1 The Edinburgh Festival Fringe,a three‑week festival of performing arts that takes place in Edinburgh every August,transforms Edinburgh into a dynamic center of creativity and entertainment.This festival draws a wide...1 The Edinburgh Festival Fringe,a three‑week festival of performing arts that takes place in Edinburgh every August,transforms Edinburgh into a dynamic center of creativity and entertainment.This festival draws a wide range of participants,from new artists aiming to make their mark to seasoned performers returning to take in the citys artistic atmosphere.With its open‑access policy,the Fringe truly offers a platform for everyone,providing unique opportunities for artists and audiences to engage in diverse cultural experiences.展开更多
Built in the middle and late 17th century, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh located in Scotland is one of the famous five botanic gardens in the world and one of the earliest botanic gardens in British history. This...Built in the middle and late 17th century, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh located in Scotland is one of the famous five botanic gardens in the world and one of the earliest botanic gardens in British history. This study sorted out the historical development and changes of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh for more than 300 years, and then made a comprehensive introduction and analysis of the botanic garden from three aspects of touring, education and scientific research. Finally, the rock garden, the peat garden, the Chinese hillside, the alpine house, glasshouses and the Queen Mother’s Memorial Garden were analyzed, in order to explore the historical, landscape and scientific value of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and to seek the effective way of landscape construction and development of the botanic garden.展开更多
Edinburgh Duck wave energy converter(ED WEC)has excellent energy extraction performance and shows a great potential to integrate with other marine structures.This paper aims to investigate its wave energy extraction p...Edinburgh Duck wave energy converter(ED WEC)has excellent energy extraction performance and shows a great potential to integrate with other marine structures.This paper aims to investigate its wave energy extraction performance as a WEC and wave attenuation performance as a protection method for shoreline or marine structures.The wave and ED WEC interactions in regular waves are modeled using the Star-CCM+software and verified by comparisons with published experimental results.The motion response,energy conversion efficiency,and transmission coefficient of the ED WEC with different attack angles,rotation center,and incident wave heights are investigated.Results indicate that the ED WEC with an attack angle of 42°and a rotation center of 0.55 m below the mean water line can achieve both good wave energy extraction and wave attenuation performances.The wave energy extraction and wave attenuation performance of the ED WEC decrease significantly with the increase of wave nonlinearity characterized by the wave steepness.This paper can guide the practical application of the ED WEC at the early stage of design.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prevalence of post-natal depression(PND)is high in India,as it is in many other low to middle income countries.There is an urgent need to identify PND and treat the mother as early as possible.Among the...BACKGROUND The prevalence of post-natal depression(PND)is high in India,as it is in many other low to middle income countries.There is an urgent need to identify PND and treat the mother as early as possible.Among the many paper and pencil tests available to identify PND,the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)is a widely used and validated measure in India.However,the summary diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility data are not available for this measure.AIM To establish summary data for the global diagnostic accuracy parameter as well as the clinical utility of the non-English versions of the EPDS in India.METHODS Two researchers independently searched the PubMed,EMBASE,MEDKNOW and IndMED databases for published papers,governmental publications,conference proceedings and grey literature from 2000-2018.Seven studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of EPDS in five Indian languages against DSM/ICD were included in the final analysis.Two other investigators extracted the Participants’details,Index measures,Comparative reference measures,and Outcomes of diagnostic accuracy data,and appraised the study quality using QUADS-2.Deek’s plots were used to evaluate publication bias.We used the area under the curve of the hierarchical summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,with the random effect model,to summarize the global diagnostic accuracy of EPDS.Using the 2×2 table,we calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios.From the likelihood ratios,the Fagan’s nomogram was built for evaluating clinical utility using the Bayesian approach.We calculated the 95%confidence interval(95%CI)whenever indicated.STATA(version 15)with MIDAS and METANDI modules were used.RESULTS There was no publication bias.The area under the curve for EPDS was 0.97(95%CI:0.95-0.98).The pre-test probability for the nomogram was 22%.For a positive likelihood ratio of 9,the positive post-test probability was 72%(95%CI:68%,76%)and for a negative LR of 0.08,the negative post-test probability was 2%(95%CI:1%,3%).CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis,we established the summary global diagnostic parameter and clinical utility of the non-English versions of the EPDS in India.This work demonstrates that these non-English versions are accurate in their diagnosis of PND and can help clinicians in their diagnostic reasoning.展开更多
Installing the Edinburgh Duck Wave Energy Converter(ED WEC)on a floating breakwater provides a potential solution to reduce costs and improve the reliability of the ED WEC.To investigate the interactions between the E...Installing the Edinburgh Duck Wave Energy Converter(ED WEC)on a floating breakwater provides a potential solution to reduce costs and improve the reliability of the ED WEC.To investigate the interactions between the ED WEC and the breakwater,a two-dimensional numerical model of a hybrid WEC-breakwater system is established based on Star-CCM+Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)software.The wave energy extraction performance,wave attenuation performance,and wave forces on the breakwater of the hybrid system are compared with those of the corresponding single device.The effects of the initial attack angle,the distance between the WEC and the breakwater,and the incident wave height on the pitch motion,energy conversion efficiency,transmission coefficient,and wave forces on the breakwater of the hybrid system are analyzed.The results indicate that combing the ED WEC with a breakwater can improve the energy extraction performance of the ED WEC and reduce the wave forces on the breakwater in shorter-period waves.The conversion efficiency of the hybrid system with the initial attack angle of 42°is the largest in shorter-period waves,but is reduced with the increase of initial attack angle in longer-period waves.The wave attenuation performance of the hybrid system is determined by the draft of the breakwater.The distance between the WEC and the breakwater has little effect on the hybrid system.Wave energy extraction of the ED WEC of the hybrid system decreases significantly with the increase of the incident wave height.展开更多
The famous Edinburgh International Festival(EIF)opened online on August 8 and was presented on such platforms as Youtube,Facebook and BBC Scotland,with My Light Shines On and Artists in Conversation as the most import...The famous Edinburgh International Festival(EIF)opened online on August 8 and was presented on such platforms as Youtube,Facebook and BBC Scotland,with My Light Shines On and Artists in Conversation as the most important sections.展开更多
Background -Prediction of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events usi ng conventional risk factor models is limited. Noninvasive measures of subclinic al atherosclerosis such as the ankle brachial index(ABI) c...Background -Prediction of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events usi ng conventional risk factor models is limited. Noninvasive measures of subclinic al atherosclerosis such as the ankle brachial index(ABI) could improve risk pred iction and provide more focused primary prevention strategies. We wished to dete rmine the added value of a low ABI in the prediction of long-term risk of cardi ovascular and cerebrovascular events and death. Methods and Results -In 1988, 1 592 men and women 55 to 74 years of age were randomly selected from the age-sex registers of 11 general practices in Edinburgh, Scotland, and followed up over a period of 12 years for incident events. After adjustment for age and sex, an A BI ≤0.9 was predictive of an increased risk of fatal myocardial infarction(MI), cardiovascular death, all-cause death, combined fatal and nonfatal MI, and tot al cardiovascular events. After further adjustment for prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and conventional risk factors, a low ABI was independently pr edictive of the risk of fatal MI. Addition of the ABI significantly (P≤0.01) in creased the predictive value of the model for fatal MI compared with a model con taining risk factors alone. Comparison of areas under receiver operator characte ristic curves confirmed that a model including the ABI discriminated marginally better than one without. Conclusions -Addition of the ABI significantly improve d prediction of fatal MI over and above that of conventional risk factors. We re commend that the ABI be incorporated into routine cardiovascular screening and t hat the potential of its inclusion into cardiovascular scoring systems(with a vi ew to improving their accuracy) now be examined.展开更多
今年爱丁堡国际艺术节将于8月揭幕,超过25万名艺术家、表演工作者以及各地游客,将欢度这场集合了"艺穗节(Festival Fringe)"、"国际电影节(Edinburgh Internat ional Film Festival)"、"国际书展(Internat ion...今年爱丁堡国际艺术节将于8月揭幕,超过25万名艺术家、表演工作者以及各地游客,将欢度这场集合了"艺穗节(Festival Fringe)"、"国际电影节(Edinburgh Internat ional Film Festival)"、"国际书展(Internat ional Book Festival)"、"爱丁堡皇家军乐队分列式(Edinburgh Military Tattoo)"、"烟火音乐会"、"国际爵士节"等演出的年度艺术盛事。展开更多
A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)numerical model is developed to study the power takeoff(PTO)efficiency of an Edinburgh duck wave energy converter(WEC)device by using the OpenFOAM source package.Afte...A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)numerical model is developed to study the power takeoff(PTO)efficiency of an Edinburgh duck wave energy converter(WEC)device by using the OpenFOAM source package.After the numerical validations and the convergent verifications,the characteristics of the duck WEC device for the power takeoff in various incident wave periods are examined.The present numerical investigation indicates that the maximum absorbed power of the duck WEC device is attained in its resonant period,while the maximum efficiency is achieved in a lower period.The influence of the damping coefficient on the PTO is also investigated.The optimal damping coefficient for acquiring more power and better efficiency is determined from a numerical examination.展开更多
After a stellar debut season that included reigniting dangerous emotional games in WhosAfraid of Virginia Woolf?and staging life's vicious rat race in Glengarry Glen Ross,Urban Aphrodite returns with an entirely n...After a stellar debut season that included reigniting dangerous emotional games in WhosAfraid of Virginia Woolf?and staging life's vicious rat race in Glengarry Glen Ross,Urban Aphrodite returns with an entirely newfangled production in both style and content.展开更多
As Lu Shipping tears up a $5,000 check offered by Zhou Puyuan and storms off in a huff,the classic Chinese play Thunderstorm comes to a close at the Beijing Foreign Studies University Auditorium.After playing only two...As Lu Shipping tears up a $5,000 check offered by Zhou Puyuan and storms off in a huff,the classic Chinese play Thunderstorm comes to a close at the Beijing Foreign Studies University Auditorium.After playing only two scenes,the actors—students from Edinburgh Napier University in the United Kingdom—won enthusiastic applause for their perfect interpretation.展开更多
In December 2023,I was part of a doctoral viva at the University of Edinburgh,and one colleague reminded us of the novelty effect notion in education.In a nutshell,this term refers to individuals or institutions quick...In December 2023,I was part of a doctoral viva at the University of Edinburgh,and one colleague reminded us of the novelty effect notion in education.In a nutshell,this term refers to individuals or institutions quickly embracing a process,idea or product,because it is perceived and experienced as innovative and beneficial,but as time passes by,the novelty becomes normalized and interest begins to decrease.For example,this effect has been examined in relation to digital technologies in education(e.g.,Jeno et al.,2019;Tsay et al.,2020).The discussion that ensued in the viva lingered in my head for a few days as it prompted me to reflect on the influence that content and language integrated learning(CLIL)continues to have around the world.In other words,research and practice have demonstrated that CLIL has overcome the novelty effect,and this special issue attests to it.展开更多
文摘1 The Edinburgh Festival Fringe,a three‑week festival of performing arts that takes place in Edinburgh every August,transforms Edinburgh into a dynamic center of creativity and entertainment.This festival draws a wide range of participants,from new artists aiming to make their mark to seasoned performers returning to take in the citys artistic atmosphere.With its open‑access policy,the Fringe truly offers a platform for everyone,providing unique opportunities for artists and audiences to engage in diverse cultural experiences.
基金Sponsored by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2682018CX57)
文摘Built in the middle and late 17th century, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh located in Scotland is one of the famous five botanic gardens in the world and one of the earliest botanic gardens in British history. This study sorted out the historical development and changes of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh for more than 300 years, and then made a comprehensive introduction and analysis of the botanic garden from three aspects of touring, education and scientific research. Finally, the rock garden, the peat garden, the Chinese hillside, the alpine house, glasshouses and the Queen Mother’s Memorial Garden were analyzed, in order to explore the historical, landscape and scientific value of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and to seek the effective way of landscape construction and development of the botanic garden.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52071096)the Student Research and Innovation Fund of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3072020GIP0105).
文摘Edinburgh Duck wave energy converter(ED WEC)has excellent energy extraction performance and shows a great potential to integrate with other marine structures.This paper aims to investigate its wave energy extraction performance as a WEC and wave attenuation performance as a protection method for shoreline or marine structures.The wave and ED WEC interactions in regular waves are modeled using the Star-CCM+software and verified by comparisons with published experimental results.The motion response,energy conversion efficiency,and transmission coefficient of the ED WEC with different attack angles,rotation center,and incident wave heights are investigated.Results indicate that the ED WEC with an attack angle of 42°and a rotation center of 0.55 m below the mean water line can achieve both good wave energy extraction and wave attenuation performances.The wave energy extraction and wave attenuation performance of the ED WEC decrease significantly with the increase of wave nonlinearity characterized by the wave steepness.This paper can guide the practical application of the ED WEC at the early stage of design.
文摘BACKGROUND The prevalence of post-natal depression(PND)is high in India,as it is in many other low to middle income countries.There is an urgent need to identify PND and treat the mother as early as possible.Among the many paper and pencil tests available to identify PND,the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)is a widely used and validated measure in India.However,the summary diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility data are not available for this measure.AIM To establish summary data for the global diagnostic accuracy parameter as well as the clinical utility of the non-English versions of the EPDS in India.METHODS Two researchers independently searched the PubMed,EMBASE,MEDKNOW and IndMED databases for published papers,governmental publications,conference proceedings and grey literature from 2000-2018.Seven studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of EPDS in five Indian languages against DSM/ICD were included in the final analysis.Two other investigators extracted the Participants’details,Index measures,Comparative reference measures,and Outcomes of diagnostic accuracy data,and appraised the study quality using QUADS-2.Deek’s plots were used to evaluate publication bias.We used the area under the curve of the hierarchical summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,with the random effect model,to summarize the global diagnostic accuracy of EPDS.Using the 2×2 table,we calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios.From the likelihood ratios,the Fagan’s nomogram was built for evaluating clinical utility using the Bayesian approach.We calculated the 95%confidence interval(95%CI)whenever indicated.STATA(version 15)with MIDAS and METANDI modules were used.RESULTS There was no publication bias.The area under the curve for EPDS was 0.97(95%CI:0.95-0.98).The pre-test probability for the nomogram was 22%.For a positive likelihood ratio of 9,the positive post-test probability was 72%(95%CI:68%,76%)and for a negative LR of 0.08,the negative post-test probability was 2%(95%CI:1%,3%).CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis,we established the summary global diagnostic parameter and clinical utility of the non-English versions of the EPDS in India.This work demonstrates that these non-English versions are accurate in their diagnosis of PND and can help clinicians in their diagnostic reasoning.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52071096)the Student Research and Innovation Fund of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 3072020GIP0105)。
文摘Installing the Edinburgh Duck Wave Energy Converter(ED WEC)on a floating breakwater provides a potential solution to reduce costs and improve the reliability of the ED WEC.To investigate the interactions between the ED WEC and the breakwater,a two-dimensional numerical model of a hybrid WEC-breakwater system is established based on Star-CCM+Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)software.The wave energy extraction performance,wave attenuation performance,and wave forces on the breakwater of the hybrid system are compared with those of the corresponding single device.The effects of the initial attack angle,the distance between the WEC and the breakwater,and the incident wave height on the pitch motion,energy conversion efficiency,transmission coefficient,and wave forces on the breakwater of the hybrid system are analyzed.The results indicate that combing the ED WEC with a breakwater can improve the energy extraction performance of the ED WEC and reduce the wave forces on the breakwater in shorter-period waves.The conversion efficiency of the hybrid system with the initial attack angle of 42°is the largest in shorter-period waves,but is reduced with the increase of initial attack angle in longer-period waves.The wave attenuation performance of the hybrid system is determined by the draft of the breakwater.The distance between the WEC and the breakwater has little effect on the hybrid system.Wave energy extraction of the ED WEC of the hybrid system decreases significantly with the increase of the incident wave height.
文摘The famous Edinburgh International Festival(EIF)opened online on August 8 and was presented on such platforms as Youtube,Facebook and BBC Scotland,with My Light Shines On and Artists in Conversation as the most important sections.
文摘Background -Prediction of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events usi ng conventional risk factor models is limited. Noninvasive measures of subclinic al atherosclerosis such as the ankle brachial index(ABI) could improve risk pred iction and provide more focused primary prevention strategies. We wished to dete rmine the added value of a low ABI in the prediction of long-term risk of cardi ovascular and cerebrovascular events and death. Methods and Results -In 1988, 1 592 men and women 55 to 74 years of age were randomly selected from the age-sex registers of 11 general practices in Edinburgh, Scotland, and followed up over a period of 12 years for incident events. After adjustment for age and sex, an A BI ≤0.9 was predictive of an increased risk of fatal myocardial infarction(MI), cardiovascular death, all-cause death, combined fatal and nonfatal MI, and tot al cardiovascular events. After further adjustment for prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and conventional risk factors, a low ABI was independently pr edictive of the risk of fatal MI. Addition of the ABI significantly (P≤0.01) in creased the predictive value of the model for fatal MI compared with a model con taining risk factors alone. Comparison of areas under receiver operator characte ristic curves confirmed that a model including the ABI discriminated marginally better than one without. Conclusions -Addition of the ABI significantly improve d prediction of fatal MI over and above that of conventional risk factors. We re commend that the ABI be incorporated into routine cardiovascular screening and t hat the potential of its inclusion into cardiovascular scoring systems(with a vi ew to improving their accuracy) now be examined.
文摘今年爱丁堡国际艺术节将于8月揭幕,超过25万名艺术家、表演工作者以及各地游客,将欢度这场集合了"艺穗节(Festival Fringe)"、"国际电影节(Edinburgh Internat ional Film Festival)"、"国际书展(Internat ional Book Festival)"、"爱丁堡皇家军乐队分列式(Edinburgh Military Tattoo)"、"烟火音乐会"、"国际爵士节"等演出的年度艺术盛事。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51490672,51879039).
文摘A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)numerical model is developed to study the power takeoff(PTO)efficiency of an Edinburgh duck wave energy converter(WEC)device by using the OpenFOAM source package.After the numerical validations and the convergent verifications,the characteristics of the duck WEC device for the power takeoff in various incident wave periods are examined.The present numerical investigation indicates that the maximum absorbed power of the duck WEC device is attained in its resonant period,while the maximum efficiency is achieved in a lower period.The influence of the damping coefficient on the PTO is also investigated.The optimal damping coefficient for acquiring more power and better efficiency is determined from a numerical examination.
文摘On August 21,2017,NSFC Vice President Liu Congqiang met with Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell,President of Royal Society of Edinburgh and the RSE delegation.
文摘After a stellar debut season that included reigniting dangerous emotional games in WhosAfraid of Virginia Woolf?and staging life's vicious rat race in Glengarry Glen Ross,Urban Aphrodite returns with an entirely newfangled production in both style and content.
文摘As Lu Shipping tears up a $5,000 check offered by Zhou Puyuan and storms off in a huff,the classic Chinese play Thunderstorm comes to a close at the Beijing Foreign Studies University Auditorium.After playing only two scenes,the actors—students from Edinburgh Napier University in the United Kingdom—won enthusiastic applause for their perfect interpretation.
文摘In December 2023,I was part of a doctoral viva at the University of Edinburgh,and one colleague reminded us of the novelty effect notion in education.In a nutshell,this term refers to individuals or institutions quickly embracing a process,idea or product,because it is perceived and experienced as innovative and beneficial,but as time passes by,the novelty becomes normalized and interest begins to decrease.For example,this effect has been examined in relation to digital technologies in education(e.g.,Jeno et al.,2019;Tsay et al.,2020).The discussion that ensued in the viva lingered in my head for a few days as it prompted me to reflect on the influence that content and language integrated learning(CLIL)continues to have around the world.In other words,research and practice have demonstrated that CLIL has overcome the novelty effect,and this special issue attests to it.
