针对小白菜生长中存在的养分供应不平衡与施肥量预测模型精度不足的问题,该研究搭建了一套基于实时土壤养分检测的变量施肥机,可在单次作业中实现土壤参数的在线采集、施肥需求预测与施肥执行的协同运行。同时运用机器学习方法,结合小...针对小白菜生长中存在的养分供应不平衡与施肥量预测模型精度不足的问题,该研究搭建了一套基于实时土壤养分检测的变量施肥机,可在单次作业中实现土壤参数的在线采集、施肥需求预测与施肥执行的协同运行。同时运用机器学习方法,结合小白菜历史生长环境与养分数据,构建了基于混合乌燕鸥算法优化的BP神经网络(backpropagation neural network model based on hybrid sooty tern optimization algorithm,HA-STOA-BP)预测模型。预测结果与BP神经网络预测模型、基于鲸鱼算法优化的BP神经网络预测模型(WOA-BP)以及基于乌燕鸥算法优化的BP神经网络(STOA-BP)预测模型进行比较,结果显示HA-STOA-BP模型预测值与实际施肥量的变化趋势高度一致,模型平均决定系数达0.970,而STOA-BP模型、WOA-BP模型以及BP模型平均决定系数分别为0.867、0.815以及0.656;同时HA-STOA-BP预测模型的最大绝对百分比误差为9.89%,均小于STOA-BP模型、WOA-BP模型以及BP模型最大绝对百分比误差的17.17%、18.15%、24.19%,表明该预测模型具有更好的预测性能。在此基础上,通过田间试验对变量施肥装置在不同作业速度下的排肥稳定性与作业性能进行了系统评估。选取0.30、0.65和0.80 m/s三种典型作业速度开展排肥精度测试。试验结果表明,在0.30 m/s作业速度下,平均排肥精度达到97.5%;在0.65 m/s作业速度下,平均排肥精度为95.1%。随着作业速度的提高,排肥精度出现一定程度的下降趋势,但在0.80 m/s条件下平均排肥精度仍保持在91.0%。上述结果表明,所提出的变量施肥机排肥策略模型能够提高小白菜施肥量预测的精度,可为实现快速、精准和高效的变量施肥提供参考。展开更多
Continuous cropping is a common pattern of modern agriculture that takes regional advantages for crop yield profits.Along the progress of mono-cropping continuously supported by intensive fertilizer inputs,such a crop...Continuous cropping is a common pattern of modern agriculture that takes regional advantages for crop yield profits.Along the progress of mono-cropping continuously supported by intensive fertilizer inputs,such a cropping pattern often undergoes serious problems with low fertilizer use efficiencies and unsustainable crop production.In this study,we dealt with a>25-year continuous garlic cropping system as an example for a problem-solving investigation.These garlic cropping soils underwent problems characterized by loss of soil organic matter,dramatic retention of NH_(4)^(+)-N,and excess accumulation of phosphate and potash chemicals.Through hydroponic simulations,we revealed that the presence of NH_(4)^(+)-N inhibited the root uptake of NO_(3)^(-)-N and K by 68% and 88%,respectively.Despite the traditionally emphasized importance of K,we observed the negative effect of high K on the growth of garlic roots.Further field experiments demonstrated that P and K applications can be reduced by 60% and 50%,respectively,without loss of yield.We thus developed a high-performance fertilization strategy by integrating a recomposed NPK fertilizer formulation to reduce unnecessary P and K inputs,a supplementary application of long-lasting C of woody peat to compensate for the soil C loss,and a foliar K approach to strengthen the stomatal function improvement with K.This strategy allowed a 15% increase of garlic yield and a seasonal soil C profit of ca.1.8 Mg ha^(-1)even at ca.30% lower fertilizer cost.This study would be helpful in managing garlic fertilization and developing compound fertilizers,with broader significance for other long-term cropping soils.展开更多
The objectives of this study were to apply statistical techniques to discriminate fertilization treatments of Eremanthus erythropappus（DC.） Mac Leish.through autoregressive modeling, and to develop individual tree m...The objectives of this study were to apply statistical techniques to discriminate fertilization treatments of Eremanthus erythropappus（DC.） Mac Leish.through autoregressive modeling, and to develop individual tree models for diameter and crown area（CA） projection to define management strategies for candeia plantations subjected to different fertilization treatments. This is an important tree species originating from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain forest and Savannah biomes, intensively used in the cosmetic industry. Nonetheless, to date, research has not addressed the management of natural stands or plantations of the species. Our experiment was located in Baependi, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and comprised of four randomized blocks and 13 treatments. The treatments consisted of 12 different regimes of fertilization plus a control. Each sample plot was composed of 50 plants plus two border plants in a planting spacing of 2.5 9 2.0 m and undergoing pruning at 5 and 6 years of age. Starting in the second year, total tree height（H） and circumference（at 1.30 m from the ground or breast height, CBH） were measured every 6 months. Starting in the fifth year CA was measured. Tree growth varied by fertilization strategy.Differences were detected by using an autoregressive approach, considering that standard statistical methods were not powerful enough to detect significant differences.Three growth groups were formed, and maximum growth was obtained for treatment 10（NPK, 8-28-16）. Management guidelines are provided based on individual tree models for different fertilization levels.展开更多
The success rate of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer is only about 28.5%.The combination of traditional Chinese medicine and assisted reproduction technology can effectively improve the pregnancy rate,which ...The success rate of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer is only about 28.5%.The combination of traditional Chinese medicine and assisted reproduction technology can effectively improve the pregnancy rate,which has good application prospect.However,there is no relevant record in traditional Chinese medicine.Unified diagnosis and treatment system has yet been established.According to many years of clinical experience,Professor Qi Cong summarized the treatment strategy of traditional Chinese medicine.Treatment of invigorating the spleen to nourish blood,reinforcing the spleen and kidney,tonifying the kidney and activating blood circulation,enriching the kidney to prevent miscarriage,cooling blood to stop bleeding are given based on the characteristics of each stage and patients'symptoms during the transplantation.Disease differentiation matters during intermittent stage.Besides,she advocated treating husband and wife together.All of the above are characterized by Chinese medicine concept of pre cultivating the loss,treating the same disease with different methods,and three categories of etiologic factors.展开更多
With the sustainable development of precision agriculture and the steady progress of variable-rate fertilization technology,the centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer spreader has attracted research attention due to its...With the sustainable development of precision agriculture and the steady progress of variable-rate fertilization technology,the centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer spreader has attracted research attention due to its lower incidence of crush damage,high efficiency,and low cost.To improve fertilization accuracy and uniformity,spreading performance tests were conducted using this spreader in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 5690 and ASAE S341.2,in which particle mass was weighed in a two-dimensional matrix of collection boxes.The effects of fertilization strategies that control the feed gate flow rate and the disc rotation speed on particle distribution,and application rate per unit area and effective swath width,were investigated.A variable-rate fertilization model was developed by analyzing the variation characteristics resulting from an increasing and decreasing application rate,and field experiments were conducted to verify its accuracy.The results indicated that when the feed gate flow rate was 300 g/s,the mean application rate was 26.47 g,the standard deviation is 2.81,and the coefficient of variation of particle distribution is at its minimum value of 14.25%.When the disc rotation speed was 600 r/min,the fertilizer was most evenly distributed with a coefficient of variation of 13.86%,and an average effective spreader swath width of 24.51 m.The proposed variable-rate fertilization model showed a high fitting degree with an S-shaped function curve for both increasing and decreasing distribution rates and the yielding coefficients of determination were more than 0.82 and 0.71,respectively.The average error between the model predictions and the test results was 9.47%,and the coefficients of determination for the increasing and decreasing distribution rates were 0.91 and 0.82,respectively,which confirmed the accuracy of the proposed variable-rate fertilization model.This investigation provided a theoretical basis for traditional empirical fertilization using centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer spreaders,and guides the selection of a multiple trajectory,variable-rate fertilization strategy.展开更多
文摘针对小白菜生长中存在的养分供应不平衡与施肥量预测模型精度不足的问题,该研究搭建了一套基于实时土壤养分检测的变量施肥机,可在单次作业中实现土壤参数的在线采集、施肥需求预测与施肥执行的协同运行。同时运用机器学习方法,结合小白菜历史生长环境与养分数据,构建了基于混合乌燕鸥算法优化的BP神经网络(backpropagation neural network model based on hybrid sooty tern optimization algorithm,HA-STOA-BP)预测模型。预测结果与BP神经网络预测模型、基于鲸鱼算法优化的BP神经网络预测模型(WOA-BP)以及基于乌燕鸥算法优化的BP神经网络(STOA-BP)预测模型进行比较,结果显示HA-STOA-BP模型预测值与实际施肥量的变化趋势高度一致,模型平均决定系数达0.970,而STOA-BP模型、WOA-BP模型以及BP模型平均决定系数分别为0.867、0.815以及0.656;同时HA-STOA-BP预测模型的最大绝对百分比误差为9.89%,均小于STOA-BP模型、WOA-BP模型以及BP模型最大绝对百分比误差的17.17%、18.15%、24.19%,表明该预测模型具有更好的预测性能。在此基础上,通过田间试验对变量施肥装置在不同作业速度下的排肥稳定性与作业性能进行了系统评估。选取0.30、0.65和0.80 m/s三种典型作业速度开展排肥精度测试。试验结果表明,在0.30 m/s作业速度下,平均排肥精度达到97.5%;在0.65 m/s作业速度下,平均排肥精度为95.1%。随着作业速度的提高,排肥精度出现一定程度的下降趋势,但在0.80 m/s条件下平均排肥精度仍保持在91.0%。上述结果表明,所提出的变量施肥机排肥策略模型能够提高小白菜施肥量预测的精度,可为实现快速、精准和高效的变量施肥提供参考。
基金supported by the 14th Five-Year Plan Innovation Program of the Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ISSASIP2201)。
文摘Continuous cropping is a common pattern of modern agriculture that takes regional advantages for crop yield profits.Along the progress of mono-cropping continuously supported by intensive fertilizer inputs,such a cropping pattern often undergoes serious problems with low fertilizer use efficiencies and unsustainable crop production.In this study,we dealt with a>25-year continuous garlic cropping system as an example for a problem-solving investigation.These garlic cropping soils underwent problems characterized by loss of soil organic matter,dramatic retention of NH_(4)^(+)-N,and excess accumulation of phosphate and potash chemicals.Through hydroponic simulations,we revealed that the presence of NH_(4)^(+)-N inhibited the root uptake of NO_(3)^(-)-N and K by 68% and 88%,respectively.Despite the traditionally emphasized importance of K,we observed the negative effect of high K on the growth of garlic roots.Further field experiments demonstrated that P and K applications can be reduced by 60% and 50%,respectively,without loss of yield.We thus developed a high-performance fertilization strategy by integrating a recomposed NPK fertilizer formulation to reduce unnecessary P and K inputs,a supplementary application of long-lasting C of woody peat to compensate for the soil C loss,and a foliar K approach to strengthen the stomatal function improvement with K.This strategy allowed a 15% increase of garlic yield and a seasonal soil C profit of ca.1.8 Mg ha^(-1)even at ca.30% lower fertilizer cost.This study would be helpful in managing garlic fertilization and developing compound fertilizers,with broader significance for other long-term cropping soils.
基金supported by the Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)+3 种基金the Fundao de Amparo á Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais(FAPEMIG)the Instituto Estadual de Florestas(IEF)the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovveis(IBAMA)Ministrio do Meio Ambiente(MMA)and Citróleo
文摘The objectives of this study were to apply statistical techniques to discriminate fertilization treatments of Eremanthus erythropappus（DC.） Mac Leish.through autoregressive modeling, and to develop individual tree models for diameter and crown area（CA） projection to define management strategies for candeia plantations subjected to different fertilization treatments. This is an important tree species originating from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain forest and Savannah biomes, intensively used in the cosmetic industry. Nonetheless, to date, research has not addressed the management of natural stands or plantations of the species. Our experiment was located in Baependi, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and comprised of four randomized blocks and 13 treatments. The treatments consisted of 12 different regimes of fertilization plus a control. Each sample plot was composed of 50 plants plus two border plants in a planting spacing of 2.5 9 2.0 m and undergoing pruning at 5 and 6 years of age. Starting in the second year, total tree height（H） and circumference（at 1.30 m from the ground or breast height, CBH） were measured every 6 months. Starting in the fifth year CA was measured. Tree growth varied by fertilization strategy.Differences were detected by using an autoregressive approach, considering that standard statistical methods were not powerful enough to detect significant differences.Three growth groups were formed, and maximum growth was obtained for treatment 10（NPK, 8-28-16）. Management guidelines are provided based on individual tree models for different fertilization levels.
基金Experts Qi cong's Academic Experience Laboratory of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.SZYMZYGZS4014)Shanghai Xinglin New Star project(No.2018-2020-RCPY-3012)。
文摘The success rate of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer is only about 28.5%.The combination of traditional Chinese medicine and assisted reproduction technology can effectively improve the pregnancy rate,which has good application prospect.However,there is no relevant record in traditional Chinese medicine.Unified diagnosis and treatment system has yet been established.According to many years of clinical experience,Professor Qi Cong summarized the treatment strategy of traditional Chinese medicine.Treatment of invigorating the spleen to nourish blood,reinforcing the spleen and kidney,tonifying the kidney and activating blood circulation,enriching the kidney to prevent miscarriage,cooling blood to stop bleeding are given based on the characteristics of each stage and patients'symptoms during the transplantation.Disease differentiation matters during intermittent stage.Besides,she advocated treating husband and wife together.All of the above are characterized by Chinese medicine concept of pre cultivating the loss,treating the same disease with different methods,and three categories of etiologic factors.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by National Key Project of Research and Development Program(Grant No.2016YFD0200600-2016YFD0200602-4)Projects funded from special funds of the National Modern Agricultural Industry and Technology System(Grant No.CARS-14-Mechanized equipment).
文摘With the sustainable development of precision agriculture and the steady progress of variable-rate fertilization technology,the centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer spreader has attracted research attention due to its lower incidence of crush damage,high efficiency,and low cost.To improve fertilization accuracy and uniformity,spreading performance tests were conducted using this spreader in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 5690 and ASAE S341.2,in which particle mass was weighed in a two-dimensional matrix of collection boxes.The effects of fertilization strategies that control the feed gate flow rate and the disc rotation speed on particle distribution,and application rate per unit area and effective swath width,were investigated.A variable-rate fertilization model was developed by analyzing the variation characteristics resulting from an increasing and decreasing application rate,and field experiments were conducted to verify its accuracy.The results indicated that when the feed gate flow rate was 300 g/s,the mean application rate was 26.47 g,the standard deviation is 2.81,and the coefficient of variation of particle distribution is at its minimum value of 14.25%.When the disc rotation speed was 600 r/min,the fertilizer was most evenly distributed with a coefficient of variation of 13.86%,and an average effective spreader swath width of 24.51 m.The proposed variable-rate fertilization model showed a high fitting degree with an S-shaped function curve for both increasing and decreasing distribution rates and the yielding coefficients of determination were more than 0.82 and 0.71,respectively.The average error between the model predictions and the test results was 9.47%,and the coefficients of determination for the increasing and decreasing distribution rates were 0.91 and 0.82,respectively,which confirmed the accuracy of the proposed variable-rate fertilization model.This investigation provided a theoretical basis for traditional empirical fertilization using centrifugal variable-rate fertilizer spreaders,and guides the selection of a multiple trajectory,variable-rate fertilization strategy.
