Platinum, palladium and rhodium of the raw feeds extracted and separated with a new sulfoxide extractant （MSO） were studied in the paper. The pilot test results showed that the percentage extractions are more than 9...Platinum, palladium and rhodium of the raw feeds extracted and separated with a new sulfoxide extractant （MSO） were studied in the paper. The pilot test results showed that the percentage extractions are more than 99% for platinum and palladium in Pt-Pd feed, and the percentage strippings are 100% and 99.2% with HCl and ammonia, respectively. The ratio of palladium to platinum is 0.0016 in stripping platinum solution, and the ratio of platinum to palladium is 0.0020 in stripping palladium solution. The percentage extraction of platinum is 99% in Pt-Rh feed, and the percentage stripping is 100%. The ratio of rhodium to platinum is 0.0002 in stripping platinum solution. Therefore, platinum, palladium, and rhodium feeds are separated effectively with MSO.展开更多
The introduction of 'hydrostatic extraction' scheme, or 'standard stratification approximation', into spectral model gained some advantages compared with commonly used schemes. However, computational i...The introduction of 'hydrostatic extraction' scheme, or 'standard stratification approximation', into spectral model gained some advantages compared with commonly used schemes. However, computational instability may occur for high vertical resolution versions if the stratification parameter C0 taken as a constant. In this paper, the possible cause leading to the instability is discussed and an improved scheme presented where C0 is generalized to be a function of both height and latitudes. Hence the reference atmosphere gets closer to the real atmosphere and the temperature deviation field to be expanded becomes smoother everywhere. Test by real case forecasts shows good computational stability of the new scheme and better prediction performance than-usual schemes of spectral model.展开更多
With quercetin content and yield of dry extract as investigation indices, three factors, amount of water added, decoction time and decoction times were investigated by an orthogonal test, so as to select the optimal w...With quercetin content and yield of dry extract as investigation indices, three factors, amount of water added, decoction time and decoction times were investigated by an orthogonal test, so as to select the optimal water extraction process for Zihua Qinghuo Capsule. The determined extraction process was adding 8 times of water in five herbs including Viola philippica and decocting for 2 times, 1.5 h each time. Pilot scale test demonstrated that the selected process is stable and feasible, and could provide reliable reference for practical production.展开更多
[Objectives] The study aimed to optimize the extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound to provide an experimental basis for the development and utilization of the compound. [Methods]Through orthogonal test,the op...[Objectives] The study aimed to optimize the extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound to provide an experimental basis for the development and utilization of the compound. [Methods]Through orthogonal test,the optimal extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound was chosen by using the yield of dry paste and ursolic acid content as evaluation indicators. [Results]The optimal extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound is as follows: solvent dosage was 16 times,and extraction frequency was 3 times,while extraction time was 1 h.[Conclusions]The extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound was stable and feasible,and this study can provide a theoretical basis for further preparation of the compound.展开更多
Recently a research team at Ohio University,USA,conducted a unique full-scale feld load test to simulate the aeration pipe installations at a copper extraction mine operated in Chile.The overliner material taken from ...Recently a research team at Ohio University,USA,conducted a unique full-scale feld load test to simulate the aeration pipe installations at a copper extraction mine operated in Chile.The overliner material taken from the mine was used in recreating the in situ conditions.Electric heaters were utilized to raise the temperature inside each pipe to simulate the essential element of the copper extraction process.The maximum vertical deflection reached by the test pipes was close to 20%,when the simulated heap pile height was 80 m.The plastic pipes and the overliner material were also tested in the laboratory.Based on the results,the maximum heap pile fll depth was recommended for the aeration system.The results indicated that the vertical deflection was the primary performance index for the aeration pipes installed in heap piles at mines.Lastly,the pipe made of polypropylene resin was super.展开更多
Factors directly affecting the extraction rate of the piles pulled out by a vibratory pulling system are summarized and classified into five categories(excitation force,resistance,vibration amplitude,pile plumbness ke...Factors directly affecting the extraction rate of the piles pulled out by a vibratory pulling system are summarized and classified into five categories(excitation force,resistance,vibration amplitude,pile plumbness keeping,and slowing down at the later stage) from the mechanics and engineering practice.Field tests on steel sheet piles extracted by vibratory technique in different soil conditions are conducted to ascertain how these factors affect the extraction rate of a pile with regard to three major actors of vibratory pile pulling:the pile to be extracted,the selected pulling system,and the imposed soil conditions.The extraction rates of three different sheet pile types(having up to four different lengths) pulled out by two different vibratory pulling systems are documented.The piles with different lengths and types,pulled out with or without a clutch,have different extraction rates.The working parameters governing the vibratory hammer,such as excitation force and vibration amplitude,exert significant influences on the rate of pile extraction,especially in the early stages of up-lift process.The extraction rate of the piles driven in different soil conditions is uniform because different extraction resistances mainly refer to shaft friction.The properties of the pile-soil interface influence the extraction rate of the piles,and the extraction rate decreases with the time for which the piles have been buried in the earth.展开更多
The mass transfer between heavy oil and liquid carbon dioxide and the changes of the heavy phase(mixture of heavy oil and CO_(2)) and light phase(pure CO_(2)) in the mixture were tested in lab with heavy oil samples f...The mass transfer between heavy oil and liquid carbon dioxide and the changes of the heavy phase(mixture of heavy oil and CO_(2)) and light phase(pure CO_(2)) in the mixture were tested in lab with heavy oil samples from Russia. The experimental results showed that the heavy oil hardly expanded when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 10%. When the concentration of carbon dioxide was higher than 26%, the volume of the heavy phase decreased, and the viscosity of the heavy phase increased exponentially as the light components extracted from the heavy oil exceeded the carbon dioxide saturated in the heavy oil. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 26%, the effect of viscosity reducing to the heavy phase was the strongest. The density of the light and heavy phases, volume factor, and solubility of gas and flash viscosity of heavy phase all increased with the rise of carbon dioxide concentration in the mixture. The best concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 26%, when the heavy oil expanded the most and the viscosity of the heavy phase was the lowest. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was between 10% and 26%, the volume of the light phase was the smallest and the oil displacement effect was the best.展开更多
文摘Platinum, palladium and rhodium of the raw feeds extracted and separated with a new sulfoxide extractant （MSO） were studied in the paper. The pilot test results showed that the percentage extractions are more than 99% for platinum and palladium in Pt-Pd feed, and the percentage strippings are 100% and 99.2% with HCl and ammonia, respectively. The ratio of palladium to platinum is 0.0016 in stripping platinum solution, and the ratio of platinum to palladium is 0.0020 in stripping palladium solution. The percentage extraction of platinum is 99% in Pt-Rh feed, and the percentage stripping is 100%. The ratio of rhodium to platinum is 0.0002 in stripping platinum solution. Therefore, platinum, palladium, and rhodium feeds are separated effectively with MSO.
基金This work has been carried out under the support of the Medium-range Numerical Weather Forecast research project
文摘The introduction of 'hydrostatic extraction' scheme, or 'standard stratification approximation', into spectral model gained some advantages compared with commonly used schemes. However, computational instability may occur for high vertical resolution versions if the stratification parameter C0 taken as a constant. In this paper, the possible cause leading to the instability is discussed and an improved scheme presented where C0 is generalized to be a function of both height and latitudes. Hence the reference atmosphere gets closer to the real atmosphere and the temperature deviation field to be expanded becomes smoother everywhere. Test by real case forecasts shows good computational stability of the new scheme and better prediction performance than-usual schemes of spectral model.
基金Supported by Guiyang Science and Technology Planning Project(ZKHT[2017-4]21)
文摘With quercetin content and yield of dry extract as investigation indices, three factors, amount of water added, decoction time and decoction times were investigated by an orthogonal test, so as to select the optimal water extraction process for Zihua Qinghuo Capsule. The determined extraction process was adding 8 times of water in five herbs including Viola philippica and decocting for 2 times, 1.5 h each time. Pilot scale test demonstrated that the selected process is stable and feasible, and could provide reliable reference for practical production.
基金Supported by Talent Training and Construction Project of Professor Yang Shilin’s Team in 2017(YSL17010)
文摘[Objectives] The study aimed to optimize the extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound to provide an experimental basis for the development and utilization of the compound. [Methods]Through orthogonal test,the optimal extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound was chosen by using the yield of dry paste and ursolic acid content as evaluation indicators. [Results]The optimal extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound is as follows: solvent dosage was 16 times,and extraction frequency was 3 times,while extraction time was 1 h.[Conclusions]The extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound was stable and feasible,and this study can provide a theoretical basis for further preparation of the compound.
文摘Recently a research team at Ohio University,USA,conducted a unique full-scale feld load test to simulate the aeration pipe installations at a copper extraction mine operated in Chile.The overliner material taken from the mine was used in recreating the in situ conditions.Electric heaters were utilized to raise the temperature inside each pipe to simulate the essential element of the copper extraction process.The maximum vertical deflection reached by the test pipes was close to 20%,when the simulated heap pile height was 80 m.The plastic pipes and the overliner material were also tested in the laboratory.Based on the results,the maximum heap pile fll depth was recommended for the aeration system.The results indicated that the vertical deflection was the primary performance index for the aeration pipes installed in heap piles at mines.Lastly,the pipe made of polypropylene resin was super.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51428901 and 51379122)
文摘Factors directly affecting the extraction rate of the piles pulled out by a vibratory pulling system are summarized and classified into five categories(excitation force,resistance,vibration amplitude,pile plumbness keeping,and slowing down at the later stage) from the mechanics and engineering practice.Field tests on steel sheet piles extracted by vibratory technique in different soil conditions are conducted to ascertain how these factors affect the extraction rate of a pile with regard to three major actors of vibratory pile pulling:the pile to be extracted,the selected pulling system,and the imposed soil conditions.The extraction rates of three different sheet pile types(having up to four different lengths) pulled out by two different vibratory pulling systems are documented.The piles with different lengths and types,pulled out with or without a clutch,have different extraction rates.The working parameters governing the vibratory hammer,such as excitation force and vibration amplitude,exert significant influences on the rate of pile extraction,especially in the early stages of up-lift process.The extraction rate of the piles driven in different soil conditions is uniform because different extraction resistances mainly refer to shaft friction.The properties of the pile-soil interface influence the extraction rate of the piles,and the extraction rate decreases with the time for which the piles have been buried in the earth.
文摘The mass transfer between heavy oil and liquid carbon dioxide and the changes of the heavy phase(mixture of heavy oil and CO_(2)) and light phase(pure CO_(2)) in the mixture were tested in lab with heavy oil samples from Russia. The experimental results showed that the heavy oil hardly expanded when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 10%. When the concentration of carbon dioxide was higher than 26%, the volume of the heavy phase decreased, and the viscosity of the heavy phase increased exponentially as the light components extracted from the heavy oil exceeded the carbon dioxide saturated in the heavy oil. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 26%, the effect of viscosity reducing to the heavy phase was the strongest. The density of the light and heavy phases, volume factor, and solubility of gas and flash viscosity of heavy phase all increased with the rise of carbon dioxide concentration in the mixture. The best concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was 26%, when the heavy oil expanded the most and the viscosity of the heavy phase was the lowest. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture was between 10% and 26%, the volume of the light phase was the smallest and the oil displacement effect was the best.
