Dog bites are a major cause for transmission of rabies virus to humans.Pakistan ranks fifth among most rabies affected countries in the world.There are a few regional(ecological)studies that investigated factors that ...Dog bites are a major cause for transmission of rabies virus to humans.Pakistan ranks fifth among most rabies affected countries in the world.There are a few regional(ecological)studies that investigated factors that explain geographic disparities in incidence of dog bite injuries.The main objective of this research was to document findings of spatial exploratory data analysis of incidence of reported cases of dog bite in Punjab province of Pakistan(2016-2019).In addition,we have quantified the association between incidence of dog bites and a set of selected socio-economic and demographic variables.District-wise data about reported cases of dog bites from 2016 to 2019 were used to map annual crude incidence per 100,000 of population.There was an obvious spatial variation in incidence of dog bites but there was no evidence of spatial autocorrelation.The risk of dog bite attacks was relatively higher in districts with low human population density(per sq.km),poor literacy rate,more rural population(%of total population),and lower median nighttime lights.展开更多
Rationale:There are many cases of daily reported dog bite injuries around the world.However,craniofacial fractures owing to dog bites are quite rare.They are frequently seen in the pediatric age group.Here,we report t...Rationale:There are many cases of daily reported dog bite injuries around the world.However,craniofacial fractures owing to dog bites are quite rare.They are frequently seen in the pediatric age group.Here,we report the successful management of a pediatric patient with depression skull fracture due to a dog bite injury.Patient’s concerns:A 3-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department with a complicated skull fracture due to a dog bite injury.In physical examination,the patient was neurologically intact.He had hemorrhagic scalp wounds.Cerebrospinal fluid was leaking on the right temporal and frontal sides.Diagnosis:Cranial computed tomography revealed pneumocephalus,brain edema,and compound fracture associated with right frontal concussion.Intervention:After decompressive craniectomy,duraplasty was performed by placing a galea graft.Depressed fractures were removed and subdural bleeding control was provided.Outcomes:Perioperative and postoperative periods were uneventful.Lessons:Emergency medicine physicians should control possible underlying fracture lines in pediatric head trauma caused by dog bites.展开更多
Introduction: Rabies is a neglected tropical disease that is highly fatal and yet it is under-reported in the developing countries like Nigeria. The domestic dog is the primary reservoir host as well as the most impor...Introduction: Rabies is a neglected tropical disease that is highly fatal and yet it is under-reported in the developing countries like Nigeria. The domestic dog is the primary reservoir host as well as the most important source of infection usually conveyed by saliva through bites. Aim: This study sought to determine the frequency and outcome of dog bite injury and clinical rabies presented to the Accident and Emergency unit of Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study reviewed the medical records of all patients with dog bite who presented over an eight-year period from August 2014 to July 2022. Rabies virus infection was diagnosed on clinical basis. A structured proforma was used to extract relevant information and data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Result: Mean and median age was 27.03 ± 10.98 and 29 years respectively, range of 2 - 47 years and 11 (73.3%) were males. There were 15 cases of dog bite out of 17,187 patients making frequency of 1.14 per 1000 persons constituting 0.09% or about 2 cases yearly. Seven (46.7%) of this total number had clinical rabies infection with 7 (100.0%) mortality. All 7 (100.0%) with clinical rabies had a furious (encephalitic) form. Rabies immunoglobulin was prescribed in 8 (53.3%), 6 (40.0%) received them while 13 (86.7%) received post-exposure rabies vaccine. Conclusion: Dog bite is an uncommon reason for Accident and Emergency visit in our facility with male preponderance. However, about 46.7% of the dog bite victims developed clinical symptoms suggestive of furious (encephalitic) form of rabies with 100.0% fatality.展开更多
Background:Dog bites are common in developing countries including Ghana,with the victims often being children.Although some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others,all dog bites carry ...Background:Dog bites are common in developing countries including Ghana,with the victims often being children.Although some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others,all dog bites carry a risk of infection.Immediate and initial assessment of the risk for tetanus and rabies infection with appropriate interventions such as wound management and subsequent selection of prophylactic antibiotics are essential in the management of dog bites.This study examined the management of patients with dog bites by frontline service providers at primary healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region,Ghana.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study in 66 public health facilities in the Greater Accra Region from July 2014 to April 2015.Up to four frontline service providers were randomly selected to participate from each facility.A structured questionnaire was administered to all consenting participants.Continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations.The frontline service providers’knowledge was assessed as a discrete variable and values obtained presented as percentages and proportions.The chi-square test of proportions was used to determine any significant associations between the various categories of the frontline service providers and their knowledge about the management of rabies.Results:Regarding the frontline service providers’knowledge about rabies,57.8%(134/232)were correct in that the rabies virus is the causative agent of rabies,39.2%(91/232)attributed it to a dog bite,2.6%(6/232)did not know the cause,and one person(0.4%)attributed it to the herpes virus.Only 15.5%(36/232)knew the incubation period in dogs and the period required to observe for signs of a rabies infection.With respect to the administration of rabies immunoglobulin,42.2%(98/232)of the frontline service providers did not know how to administer it.Of the facilities visited,76%(50/66)did not have the rabies vaccines and 44%(102/232)of frontline service providers did not know where to get the rabies vaccines from.Most of the service providers(87.9%;204/232)had never reported either a dog bite or a suspected case of rabies.Overall,there was gross underreporting of dog bites and suspected rabies cases at public healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.Conclusions:In view of the high morbidity and mortality associated with bites from rabid dogs and the poor knowledge and practices of frontline service providers,there is an urgent need for capacity-building such as training in the management of dog bites and subsequent potential rabies infection.展开更多
目的分析动物抓咬所致颌面部外伤的研究趋势和热点。方法检索Web of Science核心合集数据库中动物抓咬所致颌面部外伤相关文献,时间范围为建库至2024年5月31日,使用CiteSpace可视化软件分析关键词研究现状。结果共纳入动物抓咬所致颌面...目的分析动物抓咬所致颌面部外伤的研究趋势和热点。方法检索Web of Science核心合集数据库中动物抓咬所致颌面部外伤相关文献,时间范围为建库至2024年5月31日,使用CiteSpace可视化软件分析关键词研究现状。结果共纳入动物抓咬所致颌面部外伤相关文献260篇。关键词研究热点主要集中在狗咬伤(dog bites)、儿童(children)和外伤(injury),其中狗咬伤、儿童是排名前2的高中介中心性关键词。根据LLR算法对关键词进行聚类分析,获得主要聚类11个。近年突现的关键词有动物咬伤(animal bites)、颌面外伤(maxillofacial trauma)和小儿外伤(pediatric trauma)。结论动物抓咬所致颌面部外伤患者群以儿童为主,研究内容主要涉及动物咬伤及儿童狗咬伤现状、颌面部动物咬伤流行病学等方面,未来研究应聚焦于动物咬伤的预防、伤口管理和面部重建技术,以提高治疗效果和患者生活质量。展开更多
Objective: To describe and analyze the epidemiological aspects as well as the observance of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of people bitten by a dog and received at the Buanionzi State Health Center from 2014 to 2017...Objective: To describe and analyze the epidemiological aspects as well as the observance of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of people bitten by a dog and received at the Buanionzi State Health Center from 2014 to 2017. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study which took place in two stages. The first interview was an interrogation carried out at the health Center until surgical trimming (100% of cases) followed by PEP (70.3% of cases) according to the Essen protocol. The second time was a 24 h telephone interview after a missed appointment for a dose of PEP. Results: The prevalence was 5.6 bites/10.000 people. The average age was 26.4 ± 18.3 years. Age ≤ 26 years was more concerned with 59.3% of cases (p = 0.006) in which children Conclusion: The rabies risk is potential in Boma. Efforts in terms of public health strategies must be made to reduce it.展开更多
文摘Dog bites are a major cause for transmission of rabies virus to humans.Pakistan ranks fifth among most rabies affected countries in the world.There are a few regional(ecological)studies that investigated factors that explain geographic disparities in incidence of dog bite injuries.The main objective of this research was to document findings of spatial exploratory data analysis of incidence of reported cases of dog bite in Punjab province of Pakistan(2016-2019).In addition,we have quantified the association between incidence of dog bites and a set of selected socio-economic and demographic variables.District-wise data about reported cases of dog bites from 2016 to 2019 were used to map annual crude incidence per 100,000 of population.There was an obvious spatial variation in incidence of dog bites but there was no evidence of spatial autocorrelation.The risk of dog bite attacks was relatively higher in districts with low human population density(per sq.km),poor literacy rate,more rural population(%of total population),and lower median nighttime lights.
文摘Rationale:There are many cases of daily reported dog bite injuries around the world.However,craniofacial fractures owing to dog bites are quite rare.They are frequently seen in the pediatric age group.Here,we report the successful management of a pediatric patient with depression skull fracture due to a dog bite injury.Patient’s concerns:A 3-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department with a complicated skull fracture due to a dog bite injury.In physical examination,the patient was neurologically intact.He had hemorrhagic scalp wounds.Cerebrospinal fluid was leaking on the right temporal and frontal sides.Diagnosis:Cranial computed tomography revealed pneumocephalus,brain edema,and compound fracture associated with right frontal concussion.Intervention:After decompressive craniectomy,duraplasty was performed by placing a galea graft.Depressed fractures were removed and subdural bleeding control was provided.Outcomes:Perioperative and postoperative periods were uneventful.Lessons:Emergency medicine physicians should control possible underlying fracture lines in pediatric head trauma caused by dog bites.
文摘Introduction: Rabies is a neglected tropical disease that is highly fatal and yet it is under-reported in the developing countries like Nigeria. The domestic dog is the primary reservoir host as well as the most important source of infection usually conveyed by saliva through bites. Aim: This study sought to determine the frequency and outcome of dog bite injury and clinical rabies presented to the Accident and Emergency unit of Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study reviewed the medical records of all patients with dog bite who presented over an eight-year period from August 2014 to July 2022. Rabies virus infection was diagnosed on clinical basis. A structured proforma was used to extract relevant information and data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Result: Mean and median age was 27.03 ± 10.98 and 29 years respectively, range of 2 - 47 years and 11 (73.3%) were males. There were 15 cases of dog bite out of 17,187 patients making frequency of 1.14 per 1000 persons constituting 0.09% or about 2 cases yearly. Seven (46.7%) of this total number had clinical rabies infection with 7 (100.0%) mortality. All 7 (100.0%) with clinical rabies had a furious (encephalitic) form. Rabies immunoglobulin was prescribed in 8 (53.3%), 6 (40.0%) received them while 13 (86.7%) received post-exposure rabies vaccine. Conclusion: Dog bite is an uncommon reason for Accident and Emergency visit in our facility with male preponderance. However, about 46.7% of the dog bite victims developed clinical symptoms suggestive of furious (encephalitic) form of rabies with 100.0% fatality.
基金The study was funded by University of Ghana’s Office of Research,Innovation and Development.URF/7/ILG-037/2013–2014.
文摘Background:Dog bites are common in developing countries including Ghana,with the victims often being children.Although some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others,all dog bites carry a risk of infection.Immediate and initial assessment of the risk for tetanus and rabies infection with appropriate interventions such as wound management and subsequent selection of prophylactic antibiotics are essential in the management of dog bites.This study examined the management of patients with dog bites by frontline service providers at primary healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region,Ghana.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study in 66 public health facilities in the Greater Accra Region from July 2014 to April 2015.Up to four frontline service providers were randomly selected to participate from each facility.A structured questionnaire was administered to all consenting participants.Continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations.The frontline service providers’knowledge was assessed as a discrete variable and values obtained presented as percentages and proportions.The chi-square test of proportions was used to determine any significant associations between the various categories of the frontline service providers and their knowledge about the management of rabies.Results:Regarding the frontline service providers’knowledge about rabies,57.8%(134/232)were correct in that the rabies virus is the causative agent of rabies,39.2%(91/232)attributed it to a dog bite,2.6%(6/232)did not know the cause,and one person(0.4%)attributed it to the herpes virus.Only 15.5%(36/232)knew the incubation period in dogs and the period required to observe for signs of a rabies infection.With respect to the administration of rabies immunoglobulin,42.2%(98/232)of the frontline service providers did not know how to administer it.Of the facilities visited,76%(50/66)did not have the rabies vaccines and 44%(102/232)of frontline service providers did not know where to get the rabies vaccines from.Most of the service providers(87.9%;204/232)had never reported either a dog bite or a suspected case of rabies.Overall,there was gross underreporting of dog bites and suspected rabies cases at public healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.Conclusions:In view of the high morbidity and mortality associated with bites from rabid dogs and the poor knowledge and practices of frontline service providers,there is an urgent need for capacity-building such as training in the management of dog bites and subsequent potential rabies infection.
文摘Objective: To describe and analyze the epidemiological aspects as well as the observance of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of people bitten by a dog and received at the Buanionzi State Health Center from 2014 to 2017. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study which took place in two stages. The first interview was an interrogation carried out at the health Center until surgical trimming (100% of cases) followed by PEP (70.3% of cases) according to the Essen protocol. The second time was a 24 h telephone interview after a missed appointment for a dose of PEP. Results: The prevalence was 5.6 bites/10.000 people. The average age was 26.4 ± 18.3 years. Age ≤ 26 years was more concerned with 59.3% of cases (p = 0.006) in which children Conclusion: The rabies risk is potential in Boma. Efforts in terms of public health strategies must be made to reduce it.
