Solar-driven energy conversion is a promising technology for a sustainable energy future and environmental remediation, and an efficient catalyst is a key factor. Recently, metal halide perovskites(MHPs) have emerged ...Solar-driven energy conversion is a promising technology for a sustainable energy future and environmental remediation, and an efficient catalyst is a key factor. Recently, metal halide perovskites(MHPs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts due to their exceptional photoelectronic properties and low-cost solution processing, enabling successful applications in H_(2) evolution, CO_(2) reduction, organic synthesis, and pollutant degradation. Despite these successes, the practical applications of MHPs are limited by their water instability. In this review, the recently developed strategies driving MHPcatalyzed reactions in aqueous media are outlined. We first articulate the structures and properties of MHPs, followed by elaborating on the origin of instability in MHPs. Then, we highlight the advances in solar-driven MHPbased catalytic systems in aqueous solutions, focusing on developing external protection strategies and intrinsically water-stable MHP materials. With each approach offering peculiar sets of advantages and challenges, we conclude by outlining potentially promising opportunities and directions for MHP-based photocatalysis research in aqueous conditions moving forward. We anticipate that this timely review will provide some inspiration for the design of MHPbased photocatalysts, manifestly stimulating their applications in aqueous environments for solar-to-chemical energy conversion.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of dried fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eous for its anti-platelet activity on human volunteer＇s blood. And also to analyze the free radical scav...Objective： To evaluate the ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of dried fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eous for its anti-platelet activity on human volunteer＇s blood. And also to analyze the free radical scavenging property of the extracts of P.eous by using various in vitro models. Methods： Anti-platelet activity of dried fruiting bodies of P.eous was evaluated by in vitro model using blood platelets. Inhibition of platelet aggregation was monitored after pre-incubation of platelets with the crude extracts of mushroom P.eous. Antioxidant activities of extracts of P.eous were evaluated by different in vitro experiments, namely, 1, 1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl （DPPH）, superoxide, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide radical models. Results： Crude extracts of mushroom P.eous inhibited platelet aggregation dose-dependently which was induced by adenosine diphosphate （ADP）. At a maximum concentration of 10 mg/mL, methanol extract effected 64.02% inhibition of lipid per-oxidation and 50.12% scavenging effect on superoxide anion radical. Aqueous extract of P.eous have shown 69.43% chelating ability on ferrous ions, 24.27% scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical and 49.57% scavenging effect on DPPH radical at 10 mg/mL. Increasing concentrations of the extract were found to cause progressively decreasing of the intensity of absorbance. Conclusions： Anti-platelet effects could be related in part to the polyphenolic compounds present in the extracts. Antioxidant activity results indicated the free radical scavenging property of the extracts of P.eous which might be due to the high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids.展开更多
Geoelectrical investigations in Tibetan Plateau show that there are two high conductivity layers (HCLs) in the crust of southern Tibetan Plateau. The first HCL is at a depth of 15～20km, and the second at 45～60km. In...Geoelectrical investigations in Tibetan Plateau show that there are two high conductivity layers (HCLs) in the crust of southern Tibetan Plateau. The first HCL is at a depth of 15～20km, and the second at 45～60km. In the central region of the Plateau, such as north Qiangtang and Bayan Har, there is only one HCL in crust at the depth about 15～20km.The origin of HCL in upper crust of southern Tibet is mainly caused by free saline aqueous fluids. The seismic investigation by project INDEPTH in southern Tibet demonstrates that the bright spot reflection at about 15km depth is caused by 10% volume of free aqueous fluids (Makovsky and Klemperer, 1999). Seismic and heat flow research indicates the temperature in 15km depth of Tibet is from 400℃ to 650℃. The high concentration of Cl - in water of geothermal spring in southern Tibet means that the aqueous fluid in crust is saline water. The experiment on conductivity of NaCl solution shows that the conductivity is more than 4.5 S·m -1 under 400MPa and 300～650℃ condition (Quist and Marshall, 1968). This p\|T condition corresponds to the pressure and temperature range at 15～20km depth of Tibet.展开更多
基金City University of Hong Kong,Grant/Award Number:SIRG 7020022Hong Kong Research Grant Council(RGC),Grant/A ward Numbers:GRFCityU 11305419,GRF CityU 11306920,GRF CityU 11308721,GRF CityU11316522。
文摘Solar-driven energy conversion is a promising technology for a sustainable energy future and environmental remediation, and an efficient catalyst is a key factor. Recently, metal halide perovskites(MHPs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts due to their exceptional photoelectronic properties and low-cost solution processing, enabling successful applications in H_(2) evolution, CO_(2) reduction, organic synthesis, and pollutant degradation. Despite these successes, the practical applications of MHPs are limited by their water instability. In this review, the recently developed strategies driving MHPcatalyzed reactions in aqueous media are outlined. We first articulate the structures and properties of MHPs, followed by elaborating on the origin of instability in MHPs. Then, we highlight the advances in solar-driven MHPbased catalytic systems in aqueous solutions, focusing on developing external protection strategies and intrinsically water-stable MHP materials. With each approach offering peculiar sets of advantages and challenges, we conclude by outlining potentially promising opportunities and directions for MHP-based photocatalysis research in aqueous conditions moving forward. We anticipate that this timely review will provide some inspiration for the design of MHPbased photocatalysts, manifestly stimulating their applications in aqueous environments for solar-to-chemical energy conversion.
文摘Objective： To evaluate the ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of dried fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eous for its anti-platelet activity on human volunteer＇s blood. And also to analyze the free radical scavenging property of the extracts of P.eous by using various in vitro models. Methods： Anti-platelet activity of dried fruiting bodies of P.eous was evaluated by in vitro model using blood platelets. Inhibition of platelet aggregation was monitored after pre-incubation of platelets with the crude extracts of mushroom P.eous. Antioxidant activities of extracts of P.eous were evaluated by different in vitro experiments, namely, 1, 1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl （DPPH）, superoxide, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide radical models. Results： Crude extracts of mushroom P.eous inhibited platelet aggregation dose-dependently which was induced by adenosine diphosphate （ADP）. At a maximum concentration of 10 mg/mL, methanol extract effected 64.02% inhibition of lipid per-oxidation and 50.12% scavenging effect on superoxide anion radical. Aqueous extract of P.eous have shown 69.43% chelating ability on ferrous ions, 24.27% scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical and 49.57% scavenging effect on DPPH radical at 10 mg/mL. Increasing concentrations of the extract were found to cause progressively decreasing of the intensity of absorbance. Conclusions： Anti-platelet effects could be related in part to the polyphenolic compounds present in the extracts. Antioxidant activity results indicated the free radical scavenging property of the extracts of P.eous which might be due to the high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids.
文摘Geoelectrical investigations in Tibetan Plateau show that there are two high conductivity layers (HCLs) in the crust of southern Tibetan Plateau. The first HCL is at a depth of 15～20km, and the second at 45～60km. In the central region of the Plateau, such as north Qiangtang and Bayan Har, there is only one HCL in crust at the depth about 15～20km.The origin of HCL in upper crust of southern Tibet is mainly caused by free saline aqueous fluids. The seismic investigation by project INDEPTH in southern Tibet demonstrates that the bright spot reflection at about 15km depth is caused by 10% volume of free aqueous fluids (Makovsky and Klemperer, 1999). Seismic and heat flow research indicates the temperature in 15km depth of Tibet is from 400℃ to 650℃. The high concentration of Cl - in water of geothermal spring in southern Tibet means that the aqueous fluid in crust is saline water. The experiment on conductivity of NaCl solution shows that the conductivity is more than 4.5 S·m -1 under 400MPa and 300～650℃ condition (Quist and Marshall, 1968). This p\|T condition corresponds to the pressure and temperature range at 15～20km depth of Tibet.
