to reduce the rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizers being applied in cropping systems. Several investigations in the laboratory, on experimental stations and in the field have shown a possibility of a significant reduction in the use of nitrogen fertilizers in common bean production. Conventional mineral fertilization use can be reduced from over 120 kg N/ha to 20 kg N/ha. This contributes both to a very significant reduction in the application rate with the same level of yield and to an improvement in the standard of living. In addition, the environmental impact of using chemical fertilizers can be mitigated. This study is a contribution to the promotion of biofertilizers adoption in agricultural systems.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic trace metal that occurs naturally in agricultural soils and can accumulate in the edible parts of crops,notably in cereal grains.This study investigated the extent to which sulfur(S)fertilization...Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic trace metal that occurs naturally in agricultural soils and can accumulate in the edible parts of crops,notably in cereal grains.This study investigated the extent to which sulfur(S)fertilization increases the availability of Cd in a calcareous(Calc)and a non-calcareous(Ncalc)soil.Changes in Cd availability and speciation were monitored over a 21-d incubation period,along with changes in pH and the concentrations of sulfate,nitrate,calcium,magnesium,aluminum(Al),manganese(Mn),and nickel(Ni)in the potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))extracts,after the addition at agronomic rates of three forms of S fertilizers:elemental S(S(0)),potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4)),and ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)).Elemental S did not increase the Cd concentration in the KNO_(3)extracts of either soil due to its too limited oxidation to sulfates.The two sulfate fertilizers had contrasting effects on Cd concentration depending on the nature of the counter cation(K^(+)or NH_(4)^(+)).While K_(2)SO_(4)caused almost no change in Cd concentration in either soil,(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)increased Cd concentration in both soils.The nitrification of NH_(4)^(+)reduced soil pH,thereby increasing the concentrations of Cd,Al,Mn,and Ni in the Ncalc soil over time,as evidenced by the strong negative correlations between soil pH and the concentrations of these four elements in the KNO3 extract after 21 d.In the Calc soil,the mechanism of Cd concentration increase after(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)addition was more difficult to understand and could result from the proton-mediated alteration of Cd-bearing phases such as carbonates,following ammonia(NH_(3))volatilization.The relevance of these results for the S fertilization of cereals in Cd-contaminated soils is discussed.展开更多
Synchronizing the nitrogen(N)supply of slow-and controlled-release N fertilizers(SCRNFs)with rice N demand is essential in replacing multiple urea applications with a single basal application of SCRNFs.Traditional ass...Synchronizing the nitrogen(N)supply of slow-and controlled-release N fertilizers(SCRNFs)with rice N demand is essential in replacing multiple urea applications with a single basal application of SCRNFs.Traditional assessment of N supply characteristics primarily examines N release patterns,which are limited to coated SCRNFs and disregard N transformation mechanisms,necessitating a more universal and reliable index.Based on the capacity of crop N status to detect N deficiency or excess,we hypothesized that utilizing leaf N balance index(NBI)as a measure of N status could offer novel insights into assessing N supply characteristics of SCRNFs.Field experiments were conducted with four individual SCRNFs-humic acid urea(HAU),sulfur-coated urea(SCU),urease inhibitor urea(UIU),and polymer-coated urea(PCU)and their four combined forms,alongside high-yield urea split application as control(CK).The results revealed that NBI dynamics relative to CK reflected the N supply potential of different SCRNFs while categorizing them as short-,medium-,and long-acting fertilizers.Combinations incorporating the long-acting SCRNF(PCU)consistently demonstrated superior performance in yield(by 5.5%)and N use efficiency(by 42.8%)through providing more consistent and efficient N supply throughout the rice growth cycle.Grain yield exhibited negative correlation with the difference in NBI dynamics between SCRNFs and CK,suggesting that synchronizing N supply between one-time application of SCRNFs and conventional high-yield fertilization is crucial for high yield.These findings demonstrate the potential of N status diagnosed by leaf NBI to evaluate N supply characteristics of SCRNFs and highlight the importance of synchronized N supply for a one-time SCRNF application.展开更多
Rice productivity faces critical sustainability challenges from stagnating yields and inefficient fertilizer use,particularly in intensive agricultural regions like the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)of China.Controlled-rele...Rice productivity faces critical sustainability challenges from stagnating yields and inefficient fertilizer use,particularly in intensive agricultural regions like the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)of China.Controlled-release blended fertilizers(CRBF),which synchronize nutrient release with crop demand,represent a promising strategy to enhance rice productivity.Here,we conducted an eight-year(2017–2024)field study across 25 representative sites in the YRD to evaluate CRBF’s effects,complemented by a regional extrapolation analysis.Our findings showed that,relative to conventional fertilization,CRBF increased rice yield by 4.9%,primarily by increasing the number of effective panicles(5%)and plant biomass(5.2%–11.3%).Notably,this yield benefit rose to 5.3%when CRBF was applied via deep placement,which was attributed to greater root biomass(13.1%–29.2%)and higher soil NH_(4)^(+)-N availability(24.3%–43.6%),thereby enhancing N uptake.Furthermore,initial soil organic matter was identified as the predominant modulator of CRBF effectiveness.Regional extrapolation projected that applying CRBF could enhance rice yield by 4.0%across the YRD,with deep placement providing an additional 2.1%gain.In conclusion,our study demonstrates that adopting CRBF,particularly with deep placement,is a robust and effective strategy to sustainably boost rice productivity in intensive rice cultivation systems.展开更多
Improving crop productivity and soil fertility through the balanced application of inorganic and organic nutrient sources is a sustainable approach in modern agriculture.Char land soils,widely distributed in riverine ...Improving crop productivity and soil fertility through the balanced application of inorganic and organic nutrient sources is a sustainable approach in modern agriculture.Char land soils,widely distributed in riverine Bangladesh,are generally low in organic matter status and deficient in necessary nutrient elements for crop production.Addressing this challenge,the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of various organic nutrient sources with inorganic fertilizers on crop yields,nutrient uptake,and soil fertility in farm(L1)and char land(L2)of Brahmaputra River in Mymensingh,Bangladesh from 2022(Y1)to 2023(Y2).For each location,eight treatments viz.T1(Control),T2[100%recommended fertilizer dose(RFD)],T3(75%RFD),T4(75%N from RFD 25%N from cow dung),T5(75%+N from RFD 25%N from poultry manure),T6(75%N from RFD 25%N from vermicompost),T7(75%N from++RFD 25%N from household compost)and T8(75%N from RFD 25%N from rice straw compost)were arranged in++a randomized complete block design with three replications using Wheat–Mungbean–T.Aman rice cropping pattern where three way interaction was considered for results.Treatment T5 performed the best in both years in both locations as it enhanced the yield components(p 0.05)and caused yield increment over control.The yield improvement in<Char land soils was higher than that in farm soils.For all three crops,treatment T5 consistently augmented the uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and sulphur by different parts of the crops and improved soil fertility properties such as organic matter status,cation exchange capacity,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and sulphur as well as exchangeable potassium in both locations in both years.Cost and return analysis of different treatments for the whole cropping system showed that the highest marginal benefit-cost ratio(16.35 and 15.07)and gross return(about Tk 768,595/ha and 728,341/ha)were obtained from the T5 treatment in farm soils and Char land soils,respectively.Followed by poultry manure,vermicompost performed well in addition to mineral fertilizers for improving crop yield and soil fertility but its economic efficiency was less due to high input cost.These findings may be useful to the smallholder farmers in char areas,who could benefit from increased productivity,reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers,and improved soil health,contributing to the long-term sustainability of char land agriculture.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760363)the Earmarked Fund for CARS (CARS-14-1-16)+1 种基金the Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Industry Support Program,China (2021CYZC-38)the Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,China (GSCS-2020-Z6)。
文摘Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42177341)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shanxi,China(202203021222138).
文摘Organic material combined with inorganic fertilizer has been shown to greatly improve crop yield and maintain soil fertility globally. However, it remains unclear if crop yield and soil fertility can be sustained in the long term under the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Three long-term field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of organic amendments on the grain sustainable yield index(SYI), soil fertility index(SFI)and nutrient balance in maize–wheat cropping systems of central and southern China during 1991–2019. Five treatments were included in the trials: 1) no fertilization(control);2) balanced mineral fertilization(NPK);3) NPK plus manure(NPKM);4) high dose of NPK plus manure(1.5NPKM);and 5) NPK plus crop straw(NPKS). Over time, the grain yields of wheat and maize showed an increasing trend in all four fertilization treatments at the Yangling(YL) and Zhengzhou(ZZ) locations, while they declined at Qiyang(QY). The grain yield in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments gradually exceeded that of the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. The largest SYI was recorded in the NPKM treatment across the three sites, suggesting that inorganic fertilizer combined with manure can effectively improve crop yield sustainability. Higher SYI values were recorded at the YL and ZZ sites than at the QY site, possibly because the soil was more acid at QY. The key factors affecting grain yield were soil available phosphorus(AP) and available potassium(AK) at the YL and ZZ sites, and pH and AP at the QY site.All fertilization treatments resulted in soil N and P surpluses at the three sites, but soil K surpluses were recorded only at the QY site. The SFI was greater in the 1.5NPKM, NPKM and NPKS treatments than in the NPK treatment by 13.3–40.0 and 16.4–63.6% at the YL and ZZ sites, respectively, and was significantly higher in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments than in the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. A significant, positive linear relationship was found between SFI and crop yield, and SYI and nutrient balance, indicating that grain yield and its sustainability significantly increased with increasing soil fertility. The apparent N, P and K balances positively affected SFI.This study suggests that the appropriate amount of manure mixed with mineral NPK fertilizer is beneficial to the development of sustainable agriculture, which effectively increases the crop yield and yield sustainability by improving soil fertility.
基金funded by the Project of Yunnan Province’s Xingdian Talents Support Program(yfgrc202437)the Project of the International Cooperation Science Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42361144885).
文摘Phosphorus(P)poses a global challenge to the environment and human health due to its natural association with heavy metals.Sustainable use of P is crucial to ensure food security for future generations.An analysis of the 150 phosphate fertilizers stored at the Institute for Crop and Soil Science in Germany has been conducted,supplemented by previously published data.The elements Cd,Bi,U,Cr,Zn,Tl,As,B,Sb,Ni,and Se are found in higher concentrations in sedimentary derived phosphates compared to igneous derived phosphates.Mineral fertilizers contain more than ten times the amount of U,Cd,B,and As compared to farmyard manure.Principal component analyses(PCA)indicate that U,Cd,Be,and Cr are primarily present in sedimentary derived phosphates and their concentrations are 2 to 10 times higher than those in igneous derived phosphates.Regarding heavy metal contamination,over 1000 potential combinations were identified;36% of these were significant but weak(>0.1).It is estimated that approximately 707 t of uranium enter farmland annually through the application of mineral phosphate fertilizers in European countries.This contribution addresses environmental issues related to the utilization of rock phosphate as well as alternative production methods for cleaner and safer phosphate fertilizers while presenting a roadmap with measures for mitigation.
基金ARS would like to acknowledge their JdCi research contract(IJC2020-044197-I)funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union EU/PRTR。
文摘The use of organic fertilizers can be an opportunity to increase crop yield and improve soil fertility in semi-arid regions,since soils from these regions usually have unfavourable conditions for plant growth.This research investigates the effects of organic and mineral fertilization on the impact of soil properties(pH,electrical conductivity and organic matter),availability of macro-(N,P and K),micro-nutrients(Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn)and the accumulation of heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cr)in soil and potato tubers grown under semiarid conditions.A field experiment was conducted in Raqqa Governorate(Syria)using a randomized complete block design with six treatments:control,mineral fertilizer,fermented cow manure,municipal compost,sewage sludge and olive oil solid waste.At harvest,soil and plant samples were analyzed to assess nutrient dynamics in the soil and potato tubers,including metal uptake.The results showed that the highest yields were obtained with mineral fertilizer(22.87 t ha^(−1))and sewage sludge(22.15 t ha^(−1)).Organic amendments significantly improved soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and the bioavailability of phosphorus,potassium,and micronutrients after harvest.Compost and sewage sludge notably enhanced the soil and plant contents of Mn and Cu.However,these amendments also increased the amounts of Pb and Cd in soils and their uptake by plants,with Cd contents exceeding the Codex Alimentarius limit for potatoes(>0.1 mg kg^(−1)).These findings highlight the potential of treated organic waste as a valuable nutrient input for potato cultivation,especially in resource-limited areas.However,continuous monitoring is required due to the risk of heavy metal accumulation.Integrating organic fertilizers with mineral sources appears to be an effective strategy for improving crop productivity,soil health,and environmental sustainability.
文摘Rice (Oryza sativa) is becoming a staplefood in many regions of DR-Congo. However, its production is still limited to the North Eastern part of the country and grain yield is low. A study was carried out in the city of Mbujimayi located in the Central part of the DR-Congo to assess the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on morpho-agronomic characteristics of O. sativa. The trial was conducted during the 2021 agricultural season A using a completely randomized design with three replicates. The six treatments studied consisted of application of T. diversifolia biomass at a dose of 2 kg/4m2 (BFT − 2 kg), 4 kg/4 m2 (BFT − 4 kg), inorganic fertilizer consisting with NPK17-17-17 + Urea (46% N) at a combined dose of 80 g/4 m2 (NP), 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 2 kg + NP) and finally 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP). The untreated plots were used as controls. Plants treated with 1/2 combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg, and NP showed similar height (100.93 cm, 99.03 cm, and 98.63 cm, respectively) that were significantly higher than control and other treatments [1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg] For agronomic characteristics, days to 50% flowering varied between 73.00 and 74 days with an average of 74 days. The control and BFT – 4 kg showed significantly shorter panicles compared to other treatments. For yield components, 1/2 (BFT – 4 kg + NP) and the NP treatments generated a higher weight of 1000 grains. For yield per hectare, 1/2 (BFT − 4 kg + NP) induced significantly different levels of production than the control and other treatments, including 1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg, BFT – 4 kg. The correlation coefficients between agronomic traits revealed that with the exception of the length of particle and the abortion rates, all the yield components (panicles per plant, seeds per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and grail yield per plot) were strongly correlated with grain yield per hectare.
基金supported by the Special Funds for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BE2022425)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72473124),the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1500404)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Province Postgraduate Research Innovation Program(Grant No.KYCX24-3785)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China。
文摘Currently,research on the co-application of straw charcoal and organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure remains limited,despite their demonstrated benefits in enhancing soil fertility and improving plant physiological traits.To investigate the effects of straw charcoal on paddy soil,an experiment was conducted in fields with stable soil properties characterized by clay loam texture in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,China,using the rice cultivar Nanjing 5055.
文摘This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Western Cameroon (Baboutcha-Fongam). The study was conducted during two consecutive years, using a completely randomized block design of 8 treatments repeated three times in each subblock. The sub-plots were enriched with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g corresponding to the treatment of EM and IMO respectively and 3.2 g of NPK in 2019. Subsequently, the best dose that resulted in excellent yields was repeated for the rest of the experiment in 2020. The yield parameters and nutritional value of the two varieties of Arachis hypogaea used in the two consecutive years increase with the contribution of the different doses compared to the control. Overall, a significant increase (p A. hypogaea plants fertilized with EM 20 g (2.15 ± 0.24 and 2.01 ± 0.23 t/ha) and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g (2.36 ± 0.65 and 2.04 ± 0.17 t/ha) was not significant. On the other hand, there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between plants fertilized with IMO 10 g (2.65 ± 0.17 and 2.24 ± 0.2 t/ha) and plants fertilized with EM 20 g and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g for both varieties during the two years combined. In addition to being local and therefore adapted to environmental conditions, IMOs could be a promising biological means for improving soil fertility in Cameroon.
文摘Synthetic fertilizers are widely used to address the urgent challenge of ensuring food supplies for a growing world population in the context of climate change. However, their industrial production and use in agriculture have a negative impact on the environment and consequently on human health. While chemical fertilizers may not have to be abandoned in agricultural production systems, limiting their use could help to make agriculture sustainable and resilient to climate change. In Senegal, the level of mineral fertilizers used in market gardening has become alarming in the Niayes area. As a result, microbial biotechnologies have been promoted for biofertilizer production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation. Rhizobial inoculums have thus been used to reduce the rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizers being applied in cropping systems. Several investigations in the laboratory, on experimental stations and in the field have shown a possibility of a significant reduction in the use of nitrogen fertilizers in common bean production. Conventional mineral fertilization use can be reduced from over 120 kg N/ha to 20 kg N/ha. This contributes both to a very significant reduction in the application rate with the same level of yield and to an improvement in the standard of living. In addition, the environmental impact of using chemical fertilizers can be mitigated. This study is a contribution to the promotion of biofertilizers adoption in agricultural systems.
基金supported by the CNRS-INSU EC2CO program in the framework of the CADSOU project,by the Nouvelle Aquitaine Region in the framework of the ESTOCADE project,and by the French National Research Institute for Agriculture,Food and Environment(INRAE)The authors are grateful to Ms.Melike Emet(INRAE,UMR ISPA)and Ms.Sylvie Bussière(INRAE,UMR ISPA)for their help treating the samples,and to Ms.Francesca Degan(ARVALIS-Institut du végétal)and Ms.Séverine Piutti(INRAE,UMR LAE)for helpful comments.
文摘Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic trace metal that occurs naturally in agricultural soils and can accumulate in the edible parts of crops,notably in cereal grains.This study investigated the extent to which sulfur(S)fertilization increases the availability of Cd in a calcareous(Calc)and a non-calcareous(Ncalc)soil.Changes in Cd availability and speciation were monitored over a 21-d incubation period,along with changes in pH and the concentrations of sulfate,nitrate,calcium,magnesium,aluminum(Al),manganese(Mn),and nickel(Ni)in the potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))extracts,after the addition at agronomic rates of three forms of S fertilizers:elemental S(S(0)),potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4)),and ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)).Elemental S did not increase the Cd concentration in the KNO_(3)extracts of either soil due to its too limited oxidation to sulfates.The two sulfate fertilizers had contrasting effects on Cd concentration depending on the nature of the counter cation(K^(+)or NH_(4)^(+)).While K_(2)SO_(4)caused almost no change in Cd concentration in either soil,(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)increased Cd concentration in both soils.The nitrification of NH_(4)^(+)reduced soil pH,thereby increasing the concentrations of Cd,Al,Mn,and Ni in the Ncalc soil over time,as evidenced by the strong negative correlations between soil pH and the concentrations of these four elements in the KNO3 extract after 21 d.In the Calc soil,the mechanism of Cd concentration increase after(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)addition was more difficult to understand and could result from the proton-mediated alteration of Cd-bearing phases such as carbonates,following ammonia(NH_(3))volatilization.The relevance of these results for the S fertilization of cereals in Cd-contaminated soils is discussed.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20200539)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(BE2019377 and BE2019343)the Science and Technology Planning Program of Suzhou,China(ST202228).
文摘Synchronizing the nitrogen(N)supply of slow-and controlled-release N fertilizers(SCRNFs)with rice N demand is essential in replacing multiple urea applications with a single basal application of SCRNFs.Traditional assessment of N supply characteristics primarily examines N release patterns,which are limited to coated SCRNFs and disregard N transformation mechanisms,necessitating a more universal and reliable index.Based on the capacity of crop N status to detect N deficiency or excess,we hypothesized that utilizing leaf N balance index(NBI)as a measure of N status could offer novel insights into assessing N supply characteristics of SCRNFs.Field experiments were conducted with four individual SCRNFs-humic acid urea(HAU),sulfur-coated urea(SCU),urease inhibitor urea(UIU),and polymer-coated urea(PCU)and their four combined forms,alongside high-yield urea split application as control(CK).The results revealed that NBI dynamics relative to CK reflected the N supply potential of different SCRNFs while categorizing them as short-,medium-,and long-acting fertilizers.Combinations incorporating the long-acting SCRNF(PCU)consistently demonstrated superior performance in yield(by 5.5%)and N use efficiency(by 42.8%)through providing more consistent and efficient N supply throughout the rice growth cycle.Grain yield exhibited negative correlation with the difference in NBI dynamics between SCRNFs and CK,suggesting that synchronizing N supply between one-time application of SCRNFs and conventional high-yield fertilization is crucial for high yield.These findings demonstrate the potential of N status diagnosed by leaf NBI to evaluate N supply characteristics of SCRNFs and highlight the importance of synchronized N supply for a one-time SCRNF application.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2301300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20402,32301354).
文摘Rice productivity faces critical sustainability challenges from stagnating yields and inefficient fertilizer use,particularly in intensive agricultural regions like the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)of China.Controlled-release blended fertilizers(CRBF),which synchronize nutrient release with crop demand,represent a promising strategy to enhance rice productivity.Here,we conducted an eight-year(2017–2024)field study across 25 representative sites in the YRD to evaluate CRBF’s effects,complemented by a regional extrapolation analysis.Our findings showed that,relative to conventional fertilization,CRBF increased rice yield by 4.9%,primarily by increasing the number of effective panicles(5%)and plant biomass(5.2%–11.3%).Notably,this yield benefit rose to 5.3%when CRBF was applied via deep placement,which was attributed to greater root biomass(13.1%–29.2%)and higher soil NH_(4)^(+)-N availability(24.3%–43.6%),thereby enhancing N uptake.Furthermore,initial soil organic matter was identified as the predominant modulator of CRBF effectiveness.Regional extrapolation projected that applying CRBF could enhance rice yield by 4.0%across the YRD,with deep placement providing an additional 2.1%gain.In conclusion,our study demonstrates that adopting CRBF,particularly with deep placement,is a robust and effective strategy to sustainably boost rice productivity in intensive rice cultivation systems.
基金funded by Taif University,Saudi Arabia,Project No.(TU-DSPP-2025-30)The Science and Technology Fellowship Trust(SL No.39.00.0000.035.22.013.19.144)under the Ministry of Science and Technology of Bangladesh partially financed the current research。
文摘Improving crop productivity and soil fertility through the balanced application of inorganic and organic nutrient sources is a sustainable approach in modern agriculture.Char land soils,widely distributed in riverine Bangladesh,are generally low in organic matter status and deficient in necessary nutrient elements for crop production.Addressing this challenge,the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of various organic nutrient sources with inorganic fertilizers on crop yields,nutrient uptake,and soil fertility in farm(L1)and char land(L2)of Brahmaputra River in Mymensingh,Bangladesh from 2022(Y1)to 2023(Y2).For each location,eight treatments viz.T1(Control),T2[100%recommended fertilizer dose(RFD)],T3(75%RFD),T4(75%N from RFD 25%N from cow dung),T5(75%+N from RFD 25%N from poultry manure),T6(75%N from RFD 25%N from vermicompost),T7(75%N from++RFD 25%N from household compost)and T8(75%N from RFD 25%N from rice straw compost)were arranged in++a randomized complete block design with three replications using Wheat–Mungbean–T.Aman rice cropping pattern where three way interaction was considered for results.Treatment T5 performed the best in both years in both locations as it enhanced the yield components(p 0.05)and caused yield increment over control.The yield improvement in<Char land soils was higher than that in farm soils.For all three crops,treatment T5 consistently augmented the uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and sulphur by different parts of the crops and improved soil fertility properties such as organic matter status,cation exchange capacity,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and sulphur as well as exchangeable potassium in both locations in both years.Cost and return analysis of different treatments for the whole cropping system showed that the highest marginal benefit-cost ratio(16.35 and 15.07)and gross return(about Tk 768,595/ha and 728,341/ha)were obtained from the T5 treatment in farm soils and Char land soils,respectively.Followed by poultry manure,vermicompost performed well in addition to mineral fertilizers for improving crop yield and soil fertility but its economic efficiency was less due to high input cost.These findings may be useful to the smallholder farmers in char areas,who could benefit from increased productivity,reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers,and improved soil health,contributing to the long-term sustainability of char land agriculture.
