Background:Diquat,a commonly employed bipyridyl herbicide,is recognized for its hepatotoxic effects attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species.Baicalin(BAI),a flavonoid derivative,has garnered significant...Background:Diquat,a commonly employed bipyridyl herbicide,is recognized for its hepatotoxic effects attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species.Baicalin(BAI),a flavonoid derivative,has garnered significant research interest for its hepatoprotective properties.Nevertheless,the clinical application of BAI is constrained by its limited water solubility and poor bioavailability.To address these challenges,BAI-nanoliposome(BAI-NL)has emerged as a novel drug delivery platform aimed at enhancing therapeutic outcomes.Methods:We used diquat-induced liver injury mouse model and AML12 hepatocytes to test the pro-tective effect of BAI and BAI-NL on liver inflammation,oxidative stress,and mitochondrial function.The parameters included histological,biochemical,and molecular biological analyses.Results:In the diquat-induced model,both BAI and BAI-NL exhibited effectiveness on attenuating liver inflammation.Ex vivo analyses further indicated that BAI-NL was superior to BAI in preserving mito-chondrial membrane potential,reducing oxidative stress,and modulating the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase(Parkin)signaling pathway.These findings enhanced mitophagy and facilitated the removal of damaged mitochondria.Conclusions:BAI-NL exhibited superior hepatoprotective effects compared to free BAI,possibly by re-ducing inflammation,preserving mitochondrial homeostasis,and reinstating autophagic balance through modulation of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.These outcomes indicate a groundbreaking method for addressing liver diseases and underscore the potential of nanoliposome technology in augmenting the efficacy of natural compounds.展开更多
BACKGROUND:In recent years,with the ban on paraquat,the use of diquat (DQ) as a substitute has significantly increased,leading to a corresponding increase in DQ poisoning cases.This study aimed to identify relevant ri...BACKGROUND:In recent years,with the ban on paraquat,the use of diquat (DQ) as a substitute has significantly increased,leading to a corresponding increase in DQ poisoning cases.This study aimed to identify relevant risk factors affecting patient prognosis and provide a basis for the assessment of patient prognosis.METHODS:Patients with DQ poisoning were included from September 2020 to December2023,and data were extracted from their electronic medical records on the first day of hospitalization.Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and binary multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the collected clinical data to identify risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 117 patients with acute DQ poisoning were included,and were categorized into two groups based on their 28-day outcomes:survival group (n=67) and non-survival group (n=50).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex,lymphocyte count,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,or blood purification rate (P>0.05).The analysis revealed that age (odds ratio[OR]1.094,95%confidence interval[95%CI]1.022–1.171),blood drug concentration (OR 3.659,95%CI1.846–7.252),lactate (OR 1.686,95%CI 1.062–2.678),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)(OR 1.101,95%CI 1.017–1.192),albumin (OR 1.275,95%CI 1.107–1.468),and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(OR 1.027,95%CI 1.005–1.051) were the risk factors for mortality.CONCLUSION:This study identified key risk factors for 28-day mortality in patients with acute DQ poisoning,which may provide valuable guidance for clinical treatment,particularly for emergency physicians.展开更多
Oxidative stress can induce abnormal tryptophan metabolism. The present study was mainly conducted to determine the effect of dietary tryptophan levels on oxidative stress in the liver of weaned pigs challenged by diq...Oxidative stress can induce abnormal tryptophan metabolism. The present study was mainly conducted to determine the effect of dietary tryptophan levels on oxidative stress in the liver of weaned pigs challenged by diquat. A total of 36 PIC piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 diets containing dietary tryptophan levels of 0.18, 0.30, and 0A5% for 14 d. On day 8, the piglets were injected intraperitoneally with sterile 0.9% NaCI solution or diquat （10 mg/kg body weight）. During the first 7 d of trial, increasing dietary tryptophan levels enhanced average daily gain （P = 0.09） and average daily feed intake （P = 0.08）, and decreased the feed efficiency （P 〈 0.05） of piglets. The growth performance was decreased by diquat injection （P 〈 0.05）. Diquat injection also decreased the activities of the superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GPx） in the plasma and liver （P 〈 0.05）, increased plasma malondialdehyde （MDA） （P 〈 0.05） and urea nitrogen （P 〈 0.05） concentrations, and enhanced MDA concentration （P = 0.09） and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase （TDO） activity （P = 0.07） in liver of piglets. Increasing dietary tryptophan levels could attenuate the effects of diquat injection on the MDA （P = 0.06） concentration and the activities of SOD （P = 0.09） and GPx （P = 0.05） of the liver, and plasma urea nitrogen （P = 0.06） concentration in the piglet. There was a synergistic role for increasing TDO activity in the liver between dietary tryptophan levels and diquat injection （P 〈 0.05）. These results suggest that increasing dietary tryptophan levels could attenuate the oxidative stress of the liver in weaned piglets intraperitoneally injected with diquat via enhancing the antioxidant capacity.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the withdrawal of paraquat from the market,diquat is widely used,so the treatment of diquat poisoning has become one of the focuses of emergency poisoning diagnosis and treatment.CASE SUMMARY We studie...BACKGROUND With the withdrawal of paraquat from the market,diquat is widely used,so the treatment of diquat poisoning has become one of the focuses of emergency poisoning diagnosis and treatment.CASE SUMMARY We studied the case of a 17-year-old male patient who drank 200 mL(20 g/100 mL)of diquat solution two hours before arriving at the hospital.Despite the use of treatments such as gastric lavage,hemoperfusion,continuous hemodialysis,glucocorticoids,and organ support,the patient’s condition rapidly progressed to multiorgan failure,and he died 23.5 h after admission.CONCLUSION We summarized the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of diquat poisoning through this case and performed a literature review to provide a basis and direction for clinical treatment.展开更多
Following the withdrawal of paraquat,diquat(DQ)has emerged as the predominant herbicide.When people come into contact with or ingest DQ,may lead to poisoning and potentially fatal outcomes.Reports suggest that the mor...Following the withdrawal of paraquat,diquat(DQ)has emerged as the predominant herbicide.When people come into contact with or ingest DQ,may lead to poisoning and potentially fatal outcomes.Reports suggest that the mortality of DQ poisoning can be as high as 50%.DQ poisoning can be categorized as mild,moderate to severe or fulminant.In cases of fulminant poisoning,victims often succumb to multiple organ failure within 48 h.This presents a significant challenge in the clinical management.Scholars have discovered that oxidative stress,inflammatory injury,and cell apoptosis play crucial roles in the DQ poisoning.However,the underlying connection of the extensive organ damage remains unknown.The abnormal function and activity of endothelial cells(EC)should play a crucial role in tissue damage caused by DQ due to rich microcirculation and high sensitivity to perfusion in the vulnerable organs.However,reports on DQ-induced EC injury is rare.We made a preliminary discovery-the presence of severe vascular endothelial damage in the kidneys and lungs affected by DQ.Therefore,we hypothesize that DQ poisoning may be attributed to EC damage,ultimately resulting in multiple organ failure.展开更多
The C/PbO2 electrode assisted electrochemical removal of diquat dibromide herbicides solutions has been the subject of the present investigation under several operating conditions. The optimum conditions of the treatm...The C/PbO2 electrode assisted electrochemical removal of diquat dibromide herbicides solutions has been the subject of the present investigation under several operating conditions. The optimum conditions of the treatment process are: current density of 150 mA/cm2, pH 2.2, NaCl concentration 2 g/L, temperature of 10?C and initial diquat concentration of 50 mg/L. The time of electrolysis is 60 min for degradation rate of diquat and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal is 210 min. The results were obtained by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the present designed electrode was coincident.展开更多
This research explored the protective impact of bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLF) in diquat(DQ) stressed broilers;providing insight of antioxidant, immune response and intestinal barrier function. This experiment consisted ...This research explored the protective impact of bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLF) in diquat(DQ) stressed broilers;providing insight of antioxidant, immune response and intestinal barrier function. This experiment consisted of two parts. In the first, 240 chicks were allotted to 2 groups with 8 replicates and15 chicks per replicate. Treatments consisted of a basic feed(control group, CON) and the basic feed plus1000 mg/kg BLF(BLF group, BLF) for 28 d, respectively. Then, following the conclusion of the first part, 16healthy broilers were selected from the CON group and the BLF group. They formed the second part of the experiment, and were allotted to 4 treatments with 8 broilers each: CON-no stress(CON-NS) group,CON-DQ group, BLF-NS group and the BLF-DQ group. Broilers were separately injected intraperitoneally with DQ solution at 40 mg/kg body weight or the same dose of phosphate buffer saline. The results revealed adding BLF to diet reduced the ratio of feed to weight gain of broilers compared to the basic feed group(P = 0.021). In comparison to the CON-NS group, BLF improved the levels of serum and jejunal mucosa total antioxidant capacity, immunoglobulin M, serum catalase, immunoglobulin A, interleukin10, jejunal mucosa interleukin 4, cecal butyric acid, valeric acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, upregulated zonula occludens-1(ZO-1), occludin(OCLN) and claudin-1(CLDN1) expressions, and reduced the levels of jejunal mucosa malondialdehyde(MDA), interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and serum diamine oxidase(P < 0.05). Diquat stress elevated the contents of serum MDA, D-lactate, jejunal mucosa tumor necrosis factor a, reactive oxygen species and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae relative abundance, downregulated ZO-1, OCLN and CLDN1 expressions, and reduced Sobs, Chao and Ace indices(P < 0.05).Compared with CON-NS group, the concentration of isovaleric acid in the BLF-DQ group was higher(P < 0.05). In conclusion, by establishing a DQ stress injury model, it was elucidated that BLF may enhance antioxidant capacity, strengthen immunity, regulate volatile fatty acid contents, improve intestinal morphology, microbiota and other intestinal barrier functions, so as to mitigate the injury induced by oxidative stress in broilers.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Re-search and Development Program of China(2023YFC3603100 and 2023YFC3603105)“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C03076-4).
文摘Background:Diquat,a commonly employed bipyridyl herbicide,is recognized for its hepatotoxic effects attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species.Baicalin(BAI),a flavonoid derivative,has garnered significant research interest for its hepatoprotective properties.Nevertheless,the clinical application of BAI is constrained by its limited water solubility and poor bioavailability.To address these challenges,BAI-nanoliposome(BAI-NL)has emerged as a novel drug delivery platform aimed at enhancing therapeutic outcomes.Methods:We used diquat-induced liver injury mouse model and AML12 hepatocytes to test the pro-tective effect of BAI and BAI-NL on liver inflammation,oxidative stress,and mitochondrial function.The parameters included histological,biochemical,and molecular biological analyses.Results:In the diquat-induced model,both BAI and BAI-NL exhibited effectiveness on attenuating liver inflammation.Ex vivo analyses further indicated that BAI-NL was superior to BAI in preserving mito-chondrial membrane potential,reducing oxidative stress,and modulating the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase(Parkin)signaling pathway.These findings enhanced mitophagy and facilitated the removal of damaged mitochondria.Conclusions:BAI-NL exhibited superior hepatoprotective effects compared to free BAI,possibly by re-ducing inflammation,preserving mitochondrial homeostasis,and reinstating autophagic balance through modulation of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.These outcomes indicate a groundbreaking method for addressing liver diseases and underscore the potential of nanoliposome technology in augmenting the efficacy of natural compounds.
基金supported by Tianjin Municipal Medical Key Construction Project Funding (TJYXZDXK-007A)the Beijing Union Medical Foundation-Rui E Emergency Medicine Research Funding (PUMF01010010-2024-18)。
文摘BACKGROUND:In recent years,with the ban on paraquat,the use of diquat (DQ) as a substitute has significantly increased,leading to a corresponding increase in DQ poisoning cases.This study aimed to identify relevant risk factors affecting patient prognosis and provide a basis for the assessment of patient prognosis.METHODS:Patients with DQ poisoning were included from September 2020 to December2023,and data were extracted from their electronic medical records on the first day of hospitalization.Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and binary multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the collected clinical data to identify risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 117 patients with acute DQ poisoning were included,and were categorized into two groups based on their 28-day outcomes:survival group (n=67) and non-survival group (n=50).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex,lymphocyte count,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,or blood purification rate (P>0.05).The analysis revealed that age (odds ratio[OR]1.094,95%confidence interval[95%CI]1.022–1.171),blood drug concentration (OR 3.659,95%CI1.846–7.252),lactate (OR 1.686,95%CI 1.062–2.678),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)(OR 1.101,95%CI 1.017–1.192),albumin (OR 1.275,95%CI 1.107–1.468),and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(OR 1.027,95%CI 1.005–1.051) were the risk factors for mortality.CONCLUSION:This study identified key risk factors for 28-day mortality in patients with acute DQ poisoning,which may provide valuable guidance for clinical treatment,particularly for emergency physicians.
基金financially supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)the grant from the Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province(13ZC2237)
文摘Oxidative stress can induce abnormal tryptophan metabolism. The present study was mainly conducted to determine the effect of dietary tryptophan levels on oxidative stress in the liver of weaned pigs challenged by diquat. A total of 36 PIC piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 diets containing dietary tryptophan levels of 0.18, 0.30, and 0A5% for 14 d. On day 8, the piglets were injected intraperitoneally with sterile 0.9% NaCI solution or diquat （10 mg/kg body weight）. During the first 7 d of trial, increasing dietary tryptophan levels enhanced average daily gain （P = 0.09） and average daily feed intake （P = 0.08）, and decreased the feed efficiency （P 〈 0.05） of piglets. The growth performance was decreased by diquat injection （P 〈 0.05）. Diquat injection also decreased the activities of the superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GPx） in the plasma and liver （P 〈 0.05）, increased plasma malondialdehyde （MDA） （P 〈 0.05） and urea nitrogen （P 〈 0.05） concentrations, and enhanced MDA concentration （P = 0.09） and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase （TDO） activity （P = 0.07） in liver of piglets. Increasing dietary tryptophan levels could attenuate the effects of diquat injection on the MDA （P = 0.06） concentration and the activities of SOD （P = 0.09） and GPx （P = 0.05） of the liver, and plasma urea nitrogen （P = 0.06） concentration in the piglet. There was a synergistic role for increasing TDO activity in the liver between dietary tryptophan levels and diquat injection （P 〈 0.05）. These results suggest that increasing dietary tryptophan levels could attenuate the oxidative stress of the liver in weaned piglets intraperitoneally injected with diquat via enhancing the antioxidant capacity.
文摘BACKGROUND With the withdrawal of paraquat from the market,diquat is widely used,so the treatment of diquat poisoning has become one of the focuses of emergency poisoning diagnosis and treatment.CASE SUMMARY We studied the case of a 17-year-old male patient who drank 200 mL(20 g/100 mL)of diquat solution two hours before arriving at the hospital.Despite the use of treatments such as gastric lavage,hemoperfusion,continuous hemodialysis,glucocorticoids,and organ support,the patient’s condition rapidly progressed to multiorgan failure,and he died 23.5 h after admission.CONCLUSION We summarized the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of diquat poisoning through this case and performed a literature review to provide a basis and direction for clinical treatment.
基金Supported by High-Level Scientific Research Incubation Fund Project of Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan,No.2024003Major Project of National-Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.GZY-ZJ-KJ-24030.
文摘Following the withdrawal of paraquat,diquat(DQ)has emerged as the predominant herbicide.When people come into contact with or ingest DQ,may lead to poisoning and potentially fatal outcomes.Reports suggest that the mortality of DQ poisoning can be as high as 50%.DQ poisoning can be categorized as mild,moderate to severe or fulminant.In cases of fulminant poisoning,victims often succumb to multiple organ failure within 48 h.This presents a significant challenge in the clinical management.Scholars have discovered that oxidative stress,inflammatory injury,and cell apoptosis play crucial roles in the DQ poisoning.However,the underlying connection of the extensive organ damage remains unknown.The abnormal function and activity of endothelial cells(EC)should play a crucial role in tissue damage caused by DQ due to rich microcirculation and high sensitivity to perfusion in the vulnerable organs.However,reports on DQ-induced EC injury is rare.We made a preliminary discovery-the presence of severe vascular endothelial damage in the kidneys and lungs affected by DQ.Therefore,we hypothesize that DQ poisoning may be attributed to EC damage,ultimately resulting in multiple organ failure.
文摘The C/PbO2 electrode assisted electrochemical removal of diquat dibromide herbicides solutions has been the subject of the present investigation under several operating conditions. The optimum conditions of the treatment process are: current density of 150 mA/cm2, pH 2.2, NaCl concentration 2 g/L, temperature of 10?C and initial diquat concentration of 50 mg/L. The time of electrolysis is 60 min for degradation rate of diquat and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal is 210 min. The results were obtained by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the present designed electrode was coincident.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program of China(2022C02059)Zhejiang Provincial Key Agricultural Research Institute of Green Animal Health Products Project(2021Y30004).
文摘This research explored the protective impact of bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLF) in diquat(DQ) stressed broilers;providing insight of antioxidant, immune response and intestinal barrier function. This experiment consisted of two parts. In the first, 240 chicks were allotted to 2 groups with 8 replicates and15 chicks per replicate. Treatments consisted of a basic feed(control group, CON) and the basic feed plus1000 mg/kg BLF(BLF group, BLF) for 28 d, respectively. Then, following the conclusion of the first part, 16healthy broilers were selected from the CON group and the BLF group. They formed the second part of the experiment, and were allotted to 4 treatments with 8 broilers each: CON-no stress(CON-NS) group,CON-DQ group, BLF-NS group and the BLF-DQ group. Broilers were separately injected intraperitoneally with DQ solution at 40 mg/kg body weight or the same dose of phosphate buffer saline. The results revealed adding BLF to diet reduced the ratio of feed to weight gain of broilers compared to the basic feed group(P = 0.021). In comparison to the CON-NS group, BLF improved the levels of serum and jejunal mucosa total antioxidant capacity, immunoglobulin M, serum catalase, immunoglobulin A, interleukin10, jejunal mucosa interleukin 4, cecal butyric acid, valeric acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, upregulated zonula occludens-1(ZO-1), occludin(OCLN) and claudin-1(CLDN1) expressions, and reduced the levels of jejunal mucosa malondialdehyde(MDA), interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and serum diamine oxidase(P < 0.05). Diquat stress elevated the contents of serum MDA, D-lactate, jejunal mucosa tumor necrosis factor a, reactive oxygen species and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae relative abundance, downregulated ZO-1, OCLN and CLDN1 expressions, and reduced Sobs, Chao and Ace indices(P < 0.05).Compared with CON-NS group, the concentration of isovaleric acid in the BLF-DQ group was higher(P < 0.05). In conclusion, by establishing a DQ stress injury model, it was elucidated that BLF may enhance antioxidant capacity, strengthen immunity, regulate volatile fatty acid contents, improve intestinal morphology, microbiota and other intestinal barrier functions, so as to mitigate the injury induced by oxidative stress in broilers.
