CO_(2)/N_(2) injection in heavy oil reservoirs has been demonstrated to enhance oil recovery(EOR)and facilitate CO_(2) capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Interfacial tension(IFT)is a crucial parameter for character...CO_(2)/N_(2) injection in heavy oil reservoirs has been demonstrated to enhance oil recovery(EOR)and facilitate CO_(2) capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Interfacial tension(IFT)is a crucial parameter for characterizing oil recovery,but it can be influenced by real-time changes in reservoir pressure and temperature during gas injection.The impact of the CO_(2)/N_(2) ratio on the oil-gas IFT under varying temperature and pressure conditions remains unclear.Therefore,a systematic study was conducted to investigate the effects of multiple parameters on the oil-gas IFT during development processes,and a three-dimensional(3D)database and a regression model of IFT were established using experimental data.The results show that IFT is strongly correlated with density difference,moderately correlated with pressure and CO_(2) proportion,weakly correlated with saturates content and resin content,and nonlinearly correlated with temperature,aromatics content,and asphaltene content,respectively.Moreover,it has been observed that an increase in pressure or CO_(2) proportion can lead to a reduction in IFT.However,the impact of temperature changes on IFT varies across different pressure ranges.We introduce a new parameter,the equivalent interfacial tension pressure during temperature changes(EITP),to characterize this effect and discuss the reasons for the emergence of EITP,providing new insight into optimizing the CO_(2)/N_(2) injection ratio in the reservoir.This study aims to reveal the advantages of oil-gas interface characteristics under the influence of multiple parameters in promoting low-carbon and efficient development of heavy oil reservoirs,and to explore the significance of CO_(2)/N_(2) for enhancing heavy oil recovery.展开更多
低渗透油藏注CO_(2)开发中,CO_(2)溶于水后形成的碳酸水能够有效改善渗吸效果,进而提高油藏开发效益。本文通过测量油水界面张力、接触角和渗吸采收率,探究了温度和压力对高压CO_(2)作用下低渗透岩心渗吸采油的影响规律。结果表明,升高...低渗透油藏注CO_(2)开发中,CO_(2)溶于水后形成的碳酸水能够有效改善渗吸效果,进而提高油藏开发效益。本文通过测量油水界面张力、接触角和渗吸采收率,探究了温度和压力对高压CO_(2)作用下低渗透岩心渗吸采油的影响规律。结果表明,升高温度和增加CO_(2)压力均可改善油水界面特性,提高渗吸采收率。8 MPa时,温度由20℃升至80℃,界面张力增大2.25 m N·m^(-1),接触角减小15.2°。温度对油水界面特性的影响显著强于CO_(2)溶解度,随着温度升高,CO_(2)溶解度减小,但界面张力增大,岩石亲水性增强,并且原油流动性增强,故渗吸效率提高。80℃时,压力由4 MPa升至10 MPa,界面张力减小3 m N·m^(-1),接触角减小18.4°。压力通过改变CO_(2)在液相中的溶解度来影响油水界面特性,随着压力升高,CO_(2)溶解度增大,界面张力减小,岩石亲水性增强,原油流动性也增强,继而渗吸效率有效提高。升温和增压在提高渗吸效率方面存在一定的协同效应,两者共同作用下,虽界面张力仅有小幅减小,但岩石亲水性明显增强,加速了基质孔喉中原油的逸出,有效提高了低渗透岩心渗吸采收率。研究结果丰富了渗吸采油机理,能够为低渗透油藏注CO_(2)开发提供理论参考。展开更多
With the exploitation of high sour and deep oil well in china,the corrosion medium containing CO 2,H 2 S,Cl-and organic acid threaten the safety of oil equipment and tube steel severely.In this article,many experiment...With the exploitation of high sour and deep oil well in china,the corrosion medium containing CO 2,H 2 S,Cl-and organic acid threaten the safety of oil equipment and tube steel severely.In this article,many experiments,including corrosion tests,tensile tests,hydrogen concentration measurement tests and SEM examinations,were performed to investigate the effect of H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress on the mechanical property of oil tube steel P110S in high temperature and high pressure environment containing H 2 S/CO 2.The tensile strength and yield strength during fracture process of P110S steel were obtained experimentally and the fracture morphology was analyzed by SEM.The results indicate that both tensile strength and yield strength decreased after corrosion.The damage of tensile strength and yield strength became serious with an increase in H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress.According to the fracture analysis,the fracture mode exhibited quasi-cleavage and dimple mixed fracture,and the area of quasi-cleavage pattern increased with H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress increasing.According to the results of tensile test and hydrogen concentration measurement test,the tensile property degradation is closely associated with diffusible hydrogen concentration of P110S steel in the H 2 S/CO 2 environment.展开更多
Surface tension of calcium aluminate refining slag was measured by the Slide method at 1823 K.Based on different levels of the MgO content and the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3,the effects of MgO content and the mass r...Surface tension of calcium aluminate refining slag was measured by the Slide method at 1823 K.Based on different levels of the MgO content and the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3,the effects of MgO content and the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 on surface tension were investigated.The results indicate that surface tension decreased with increasing MgO content(from 0 to 4.86%),followed by an increase with further increasing MgO content up to 11.33%.The trend that surface tension changed with the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 was the same as the trend that surface tension changed with the MgO content.The surface tension was varied from 0.617 N/m to 0.710 N/m,for the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 varying between 0.60 and 1.28.An attempt was made to estimate surface tension of CaO-Al_2O_3-MgO slag and its sub-system,and the application showed that the model worked well.展开更多
Background:Irreversible cryodamage caused by oocyte vitrification limited its wild application in female fertility preservation.Antioxidants were always used to antagonist the oxidative stress caused by vitrification....Background:Irreversible cryodamage caused by oocyte vitrification limited its wild application in female fertility preservation.Antioxidants were always used to antagonist the oxidative stress caused by vitrification.However,the comprehensive mechanism underlying the protective role of antioxidants has not been studied.Procyanidin B2(PCB2)is a potent natural antioxidant and its functions in response to vitrification are still unknown.In this study,the effects of PCB2 on vitrified-thawed oocytes and subsequent embryo development were explored,and the mechanisms underlying the protective role of PCB2 were systematically elucidated.Results:Vitrification induced a marked decline in oocyte quality,while PCB2 could improve oocyte viability and further development after parthenogenetic activation.A subsequent study indicated that PCB2 effectively attenuated vitrification-induced oxidative stress,rescued mitochondrial dysfunction,and improved cell viability.Moreover,PCB2 also acts as a cortical tension regulator apart from strong antioxidant properties.Increased cortical tension caused by PCB2 would maintain normal spindle morphology and promote migration,ensure correct meiosis progression and finally reduce the aneuploidy rate in vitrified oocytes.Further study reveals that ATP biosynthesis plays a crucial role in cortical tension regulation,and PCB2 effectively increased the cortical tension through the electron transfer chain pathway.Additionally,PCB2 would elevate the cortical tension in embryo cells at morula and blastocyst stages and further improve blastocyst quality.What's more,targeted metabolomics shows that PCB2 has a beneficial effect on blastocyst formation by mediating saccharides and amino acids metabolism.Conclusions:Antioxidant PCB2 exhibits multi-protective roles in response to vitrification stimuli through mitochondria-mediated cortical tension regulation.展开更多
The structure of electroslag remelting-type CaF_(2)–CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–CeO_(2)slag with various CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratios and its correlation with viscosity and surface tension were investigated.The Raman analysis of...The structure of electroslag remelting-type CaF_(2)–CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–CeO_(2)slag with various CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratios and its correlation with viscosity and surface tension were investigated.The Raman analysis of the slag shows that with increasing CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratio from 0.70 to 1.29 in the slag,the polymerization degree of the slag decreased,which was because more complex[AlO_(4)]-tetrahedral units of Q_(Al)^(3) and Q_(Al)^(4)were depolymerized to form relatively simpler structural units Q_(Al)^(0),Q_(Al)^(1),and Q_(Al)^(2),and the excess oxygen ions introduced by CaO promoted the transformation of[AlO_(4)]-tetrahedral units to[AlO_(6)]-octahedral units.Increasing CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratio has an obvious effect on reducing the viscosity and activation energy for viscous flow of the slag,resulting from the depolymerization of the slag.Owing to the decrease in the polymerization degree and the increase in the total Ca^(2+)content of the slag,the surface tension of the slag increases with the increase in CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratio.The surface tension of the slag changes slightly with the temperature,irrespective of CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratio from 0.70 to 1.29 in the slag.展开更多
Prolonged tension tcsts were caTried out by comblning elevated temperatures with declined stresses over thc range of 760-1050° C and 780-115MPa. The effects of temperature and applied stress on rupture life, and ...Prolonged tension tcsts were caTried out by comblning elevated temperatures with declined stresses over thc range of 760-1050° C and 780-115MPa. The effects of temperature and applied stress on rupture life, and the relations of temperuture, applied stress and mpture life to characteristic dimensions of coherent phases (γ matrix channel width and mpcd γ precipitate thickness), and to the elongation as well as to the cross sectional area reduction of thc tested specimens were investigated. Under all testing conditions, longittLdinal coalescence of seveml adjacent armys of γ precipitates could occur to dtherent extents along the direction of the applied stress axis in addition to their normal directional coarsening. The extent of γ Longitudinal coalescence became increased and its morphology tended to be irmpular with the increase of temperuture although the applied stresses were relatively lower.展开更多
The effects of CO2 pressure,temperature and concentration on asphaltene precipitation induced by CO2 were studied using a high-pressure vessel,interfacial tensiometer,Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） and drill core...The effects of CO2 pressure,temperature and concentration on asphaltene precipitation induced by CO2 were studied using a high-pressure vessel,interfacial tensiometer,Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） and drill core displacement experimental apparatus.The results indicated that the content of asphaltene in crude oil decreased,and the interfacial tension between a model oil and distilled water increased,with an increase of CO2 pressure,decrease of temperature and increase of molar ratio of CO2 to crude oil when CO2 contacted crude oil in the high pressure vessel.The content of asphaltene in sweepout oil and the permeability of test cores both also decreased with an increase of CO2 flooding pressure.The main reason for changes in content of asphaltene in crude oil,in interfacial tension between model oil and distilled water and in the permeability of the test core is the precipitation of asphaltene which is an interfacially active substance in crude oil.Precipitation of asphaltene also blocks pores in the drill core which decreases the permeability.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204068 and U20B6003)the Program for Scientific Research Innovation Team of Young Scholars in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(2022KJ067)。
文摘CO_(2)/N_(2) injection in heavy oil reservoirs has been demonstrated to enhance oil recovery(EOR)and facilitate CO_(2) capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).Interfacial tension(IFT)is a crucial parameter for characterizing oil recovery,but it can be influenced by real-time changes in reservoir pressure and temperature during gas injection.The impact of the CO_(2)/N_(2) ratio on the oil-gas IFT under varying temperature and pressure conditions remains unclear.Therefore,a systematic study was conducted to investigate the effects of multiple parameters on the oil-gas IFT during development processes,and a three-dimensional(3D)database and a regression model of IFT were established using experimental data.The results show that IFT is strongly correlated with density difference,moderately correlated with pressure and CO_(2) proportion,weakly correlated with saturates content and resin content,and nonlinearly correlated with temperature,aromatics content,and asphaltene content,respectively.Moreover,it has been observed that an increase in pressure or CO_(2) proportion can lead to a reduction in IFT.However,the impact of temperature changes on IFT varies across different pressure ranges.We introduce a new parameter,the equivalent interfacial tension pressure during temperature changes(EITP),to characterize this effect and discuss the reasons for the emergence of EITP,providing new insight into optimizing the CO_(2)/N_(2) injection ratio in the reservoir.This study aims to reveal the advantages of oil-gas interface characteristics under the influence of multiple parameters in promoting low-carbon and efficient development of heavy oil reservoirs,and to explore the significance of CO_(2)/N_(2) for enhancing heavy oil recovery.
文摘低渗透油藏注CO_(2)开发中,CO_(2)溶于水后形成的碳酸水能够有效改善渗吸效果,进而提高油藏开发效益。本文通过测量油水界面张力、接触角和渗吸采收率,探究了温度和压力对高压CO_(2)作用下低渗透岩心渗吸采油的影响规律。结果表明,升高温度和增加CO_(2)压力均可改善油水界面特性,提高渗吸采收率。8 MPa时,温度由20℃升至80℃,界面张力增大2.25 m N·m^(-1),接触角减小15.2°。温度对油水界面特性的影响显著强于CO_(2)溶解度,随着温度升高,CO_(2)溶解度减小,但界面张力增大,岩石亲水性增强,并且原油流动性增强,故渗吸效率提高。80℃时,压力由4 MPa升至10 MPa,界面张力减小3 m N·m^(-1),接触角减小18.4°。压力通过改变CO_(2)在液相中的溶解度来影响油水界面特性,随着压力升高,CO_(2)溶解度增大,界面张力减小,岩石亲水性增强,原油流动性也增强,继而渗吸效率有效提高。升温和增压在提高渗吸效率方面存在一定的协同效应,两者共同作用下,虽界面张力仅有小幅减小,但岩石亲水性明显增强,加速了基质孔喉中原油的逸出,有效提高了低渗透岩心渗吸采收率。研究结果丰富了渗吸采油机理,能够为低渗透油藏注CO_(2)开发提供理论参考。
基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(20070425021)the Scientific Research Fund for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholar from Education Ministry of China(No.2008-890)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50871122)supported by the Special project on exploration and synthetical matching technical research of overseas oil fields of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)
文摘With the exploitation of high sour and deep oil well in china,the corrosion medium containing CO 2,H 2 S,Cl-and organic acid threaten the safety of oil equipment and tube steel severely.In this article,many experiments,including corrosion tests,tensile tests,hydrogen concentration measurement tests and SEM examinations,were performed to investigate the effect of H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress on the mechanical property of oil tube steel P110S in high temperature and high pressure environment containing H 2 S/CO 2.The tensile strength and yield strength during fracture process of P110S steel were obtained experimentally and the fracture morphology was analyzed by SEM.The results indicate that both tensile strength and yield strength decreased after corrosion.The damage of tensile strength and yield strength became serious with an increase in H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress.According to the fracture analysis,the fracture mode exhibited quasi-cleavage and dimple mixed fracture,and the area of quasi-cleavage pattern increased with H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress increasing.According to the results of tensile test and hydrogen concentration measurement test,the tensile property degradation is closely associated with diffusible hydrogen concentration of P110S steel in the H 2 S/CO 2 environment.
基金Project(51204115)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BK20130308)supported by the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(2014M561710)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Surface tension of calcium aluminate refining slag was measured by the Slide method at 1823 K.Based on different levels of the MgO content and the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3,the effects of MgO content and the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 on surface tension were investigated.The results indicate that surface tension decreased with increasing MgO content(from 0 to 4.86%),followed by an increase with further increasing MgO content up to 11.33%.The trend that surface tension changed with the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 was the same as the trend that surface tension changed with the MgO content.The surface tension was varied from 0.617 N/m to 0.710 N/m,for the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 varying between 0.60 and 1.28.An attempt was made to estimate surface tension of CaO-Al_2O_3-MgO slag and its sub-system,and the application showed that the model worked well.
基金National Key Research and Development Program Topics,Grant/Award Number:2021YFD1200402Chinese Universities Scientific Fund,Grant/Award Number:2021TC061+6 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei province,Grant/Award Number:H2020206254Special Program for Training and Guiding Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Talents,Grant/Award Number:SKLSGIHP2021A01National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81901562&31372307Key research and development projects in Hebei province,Grant/Award Number:18226604DProgram of Young and Middle-aged Scientific and technological Innovation Leaders of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Grant/Award Number:2018CB025Xinghuo program of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Grant/Award Number:XH202005The Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province,Grant/Award Number:226Z7713G。
文摘Background:Irreversible cryodamage caused by oocyte vitrification limited its wild application in female fertility preservation.Antioxidants were always used to antagonist the oxidative stress caused by vitrification.However,the comprehensive mechanism underlying the protective role of antioxidants has not been studied.Procyanidin B2(PCB2)is a potent natural antioxidant and its functions in response to vitrification are still unknown.In this study,the effects of PCB2 on vitrified-thawed oocytes and subsequent embryo development were explored,and the mechanisms underlying the protective role of PCB2 were systematically elucidated.Results:Vitrification induced a marked decline in oocyte quality,while PCB2 could improve oocyte viability and further development after parthenogenetic activation.A subsequent study indicated that PCB2 effectively attenuated vitrification-induced oxidative stress,rescued mitochondrial dysfunction,and improved cell viability.Moreover,PCB2 also acts as a cortical tension regulator apart from strong antioxidant properties.Increased cortical tension caused by PCB2 would maintain normal spindle morphology and promote migration,ensure correct meiosis progression and finally reduce the aneuploidy rate in vitrified oocytes.Further study reveals that ATP biosynthesis plays a crucial role in cortical tension regulation,and PCB2 effectively increased the cortical tension through the electron transfer chain pathway.Additionally,PCB2 would elevate the cortical tension in embryo cells at morula and blastocyst stages and further improve blastocyst quality.What's more,targeted metabolomics shows that PCB2 has a beneficial effect on blastocyst formation by mediating saccharides and amino acids metabolism.Conclusions:Antioxidant PCB2 exhibits multi-protective roles in response to vitrification stimuli through mitochondria-mediated cortical tension regulation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52104339)the Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking(Grant No.KF-20-3)is greatly acknowledged.
文摘The structure of electroslag remelting-type CaF_(2)–CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–CeO_(2)slag with various CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratios and its correlation with viscosity and surface tension were investigated.The Raman analysis of the slag shows that with increasing CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratio from 0.70 to 1.29 in the slag,the polymerization degree of the slag decreased,which was because more complex[AlO_(4)]-tetrahedral units of Q_(Al)^(3) and Q_(Al)^(4)were depolymerized to form relatively simpler structural units Q_(Al)^(0),Q_(Al)^(1),and Q_(Al)^(2),and the excess oxygen ions introduced by CaO promoted the transformation of[AlO_(4)]-tetrahedral units to[AlO_(6)]-octahedral units.Increasing CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratio has an obvious effect on reducing the viscosity and activation energy for viscous flow of the slag,resulting from the depolymerization of the slag.Owing to the decrease in the polymerization degree and the increase in the total Ca^(2+)content of the slag,the surface tension of the slag increases with the increase in CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratio.The surface tension of the slag changes slightly with the temperature,irrespective of CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)mass ratio from 0.70 to 1.29 in the slag.
文摘Prolonged tension tcsts were caTried out by comblning elevated temperatures with declined stresses over thc range of 760-1050° C and 780-115MPa. The effects of temperature and applied stress on rupture life, and the relations of temperuture, applied stress and mpture life to characteristic dimensions of coherent phases (γ matrix channel width and mpcd γ precipitate thickness), and to the elongation as well as to the cross sectional area reduction of thc tested specimens were investigated. Under all testing conditions, longittLdinal coalescence of seveml adjacent armys of γ precipitates could occur to dtherent extents along the direction of the applied stress axis in addition to their normal directional coarsening. The extent of γ Longitudinal coalescence became increased and its morphology tended to be irmpular with the increase of temperuture although the applied stresses were relatively lower.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program(2012BAC24B02)Basic Subject Fund of China University of Petroleum-Beijing(KYJJ2012-07-01)+1 种基金Basic Subject Fund of China University of Petroleum-Beijing(No.YJRC-2013-20)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51304222)
文摘The effects of CO2 pressure,temperature and concentration on asphaltene precipitation induced by CO2 were studied using a high-pressure vessel,interfacial tensiometer,Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） and drill core displacement experimental apparatus.The results indicated that the content of asphaltene in crude oil decreased,and the interfacial tension between a model oil and distilled water increased,with an increase of CO2 pressure,decrease of temperature and increase of molar ratio of CO2 to crude oil when CO2 contacted crude oil in the high pressure vessel.The content of asphaltene in sweepout oil and the permeability of test cores both also decreased with an increase of CO2 flooding pressure.The main reason for changes in content of asphaltene in crude oil,in interfacial tension between model oil and distilled water and in the permeability of the test core is the precipitation of asphaltene which is an interfacially active substance in crude oil.Precipitation of asphaltene also blocks pores in the drill core which decreases the permeability.
