Our previous study showed an association between advanced glycation end products （AGEs） and neural tube defects （NTDs）. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of AGEs on neural tube developme...Our previous study showed an association between advanced glycation end products （AGEs） and neural tube defects （NTDs）. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of AGEs on neural tube development, C57BL/6 female mice were fed for 4 weeks with com- mercial food containing 3% advanced glycation end product bovine serum albumin （AGE-BSA） or 3% bovine serum albumin （BSA） as a control. After mating mice, oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde and H202 were measured at embryonic day 7.5 （E7.5） of ges- tation, and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） in embryonic cells was determined at E8.5. In addition to evaluating NTDs, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the effect of embryonic protein administration on the N-（carboxymethyl） lysine reactivity of acid and carboxyethyl lysine antibodies at E10.5. The results showed a remarkable increase in the incidence of NTDs at El0.5 in embryos of mice fed with AGE-BSA （no hyperglycemia） compared with control mice. Moreover, embryonic protein administration resulted in a noticeable increase in the reactivity of N-（carboxymethyl） lysine and N（ε）-（carboxyethyl） lysine antibodies. Malondialdehyde and H2O2 levels in embryonic cells were increased at E7.5, followed by increased intracellular ROS levels at E8.5. Vitamin E supplementation could partially recover these phenomena. Collectively, these results suggest that AGE-BSA could induce NTDs in the absence of hyperglycemia by an underlying mechanism that is at least partially associated with its capacity to increase embryonic oxidative stress levels.展开更多
Recent results for synthesis of conjugated polymers, poly(arylene vinylene)s exemplified as poly(fluorene vinylene)s and poly(phenylene vinylene)s, by acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization have been introduc...Recent results for synthesis of conjugated polymers, poly(arylene vinylene)s exemplified as poly(fluorene vinylene)s and poly(phenylene vinylene)s, by acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization have been introduced. The methods using molybdenum and ruthenium catalysts afforded defect-free, high molecular weight polymers with all trans olefinic double bonds, and significant reduction of by-products (halogen, sulfur etc.) in addition of decrease of structurally defects have been attained. The methods also demonstrated precise synthesis of end-functionalized polymers that showed unique optical properties combined with the end groups. Catalytic one-pot syntheses of end-functionalized poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene-2,7-vinylene)s have been attained by both ruthenium (by chain-transfer) and molybdenum catalysts and the method should provide more green route for synthesis of conjugated materials with better device performance.展开更多
基金supported by the grant from Shaanxi Technology Committee of China,No.2013JM4001the China Scholarship Council(CSC)
文摘Our previous study showed an association between advanced glycation end products （AGEs） and neural tube defects （NTDs）. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of AGEs on neural tube development, C57BL/6 female mice were fed for 4 weeks with com- mercial food containing 3% advanced glycation end product bovine serum albumin （AGE-BSA） or 3% bovine serum albumin （BSA） as a control. After mating mice, oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde and H202 were measured at embryonic day 7.5 （E7.5） of ges- tation, and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） in embryonic cells was determined at E8.5. In addition to evaluating NTDs, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the effect of embryonic protein administration on the N-（carboxymethyl） lysine reactivity of acid and carboxyethyl lysine antibodies at E10.5. The results showed a remarkable increase in the incidence of NTDs at El0.5 in embryos of mice fed with AGE-BSA （no hyperglycemia） compared with control mice. Moreover, embryonic protein administration resulted in a noticeable increase in the reactivity of N-（carboxymethyl） lysine and N（ε）-（carboxyethyl） lysine antibodies. Malondialdehyde and H2O2 levels in embryonic cells were increased at E7.5, followed by increased intracellular ROS levels at E8.5. Vitamin E supplementation could partially recover these phenomena. Collectively, these results suggest that AGE-BSA could induce NTDs in the absence of hyperglycemia by an underlying mechanism that is at least partially associated with its capacity to increase embryonic oxidative stress levels.
文摘Recent results for synthesis of conjugated polymers, poly(arylene vinylene)s exemplified as poly(fluorene vinylene)s and poly(phenylene vinylene)s, by acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization have been introduced. The methods using molybdenum and ruthenium catalysts afforded defect-free, high molecular weight polymers with all trans olefinic double bonds, and significant reduction of by-products (halogen, sulfur etc.) in addition of decrease of structurally defects have been attained. The methods also demonstrated precise synthesis of end-functionalized polymers that showed unique optical properties combined with the end groups. Catalytic one-pot syntheses of end-functionalized poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene-2,7-vinylene)s have been attained by both ruthenium (by chain-transfer) and molybdenum catalysts and the method should provide more green route for synthesis of conjugated materials with better device performance.
