The filling and exhausting processes in a pneumatic system are involved with many factors, and numerical solutions of many partial differential equations are always adapted in the study of those processes, which have ...The filling and exhausting processes in a pneumatic system are involved with many factors, and numerical solutions of many partial differential equations are always adapted in the study of those processes, which have been proved to be troublesome and less intuitive. Analytical solutions based on loss-less tube model and average friction tube model are found respectively by using fluid net theory, and they fit the experimental results well. The research work shows that： Fluid net theory can be used to solve the analytical solution of filling and exhausting processes of pneumatic system, and the result of loss-less tube model is close to that of average friction model, so loss-less tube model is recommended since it is simpler, and the difference between filling time and exhausting time is determined by initial and final pressures, the volume of container and the section area of tube, and has nothing to do with the length of the tube.展开更多
A coupled model among flow field,solid temperature,species concentration and gas radiation,which was based on statistical narrow-band correlated-k model,was employed to predict the infrared radiations from hot exhaust...A coupled model among flow field,solid temperature,species concentration and gas radiation,which was based on statistical narrow-band correlated-k model,was employed to predict the infrared radiations from hot exhausting nozzles. The parameters of narrow-band model were deduced from HITEMP line-by-line database. Several methods to increase computational efficiency and to save computational resources were employed,thus all the complicated computations could be operated on a personal computer. The predictions for three cases have been conducted to validate the accuracy of the methods mentioned above,including the temperature distribution of a water-cooling nozzle in rocket engines,the carbon dioxide absorptivity at the wavelength of 4.3 micron and the infrared radiation of a cylindrical furnace. Finally,the aerothermodynamic and infrared characteristics of two nozzles were predicted. It was shown that the infrared radiation intensity of chevron ejecting nozzle were obviously smaller than that of common axisymmetric convergent-divergent nozzle.展开更多
The underwater heat exhausting source can cause the thermal difference of the surrounding and surface water.In this paper,the thermal character caused by the underwater heat exhausting source is studied by numerical s...The underwater heat exhausting source can cause the thermal difference of the surrounding and surface water.In this paper,the thermal character caused by the underwater heat exhausting source is studied by numerical simulation and experiment.The results show that the thermal floating distance is related with the sailing velocity of the underwater target.The higher the velocity is,the longer the hot wake is,and the broader the hot scope is.The relative distance of the thermal floating spot is almost in a logarithmic law with the velocity.The experimental results are accordant with the numerical simulation,and the obvious hot wake can be observed by the moving underwater heat exhausting source testing with temperature sensors and infrared camera.展开更多
We show that if a bounded domain Ω is exhausted by a bounded strictly pseudoconvex domain D with C^2 boundary, then Ω is holomorphically equivalent to D or the unit ball, and show that a bounded domain has to be hol...We show that if a bounded domain Ω is exhausted by a bounded strictly pseudoconvex domain D with C^2 boundary, then Ω is holomorphically equivalent to D or the unit ball, and show that a bounded domain has to be holomorphically equivalent to the unit ball if its Fridman's invariant has certain growth condition near the boundary.展开更多
As the United States marks the fifth anniversary of the September 11 terrorist attacks, will it change its controversial antiterrorism strategy? Five years after the United States launched its war on terror, the terro...As the United States marks the fifth anniversary of the September 11 terrorist attacks, will it change its controversial antiterrorism strategy? Five years after the United States launched its war on terror, the terrorist threat the world faces is mounting instead of declining, experts say. For many years before the Al Qaeda attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, the world suffered one major terrorist attack every two years, but since then,展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to establish the concept of overcoming exhaustion,providing a reference basis for nursing management and conducting related nursing research.Methods:Liehr and Smith’s three-phase,nine-step...Objectives:This study aimed to establish the concept of overcoming exhaustion,providing a reference basis for nursing management and conducting related nursing research.Methods:Liehr and Smith’s three-phase,nine-step concept-building process was used to create the concept of overcoming exhaustion.The nine steps were as follows:1)write a practice story;2)name the emerging concept;3)select a theoretical lens;4)link concept to literature;5)gather a concept story;6)identify final core qualities;7)formulate concept definition;8)create a concept model;and 9)specify the concept building synthesis.Results:The concept of overcoming exhaustion was identified based on the elements of a practice story,the life experiences of nurses who struggle with the demands of caring for their patients,their families,and themselves.The theory of self-transcendence was then recognized as the theoretical lens from which to ground the concept.The core qualities,despair and moments of calmness,were derived from the literature and confirmed through a concept story.A definition of the concept integrating the core qualities was formed:overcoming exhaustion involves realizing moments of calmness amidst despair.A model was created to demonstrate the relationship between core qualities,despair,and moments of calmness.Conclusions:The concept of overcoming exhaustion was developed and,through the concept-building process,was defined as realizing moments of calmness amidst despair.By identifying the complexities of overcoming exhaustion,this work lays the foundation for a future research program to develop understanding and interventions that support nurse well-being in the context of ongoing personal and professional demands.展开更多
Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to em...Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion is essential for developing effective interventions.The present research sought to investigate the potential mediating roles of rumination and coping strategies(adaptive and maladaptive)in the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out between September 2023 and January 2024 involving 576 pharmacists working in public hospitals in Punjab who met the inclusion criteria and actively participated in the study.We employed the Perceived Stress Scale,the Ruminative Response Scale,the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory(COPE),and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory(OLBI)to assess the hypothesized study model.Path analysis was employed to test the hypothesized mediation model,incorporating simple and chain mediation processes.Results:The findings provided empirical evidence supporting a positive association between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion.Rumination significantlymediated this relationship.Further,both adaptive andmaladaptive coping strategieswere found tomediate this relationship,withmaladaptive coping demonstrating amore substantial impact.Conclusion:The chainmediation model demonstrated that rumination and coping strategies(both maladaptive and adaptive)significantly mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Specifically,rumination was found to be a key mediator,with maladaptive coping strategies having a more substantial impact.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion in the pharmacy profession.展开更多
The Brief Interactive Optimism Scale (BIOS-G), recently published, was developed to measure optimism based on the interactive personality styles theory in the general population of Mexican adults. It has been validate...The Brief Interactive Optimism Scale (BIOS-G), recently published, was developed to measure optimism based on the interactive personality styles theory in the general population of Mexican adults. It has been validated in both the general population in Mexico and other Latin American countries. This study aims to further consolidate the validity of the BIOS-G in a specific population. The objectives are to assess the psychometric properties of its items, validate its unidimensional structure, describe its distribution, verify its internal consistency, and examine its direct relationship with affective balance and positive affect, as well as its inverse relationship with emotional exhaustion and negative affect among Mexican university teachers. The BIOS-G, the CESQT emotional exhaustion subscale, and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) were administered to a non-probability sample of 213 Mexican university teachers. All items demonstrated discriminative power and internal consistency. The scale showed internal consistency (Green-Yang ordinal ω = 0.74 and McDonald ordinal ω = 0.88). The one-factor model presented good to acceptable fit to the data, with an average variance extracted of 0.65. Its distribution was negatively skewed and mesokurtic. The BIOS-G correlated directly with SPANE’s affective balance and positive emotional experiences and inversely with negative emotional experiences and emotional exhaustion, with moderate strengths of association. Its mean score was higher in men than in women and correlated positively with age. It is concluded that the BIOS-G demonstrates internal consistency and validity evidence among Mexican university teachers, and its use in this specific population is recommended.展开更多
This study investigated the relationship between AI anxiety and deviant behavior,as well as the roles of emotional exhaustion and leader support in this context.The sample comprised 381 Chinese e-commerce employees(72...This study investigated the relationship between AI anxiety and deviant behavior,as well as the roles of emotional exhaustion and leader support in this context.The sample comprised 381 Chinese e-commerce employees(72.7%female,age range 21–36 years).The results of the Process model analysis indicate that AI anxiety significantly is associated with higher deviant behaviour.Emotional exhaustion partially mediates this relationship between AI anxiety and employee deviant behavior exacerbating deviant behaviour.Leader support moderates the AI anxiety effect on emotional exhaustion such that when leader support is low.AI anxiety is associated with higher emotional exhaustion among employees.By implication,high levels of leader support can alleviate AI anxiety of employees.Employer organizations should provide appropriate guidance when introducing AI technology to prevent AI anxiety and associated emotional exhaustion and deviant behavior.展开更多
This paper presented a novel and environmentally friendly approach for recovering platinum group metals(PGMs)from spent automotive exhaust catalysts.The study employed lead slag and waste graphite electrodes as raw ma...This paper presented a novel and environmentally friendly approach for recovering platinum group metals(PGMs)from spent automotive exhaust catalysts.The study employed lead slag and waste graphite electrodes as raw materials,incorporating CaO as an additive to fine-tune the slag's viscosity and density.By reducing FeO in the lead slag using waste graphite electrodes,pure Fe was obtained,effectively trapping the PGMs from the exhausted catalysts.The study explored the effects of reductant addition,trapping duration,slag basicity,and trapping temperature on the recovery rate of PGMs.The results indicated that a maximum recovery rate of 97.86%was achieved when the reductant was added at 1.5 times the theoretical amount,with a trapping duration of 60 minutes,a slag basicity of 0.7,and a trapping temperature of 1600℃.This research offered a greener pathway for the recovery of PGMs from spent automotive exhaust catalysts.展开更多
Scientists have devoted considerable effort overs several decades to reduce automobile exhaust emissions,and one practical and important strategy is the catalytic conversion of nitric oxide(NO)[1].Previous studies hav...Scientists have devoted considerable effort overs several decades to reduce automobile exhaust emissions,and one practical and important strategy is the catalytic conversion of nitric oxide(NO)[1].Previous studies have shown that lanthanide(Ln)metals can catalytically reduce NO.Thus,the reactions of NO with Ln to form lanthanide-nitric oxide(LnNO)complexes have been designed and served as the simplest prototype molecules for studying NO chemisorption on metal surfaces[2].展开更多
The small punch test technique facilitates the convenient acquisition of the mechanical properties of in-service equipment materials and the assessment of their remaining service life through sampling.However,the weld...The small punch test technique facilitates the convenient acquisition of the mechanical properties of in-service equipment materials and the assessment of their remaining service life through sampling.However,the weldability of components with thin walls after small punch sampling,such as ethylene cracking furnace tubes,requires further investigation.Therefore,the weldability of in-service ethylene cracking furnace tubes following small punch sampling was investigated through nondestructive testing,microstructural characterization,and mechanical testing.Additionally,the impact of small punch sampling size and residual stress on the creep performance of the specimens was studied using an improved ductility exhaustion model.The results indicate that both the surface and interior of the weld repair areas on new furnace tubes and service-exposed furnace tubes after small-punch sampling are defect-free,exhibiting good weld quality.The strength of the specimens after weld repair was higher than that before sampling,whereas toughness decreased.Weld repair following small punch sampling of furnace tubes is both feasible and necessary.Furthermore,a linear relationship was observed between specimen thickness,diameter,and creep fracture time.The residual stress of welding affects the creep performance of the specimen under different stresses.展开更多
The effect of gradient exhaust strategy and blind plate installation on the inhibition of backflow and thermal stratification in data center cabinets is systematically investigated in this study through numericalmetho...The effect of gradient exhaust strategy and blind plate installation on the inhibition of backflow and thermal stratification in data center cabinets is systematically investigated in this study through numericalmethods.The validated Re-Normalization Group(RNG)k-ε turbulence model was used to analyze airflow patterns within cabinet structures equipped with backplane air conditioning.Key findings reveal that server-generated thermal plumes induce hot air accumulation at the cabinet apex,creating a 0.8℃ temperature elevation at the top server’s inlet compared to the ideal situation(23℃).Strategic increases in backplane fan exhaust airflow rates reduce server 1’s inlet temperature from 26.1℃(0%redundancy case)to 23.1℃(40%redundancy case).Gradient exhaust strategies achieve equivalent server temperature performance to uniform exhaust distributions while requiring 25%less redundant airflow.This approach decreases the recirculation ratio from1.52%(uniformexhaust at 15%redundancy)to 0.57%(gradient exhaust at equivalent redundancy).Comparative analyses demonstrate divergent thermal behaviors:in bottom-server-absent configurations,gradient exhaust reduces top server inlet temperatures by 1.6℃vs.uniformexhaust,whereas top-serverabsent configurations exhibit a 1.8℃ temperature increase under gradient conditions.The blind plate implementation achieves a 0.4℃ top server temperature reduction compared to 15%-redundancy uniform exhaust systems without requiring additional airflow redundancy.Partially installed server arrangements with blind plates maintain thermal characteristics comparable to fully populated cabinets.This study validates gradient exhaust and blind plate technologies as effective countermeasures against cabinet-scale thermal recirculation,providing actionable insights for optimizing backplane air conditioning systems in mission-critical data center environments.展开更多
Two environmentalists using bamboo bicycles to promote green transportation.THE exhaust emissions generated by transporting the world’s population on a daily basis are one of the main sources of greenhouse gases.Vehi...Two environmentalists using bamboo bicycles to promote green transportation.THE exhaust emissions generated by transporting the world’s population on a daily basis are one of the main sources of greenhouse gases.Vehicles such as cars,subways,and motorcycles,all produce carbon emissions.展开更多
Based on 5G and IoT technology,this study addresses the issues of manual control dependency,poor reliability,and high labor costs in traditional ceramic kiln exhaust cover operations.An intelligent control system for ...Based on 5G and IoT technology,this study addresses the issues of manual control dependency,poor reliability,and high labor costs in traditional ceramic kiln exhaust cover operations.An intelligent control system for kiln exhaust covers was designed in this paper.The system employs temperature measurement devices to monitor the internal temperature of the kiln in real time.A controller automatically operates the actuator to open or close the kiln exhaust cover based on temperature measurements.Additionally,the system integrates data transmission units and cloud services,enabling remote monitoring of kiln temperature and historical data storage.Experimental results demonstrate that the system effectively reduces labor costs and significantly enhances the IoT capabilities of kiln operations.展开更多
CAR-T cell therapy demonstrates tremendous potential for tumor treatment,yet faces challenges in solid tumor therapy due to immune suppression,T-cell exhaustion,and cytokine release syndrome(CRS)induced by the tumor m...CAR-T cell therapy demonstrates tremendous potential for tumor treatment,yet faces challenges in solid tumor therapy due to immune suppression,T-cell exhaustion,and cytokine release syndrome(CRS)induced by the tumor microenvironment(TME).Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)holds substantial potential to enhance CAR-T efficacy and mitigate adverse reactions due to its multi-targeted advantages.TCM active ingredients and formulations can synergistically amplify CAR-T anti-tumor effects while reducing adverse events through multiple mechanisms,including reversing T-cell exhaustion,prolonging CAR-T cell persistence,improving TME hypoxia and fibrosis,modulating gut microbiota,and suppressing CRS.This benefits patient treatment and recovery.Combining TCM with CAR-T therapy can increase objective response rates,prolong cell persistence,and reduce CRS incidence.Future efforts will focus on exploring the precise mechanisms and standardized protocols for TCM-enhanced CAR-T treatment through high-quality clinical trials and multi-omics technologies,driving its clinical translation and application.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is one of the most common degenerative and age-related diseases in joints,which affects 654 million people worldwide.Current therapies could not fundamentally reverse the pathologic process of OA due...Osteoarthritis(OA)is one of the most common degenerative and age-related diseases in joints,which affects 654 million people worldwide.Current therapies could not fundamentally reverse the pathologic process of OA due to the complex pathogenesis.Although OA mechanisms have been investigated on a large scale over the past decade,the OA pathology correlated with aging-associated changes is still largely unrevealed.Therefore,in-depth analysis of the aging microenvironment and aging-related molecular mechanisms in OA may offer additional strategies for clinical prevention and treatment.In this review,we discuss the potential pathogenesis of OA in light of aging-associated changes and summarize three main components of the aging microenvironment of the OA joint:immune homeostatic imbalance,cellular senescence,and stem cell exhaustion,which could be induced by aging and further exacerbate OA progression.Additionally,it is emphasized that immune homeostatic imbalance appears before established OA,which occurs in the early stage and is the therapeutic window of opportunity for better clinical outcomes.Importantly,we evaluate recent therapeutic targets and promising interventions against these components,as well as the challenges and prospects for precise and individualized therapies of OA patients,which we believe would guide the construction of novel combined strategies targeting aging-related factors against OA for better treatments in the future.展开更多
Hydrocarbons(HCs)exert toxic effects on the activity of Cu-based zeolite catalysts for NH_(3)-SCR on diesel vehicles.This study inve stigated the hydrocarbon resistance of both fresh and hydrothermally aged high-silic...Hydrocarbons(HCs)exert toxic effects on the activity of Cu-based zeolite catalysts for NH_(3)-SCR on diesel vehicles.This study inve stigated the hydrocarbon resistance of both fresh and hydrothermally aged high-silica Cu-SSZ-16 catalysts.It was found that low-temperature activity of Cu-SSZ-16 catalyst decreased after C_(3)H_(6) poisoning,which was mainly due to the blockage of pore channels and the coverage of Cu active sites as well as acid sites by the formation of carbon deposits.Additionally,[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z was proposed to be more easily affected by C_(3)H_(6) poisoning than Cu^(2+)-2Z.Hydrothermally aged Cu-SSZ-16 presented better C_(3)H_(6) resistance than the fresh catalyst since less carbon deposits were accumulated and[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species were partially transformed to more-stable Cu^(2+)-2Z in the aged sample.This was probably because of the reduction of acid sites and the formation of CuO_(x),which enhanced the oxidation of C_(3)H_(6),thereby inhibiting the formation of carbon deposits.In addition,the coverage of the active Cu species also influenced the adsorption and oxidation of NO,causing a decrease in low-temperature activity.Thus,the low-temperature activity could be fully recovered by hydrothermal treatment at 500℃due to the removal of carbon deposits and recovery of Cu active sites as well as acid sites.In summary,high-silica CuSSZ-16,with high resistance to HCs and excellent hydrothermal stability,is a competitive candidate as a catalyst for the NH_(3)-SCR reaction in practical application.展开更多
The high melting point element W and the rare earth element Ce were added to 18Cr-Mo(444-type)ferritic stainless steel to improve its high-temperature oxidation resistance in exhaust gas.A simulated exhaust gas was fi...The high melting point element W and the rare earth element Ce were added to 18Cr-Mo(444-type)ferritic stainless steel to improve its high-temperature oxidation resistance in exhaust gas.A simulated exhaust gas was filled in the simultaneous thermal analyzer to simulate the service environment,and the oxidation behavior in high-temperature exhaust gas environment of 444-type ferritic stainless steel alloyed with W and Ce was investigated.The oxide structure and composition formed in this process were analyzed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy and electron probe analysis,and the mechanism of W and Ce in the oxidation process was revealed.The results show that 18Cr-Mo ferritic stainless steel containing W and Ce has better oxidation resistance in high-temperature exhaust gas.The element W can promote the precipitation of Laves phase at the matrix/interface,inhibit the interface diffusion of oxidizing elements and prevent the inward growth of the oxide film.The element Ce can suppress the volume of SiO_(2)at the oxide film/interface,reducing the breakaway oxidation caused by cracking of the oxide film.The CeO_(2)provides nucleation sites for oxide particles,promoting the healing of cracks and voids within the oxide film.展开更多
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50575209).
文摘The filling and exhausting processes in a pneumatic system are involved with many factors, and numerical solutions of many partial differential equations are always adapted in the study of those processes, which have been proved to be troublesome and less intuitive. Analytical solutions based on loss-less tube model and average friction tube model are found respectively by using fluid net theory, and they fit the experimental results well. The research work shows that： Fluid net theory can be used to solve the analytical solution of filling and exhausting processes of pneumatic system, and the result of loss-less tube model is close to that of average friction model, so loss-less tube model is recommended since it is simpler, and the difference between filling time and exhausting time is determined by initial and final pressures, the volume of container and the section area of tube, and has nothing to do with the length of the tube.
文摘A coupled model among flow field,solid temperature,species concentration and gas radiation,which was based on statistical narrow-band correlated-k model,was employed to predict the infrared radiations from hot exhausting nozzles. The parameters of narrow-band model were deduced from HITEMP line-by-line database. Several methods to increase computational efficiency and to save computational resources were employed,thus all the complicated computations could be operated on a personal computer. The predictions for three cases have been conducted to validate the accuracy of the methods mentioned above,including the temperature distribution of a water-cooling nozzle in rocket engines,the carbon dioxide absorptivity at the wavelength of 4.3 micron and the infrared radiation of a cylindrical furnace. Finally,the aerothermodynamic and infrared characteristics of two nozzles were predicted. It was shown that the infrared radiation intensity of chevron ejecting nozzle were obviously smaller than that of common axisymmetric convergent-divergent nozzle.
基金supported by Key Laboratory for National Defence of Underwater Observing and Control Technology fund number 9140c2603100805
文摘The underwater heat exhausting source can cause the thermal difference of the surrounding and surface water.In this paper,the thermal character caused by the underwater heat exhausting source is studied by numerical simulation and experiment.The results show that the thermal floating distance is related with the sailing velocity of the underwater target.The higher the velocity is,the longer the hot wake is,and the broader the hot scope is.The relative distance of the thermal floating spot is almost in a logarithmic law with the velocity.The experimental results are accordant with the numerical simulation,and the obvious hot wake can be observed by the moving underwater heat exhausting source testing with temperature sensors and infrared camera.
基金Supported by NSFC(Grants Nos.11371025 and 11871451)the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘We show that if a bounded domain Ω is exhausted by a bounded strictly pseudoconvex domain D with C^2 boundary, then Ω is holomorphically equivalent to D or the unit ball, and show that a bounded domain has to be holomorphically equivalent to the unit ball if its Fridman's invariant has certain growth condition near the boundary.
文摘As the United States marks the fifth anniversary of the September 11 terrorist attacks, will it change its controversial antiterrorism strategy? Five years after the United States launched its war on terror, the terrorist threat the world faces is mounting instead of declining, experts say. For many years before the Al Qaeda attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, the world suffered one major terrorist attack every two years, but since then,
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to establish the concept of overcoming exhaustion,providing a reference basis for nursing management and conducting related nursing research.Methods:Liehr and Smith’s three-phase,nine-step concept-building process was used to create the concept of overcoming exhaustion.The nine steps were as follows:1)write a practice story;2)name the emerging concept;3)select a theoretical lens;4)link concept to literature;5)gather a concept story;6)identify final core qualities;7)formulate concept definition;8)create a concept model;and 9)specify the concept building synthesis.Results:The concept of overcoming exhaustion was identified based on the elements of a practice story,the life experiences of nurses who struggle with the demands of caring for their patients,their families,and themselves.The theory of self-transcendence was then recognized as the theoretical lens from which to ground the concept.The core qualities,despair and moments of calmness,were derived from the literature and confirmed through a concept story.A definition of the concept integrating the core qualities was formed:overcoming exhaustion involves realizing moments of calmness amidst despair.A model was created to demonstrate the relationship between core qualities,despair,and moments of calmness.Conclusions:The concept of overcoming exhaustion was developed and,through the concept-building process,was defined as realizing moments of calmness amidst despair.By identifying the complexities of overcoming exhaustion,this work lays the foundation for a future research program to develop understanding and interventions that support nurse well-being in the context of ongoing personal and professional demands.
基金supported by Social Policy Grant through Nazarbayev University,Kazakhstan.
文摘Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion is essential for developing effective interventions.The present research sought to investigate the potential mediating roles of rumination and coping strategies(adaptive and maladaptive)in the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out between September 2023 and January 2024 involving 576 pharmacists working in public hospitals in Punjab who met the inclusion criteria and actively participated in the study.We employed the Perceived Stress Scale,the Ruminative Response Scale,the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory(COPE),and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory(OLBI)to assess the hypothesized study model.Path analysis was employed to test the hypothesized mediation model,incorporating simple and chain mediation processes.Results:The findings provided empirical evidence supporting a positive association between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion.Rumination significantlymediated this relationship.Further,both adaptive andmaladaptive coping strategieswere found tomediate this relationship,withmaladaptive coping demonstrating amore substantial impact.Conclusion:The chainmediation model demonstrated that rumination and coping strategies(both maladaptive and adaptive)significantly mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Specifically,rumination was found to be a key mediator,with maladaptive coping strategies having a more substantial impact.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion in the pharmacy profession.
文摘The Brief Interactive Optimism Scale (BIOS-G), recently published, was developed to measure optimism based on the interactive personality styles theory in the general population of Mexican adults. It has been validated in both the general population in Mexico and other Latin American countries. This study aims to further consolidate the validity of the BIOS-G in a specific population. The objectives are to assess the psychometric properties of its items, validate its unidimensional structure, describe its distribution, verify its internal consistency, and examine its direct relationship with affective balance and positive affect, as well as its inverse relationship with emotional exhaustion and negative affect among Mexican university teachers. The BIOS-G, the CESQT emotional exhaustion subscale, and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) were administered to a non-probability sample of 213 Mexican university teachers. All items demonstrated discriminative power and internal consistency. The scale showed internal consistency (Green-Yang ordinal ω = 0.74 and McDonald ordinal ω = 0.88). The one-factor model presented good to acceptable fit to the data, with an average variance extracted of 0.65. Its distribution was negatively skewed and mesokurtic. The BIOS-G correlated directly with SPANE’s affective balance and positive emotional experiences and inversely with negative emotional experiences and emotional exhaustion, with moderate strengths of association. Its mean score was higher in men than in women and correlated positively with age. It is concluded that the BIOS-G demonstrates internal consistency and validity evidence among Mexican university teachers, and its use in this specific population is recommended.
基金funded by Guangxi Eco-Engineering Vocational&Technical College Talent Introduction Research Project and 2024 Guangxi Vocational Education Teaching Reform Research Project grant number[GXSTKYZX20240603]and[GXGZJG2024B125]and the APC was funded by GEVT College.
文摘This study investigated the relationship between AI anxiety and deviant behavior,as well as the roles of emotional exhaustion and leader support in this context.The sample comprised 381 Chinese e-commerce employees(72.7%female,age range 21–36 years).The results of the Process model analysis indicate that AI anxiety significantly is associated with higher deviant behaviour.Emotional exhaustion partially mediates this relationship between AI anxiety and employee deviant behavior exacerbating deviant behaviour.Leader support moderates the AI anxiety effect on emotional exhaustion such that when leader support is low.AI anxiety is associated with higher emotional exhaustion among employees.By implication,high levels of leader support can alleviate AI anxiety of employees.Employer organizations should provide appropriate guidance when introducing AI technology to prevent AI anxiety and associated emotional exhaustion and deviant behavior.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(No.252300421563)the Key Research Projects of Henan Provincial Colleges and Universities(No.25B450001)+3 种基金the Basic and Frontier Research Project of Nanyang(No.24JCQY032)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52201044)the Key Specialized Research&Development and Promotion Project(Scientific and Technological Project)of Henan Province(No.232102221022)the Basic and Frontier Technology Research Project of Nanyang(No.23JCQY1001)。
文摘This paper presented a novel and environmentally friendly approach for recovering platinum group metals(PGMs)from spent automotive exhaust catalysts.The study employed lead slag and waste graphite electrodes as raw materials,incorporating CaO as an additive to fine-tune the slag's viscosity and density.By reducing FeO in the lead slag using waste graphite electrodes,pure Fe was obtained,effectively trapping the PGMs from the exhausted catalysts.The study explored the effects of reductant addition,trapping duration,slag basicity,and trapping temperature on the recovery rate of PGMs.The results indicated that a maximum recovery rate of 97.86%was achieved when the reductant was added at 1.5 times the theoretical amount,with a trapping duration of 60 minutes,a slag basicity of 0.7,and a trapping temperature of 1600℃.This research offered a greener pathway for the recovery of PGMs from spent automotive exhaust catalysts.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3501501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276013)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2242009)for financial support,and thank Tianhe2-JK HPC for generous computer time.
文摘Scientists have devoted considerable effort overs several decades to reduce automobile exhaust emissions,and one practical and important strategy is the catalytic conversion of nitric oxide(NO)[1].Previous studies have shown that lanthanide(Ln)metals can catalytically reduce NO.Thus,the reactions of NO with Ln to form lanthanide-nitric oxide(LnNO)complexes have been designed and served as the simplest prototype molecules for studying NO chemisorption on metal surfaces[2].
基金supports provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372330).
文摘The small punch test technique facilitates the convenient acquisition of the mechanical properties of in-service equipment materials and the assessment of their remaining service life through sampling.However,the weldability of components with thin walls after small punch sampling,such as ethylene cracking furnace tubes,requires further investigation.Therefore,the weldability of in-service ethylene cracking furnace tubes following small punch sampling was investigated through nondestructive testing,microstructural characterization,and mechanical testing.Additionally,the impact of small punch sampling size and residual stress on the creep performance of the specimens was studied using an improved ductility exhaustion model.The results indicate that both the surface and interior of the weld repair areas on new furnace tubes and service-exposed furnace tubes after small-punch sampling are defect-free,exhibiting good weld quality.The strength of the specimens after weld repair was higher than that before sampling,whereas toughness decreased.Weld repair following small punch sampling of furnace tubes is both feasible and necessary.Furthermore,a linear relationship was observed between specimen thickness,diameter,and creep fracture time.The residual stress of welding affects the creep performance of the specimen under different stresses.
基金financially supported by the Basic Research Funds for the Central Government“Innovative Team of Zhejiang University”under contract number(2022FZZX01-09).
文摘The effect of gradient exhaust strategy and blind plate installation on the inhibition of backflow and thermal stratification in data center cabinets is systematically investigated in this study through numericalmethods.The validated Re-Normalization Group(RNG)k-ε turbulence model was used to analyze airflow patterns within cabinet structures equipped with backplane air conditioning.Key findings reveal that server-generated thermal plumes induce hot air accumulation at the cabinet apex,creating a 0.8℃ temperature elevation at the top server’s inlet compared to the ideal situation(23℃).Strategic increases in backplane fan exhaust airflow rates reduce server 1’s inlet temperature from 26.1℃(0%redundancy case)to 23.1℃(40%redundancy case).Gradient exhaust strategies achieve equivalent server temperature performance to uniform exhaust distributions while requiring 25%less redundant airflow.This approach decreases the recirculation ratio from1.52%(uniformexhaust at 15%redundancy)to 0.57%(gradient exhaust at equivalent redundancy).Comparative analyses demonstrate divergent thermal behaviors:in bottom-server-absent configurations,gradient exhaust reduces top server inlet temperatures by 1.6℃vs.uniformexhaust,whereas top-serverabsent configurations exhibit a 1.8℃ temperature increase under gradient conditions.The blind plate implementation achieves a 0.4℃ top server temperature reduction compared to 15%-redundancy uniform exhaust systems without requiring additional airflow redundancy.Partially installed server arrangements with blind plates maintain thermal characteristics comparable to fully populated cabinets.This study validates gradient exhaust and blind plate technologies as effective countermeasures against cabinet-scale thermal recirculation,providing actionable insights for optimizing backplane air conditioning systems in mission-critical data center environments.
文摘Two environmentalists using bamboo bicycles to promote green transportation.THE exhaust emissions generated by transporting the world’s population on a daily basis are one of the main sources of greenhouse gases.Vehicles such as cars,subways,and motorcycles,all produce carbon emissions.
基金supported by Jiangxi 03 Special and 5G Project(20232ABC03A33)Ganpo Talent Support Program(20232BCJ23106)。
文摘Based on 5G and IoT technology,this study addresses the issues of manual control dependency,poor reliability,and high labor costs in traditional ceramic kiln exhaust cover operations.An intelligent control system for kiln exhaust covers was designed in this paper.The system employs temperature measurement devices to monitor the internal temperature of the kiln in real time.A controller automatically operates the actuator to open or close the kiln exhaust cover based on temperature measurements.Additionally,the system integrates data transmission units and cloud services,enabling remote monitoring of kiln temperature and historical data storage.Experimental results demonstrate that the system effectively reduces labor costs and significantly enhances the IoT capabilities of kiln operations.
文摘CAR-T cell therapy demonstrates tremendous potential for tumor treatment,yet faces challenges in solid tumor therapy due to immune suppression,T-cell exhaustion,and cytokine release syndrome(CRS)induced by the tumor microenvironment(TME).Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)holds substantial potential to enhance CAR-T efficacy and mitigate adverse reactions due to its multi-targeted advantages.TCM active ingredients and formulations can synergistically amplify CAR-T anti-tumor effects while reducing adverse events through multiple mechanisms,including reversing T-cell exhaustion,prolonging CAR-T cell persistence,improving TME hypoxia and fibrosis,modulating gut microbiota,and suppressing CRS.This benefits patient treatment and recovery.Combining TCM with CAR-T therapy can increase objective response rates,prolong cell persistence,and reduce CRS incidence.Future efforts will focus on exploring the precise mechanisms and standardized protocols for TCM-enhanced CAR-T treatment through high-quality clinical trials and multi-omics technologies,driving its clinical translation and application.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370892)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23141901200)+3 种基金Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(24ZR1450100)Health Commission of Shanghai Municipality(2022JC029)Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute Cooperative Research Project,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine(2022LHA11)Talent-Introduction Program of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine(2022YJRC05).
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is one of the most common degenerative and age-related diseases in joints,which affects 654 million people worldwide.Current therapies could not fundamentally reverse the pathologic process of OA due to the complex pathogenesis.Although OA mechanisms have been investigated on a large scale over the past decade,the OA pathology correlated with aging-associated changes is still largely unrevealed.Therefore,in-depth analysis of the aging microenvironment and aging-related molecular mechanisms in OA may offer additional strategies for clinical prevention and treatment.In this review,we discuss the potential pathogenesis of OA in light of aging-associated changes and summarize three main components of the aging microenvironment of the OA joint:immune homeostatic imbalance,cellular senescence,and stem cell exhaustion,which could be induced by aging and further exacerbate OA progression.Additionally,it is emphasized that immune homeostatic imbalance appears before established OA,which occurs in the early stage and is the therapeutic window of opportunity for better clinical outcomes.Importantly,we evaluate recent therapeutic targets and promising interventions against these components,as well as the challenges and prospects for precise and individualized therapies of OA patients,which we believe would guide the construction of novel combined strategies targeting aging-related factors against OA for better treatments in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52225004,22402220,and 52200136)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFC3704400 and 2022YFC3701804)the Construction Project of National New Material Production and Application Demonstration Platform(No.TC220H06N)。
文摘Hydrocarbons(HCs)exert toxic effects on the activity of Cu-based zeolite catalysts for NH_(3)-SCR on diesel vehicles.This study inve stigated the hydrocarbon resistance of both fresh and hydrothermally aged high-silica Cu-SSZ-16 catalysts.It was found that low-temperature activity of Cu-SSZ-16 catalyst decreased after C_(3)H_(6) poisoning,which was mainly due to the blockage of pore channels and the coverage of Cu active sites as well as acid sites by the formation of carbon deposits.Additionally,[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z was proposed to be more easily affected by C_(3)H_(6) poisoning than Cu^(2+)-2Z.Hydrothermally aged Cu-SSZ-16 presented better C_(3)H_(6) resistance than the fresh catalyst since less carbon deposits were accumulated and[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species were partially transformed to more-stable Cu^(2+)-2Z in the aged sample.This was probably because of the reduction of acid sites and the formation of CuO_(x),which enhanced the oxidation of C_(3)H_(6),thereby inhibiting the formation of carbon deposits.In addition,the coverage of the active Cu species also influenced the adsorption and oxidation of NO,causing a decrease in low-temperature activity.Thus,the low-temperature activity could be fully recovered by hydrothermal treatment at 500℃due to the removal of carbon deposits and recovery of Cu active sites as well as acid sites.In summary,high-silica CuSSZ-16,with high resistance to HCs and excellent hydrothermal stability,is a competitive candidate as a catalyst for the NH_(3)-SCR reaction in practical application.
基金the joint financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Baowu Group Co.,Ltd.(Grant No.U1660205)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2007001).
文摘The high melting point element W and the rare earth element Ce were added to 18Cr-Mo(444-type)ferritic stainless steel to improve its high-temperature oxidation resistance in exhaust gas.A simulated exhaust gas was filled in the simultaneous thermal analyzer to simulate the service environment,and the oxidation behavior in high-temperature exhaust gas environment of 444-type ferritic stainless steel alloyed with W and Ce was investigated.The oxide structure and composition formed in this process were analyzed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy and electron probe analysis,and the mechanism of W and Ce in the oxidation process was revealed.The results show that 18Cr-Mo ferritic stainless steel containing W and Ce has better oxidation resistance in high-temperature exhaust gas.The element W can promote the precipitation of Laves phase at the matrix/interface,inhibit the interface diffusion of oxidizing elements and prevent the inward growth of the oxide film.The element Ce can suppress the volume of SiO_(2)at the oxide film/interface,reducing the breakaway oxidation caused by cracking of the oxide film.The CeO_(2)provides nucleation sites for oxide particles,promoting the healing of cracks and voids within the oxide film.
