According to the"China Baby Diaper Industry Market Supply-Demand Survey and Investment Potential Research Report(2025-2030)"released by CIRN,China's baby diaper market is projected to reach RMB 41.2 bill...According to the"China Baby Diaper Industry Market Supply-Demand Survey and Investment Potential Research Report(2025-2030)"released by CIRN,China's baby diaper market is projected to reach RMB 41.2 billion in 2025,reflecting a 3.2% year-on-year contraction.However,the average unit price will exceed RMB 3.2 (a 42%increase from 2020),with penetration rates stabilizing at 9 8%in tier-1 cites and countylevel markets growing at 8% annually.展开更多
Background: Urinary Incontinence is a common symptom among the older and frail older people. Apart from affecting the quality of life and skin complications, the demand on assistance could be too high for any sufferer...Background: Urinary Incontinence is a common symptom among the older and frail older people. Apart from affecting the quality of life and skin complications, the demand on assistance could be too high for any sufferer. While conservative means of treatment do not work, special incontinence apparel could be a good compromise. Objective: To create an absorbent, antiseptic, antiperspirant and deodourant diaper for the older and dependent people suffering from urinary incontinence. Material and Methods: Antiperspirant and antiseptic medicinal materials have been reported in Traditional Chinese Medicine and two herbs were screened out to provide the required effects. A combination of Fraxini Cortex, Calamine and Zinc oxide made in powder forms was impregnated into a pocket of the diaper. Laboratory tests were performed to confirm the antiseptic, antiperspirant and deodourant effects of the materials. A self-control clinical trial on the diaper was organized in an elderly home. Results: Antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus, E. coli and Candida were proven. Antiperspirant effects were confirmed using acetylcholinesterase inhibitor testings. Volunteers using the Sudoscan machine further demonstrated the weak antiperspirant effects of the herbs. A pilot study on 31 dependent diaper users gave positive feedbacks of more comfort, less leakage, odour and better skin conditions. The overall satisfaction reached 79%. Conclusion: A special diaper with antiseptic, antiperspirant and deodourant effects could be created with inexpensive herbal powder impregnated and could be recommended to the older and frail older people with urinary incontinence.展开更多
Soil Transmitted Helminthes(STH)is always a problem in developing and under developed countries.Children are mostly prone to STH in tropical and non-tropical countries including Pakistan.We have observed ova of Ascari...Soil Transmitted Helminthes(STH)is always a problem in developing and under developed countries.Children are mostly prone to STH in tropical and non-tropical countries including Pakistan.We have observed ova of Ascaris and some non-descriptive objects in the parasitological examination of the fecal material of infant collected from diaper.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Dexpanthenol containing formula (BEPANTHEN<sup>®</sup>), formulated as a water in oil preparation, is currently widely marketed as a diaper care product aiming...<strong>Background:</strong> Dexpanthenol containing formula (BEPANTHEN<sup>®</sup>), formulated as a water in oil preparation, is currently widely marketed as a diaper care product aiming to protect baby’s buttocks and repair diaper dermatitis. Dexpanthenol is a well-known moisturizer with barrier-improving properties and the oily phase of the water in oil preparation forms a lipophilic film on the skin surface that isolates the skin from irritants (feces and urine). Prolonged contact with irritants triggers a local inflammation cascade responsible for the cutaneous erythema. To further investigate the protective properties of skin barrier preparations, we took advantage of an <i>ex vivo</i> model of healthy human skin discs especially designed to evaluate protective and/or repairing effects of topical preparations recommended for baby’s buttocks through the measurement of interleukin-1 alpha release (a cytokine considered as the <em>Primum movens</em> of the skin inflammatory reaction), following the application of different irritants. <strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy human skin discs have been incubated in the absence (control) or in the presence of two irritants,<em> i.e.</em> a “urine like + urease” preparation and sodium dodecyl sulfate, and in the presence of three ointments, one containing dexpanthenol, but not the other two. At the end of the incubation period, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1<em>α</em>) was quantified in the explants culture media.<strong> Results: </strong>“Urine like + urease” preparation (ULU) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) both increased IL-1<em>α</em> production of skin explants by 181.1% (p < 0.001) and 88.3% (p < 0.001), respectively. The dexpanthenol containing formula significantly inhibited the ULU- and the SDS-induced IL-1<em>α</em> release by 67.42% (p < 0.001) and 46.55% (p < 0.001), respectively. Under the same experimental conditions, one of the formulas without dexpanthenol significantly inhibited the ULU-induced IL-1<em>α</em> release by 45.94% (p < 0.01) but not the SDS-induced one, and the other tested formulation displayed no significant effect on the IL-1<em>α</em> production regardless of the irritant applied. Moreover, the effect of the dexpanthenol containing formula on the ULU-induced IL-1<em>α</em> release was significantly higher than the effect of the other formula;a difference of 19.6 % (p < 0.05) was observed.<strong> Conclusion: </strong>Dexpanthenol containing formula (BEPANTHEN<sup>®</sup>) provides good protection of baby’s buttocks against irritants. Its protective effect seems to be superior compared with other products, which did not contain this ingredient. Moreover, the results obtained in the present study suggest that dexpanthenol displays <i>per se</i> a real IL-1<em>α</em> production inhibitory effect. This work, however, consists of preliminary studies and additional investigations involving more formulas and end-points such as the quantification of other pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and/or resolvins for example, are needed to better understand the cutaneous protective effect of dexpanthenol.展开更多
Diaper dermatit is among the widely seen inflamatory skin diseases in neonatals and small 0 - 18 month old children. Control of causative agents as well as providing good genital care may prevent or reduce the risk of...Diaper dermatit is among the widely seen inflamatory skin diseases in neonatals and small 0 - 18 month old children. Control of causative agents as well as providing good genital care may prevent or reduce the risk of the disease. The aim of this study is find out the effect of protective genital care on reducing the diaper dermatit development in 0 - 18 months old inpatient 0 - 18 month old children who are using antibiotic. The study was conducted as prospective half-experimetal using control-experimental groups. Our samples comprise of 0 - 18 month old children admitted at Dokuz Eylul University Practical and Research Hospital, pediatric clinic between January and May 2009, 41 0 - 18 month old children as a control group were not under protective genital care, and 42 0 - 18 month old children as an experimental group were under the protecion and using vaseline. The mothers of the experimental group 0 - 18 month old children were given education. All 0 - 18 month old children were followed-up 3 - 7 days and the collected data were evaluated in computer using Pearson’s chisquare, Fisher’s exact chi-square and Yatest-corrected chi-square tests. The diaper dermatit develop- ment ratio was 34.1% in the control group and 7.1% in the experimental group展开更多
Traditional cloth diapers are fully reliant on the water retention capacity of the absorbent cores to deter leaks,often overlooking the role of the top sheet,which can lead to reverse osmosis of absorbed urine.Janus m...Traditional cloth diapers are fully reliant on the water retention capacity of the absorbent cores to deter leaks,often overlooking the role of the top sheet,which can lead to reverse osmosis of absorbed urine.Janus membranes,known for their liquid diode effect,present an ideal material for the top sheet of cloth diapers.However,the widespread application of Janus membranes in cloth diapers faces challenges such as failure to meet anti-backflow requirements,limited biocompatibility,and insufficient antimicrobial properties.Here,a multifunctional Janus fabric for the top sheet of cloth diapers is developed through the synergistic combination of gradient wettability and nanoparticle functionality.The modulable gradient wettability provides unidirectional liquid transport with a high rectification ratio,which is essential for preventing liquid backflow.Consequently,prototype cloth diapers incorporating Janus fabrics as the top sheet outperform commercial products in wetback resistance.Functionalized silver nanoparticles not only provide the necessary micro-nano hierarchical structure for gradient wettability but also endow Janus fabrics with excellent chemical antibacterial properties.The integration of dryness derived from the excellent unidirectional transport performance and antibacterial properties effectively prevents bacterial growth on cloth diapers.Additionally,the Janus fabrics exhibit excellent washability and biocompatibility,further enhancing their potential applications in reusable cloth diapers.展开更多
This research introduces an innovative approach to address the management of waste baby diapers(BDs)and face masks(FMs)in order to mitigate environmental risks associated with the indiscriminate disposal of BD and FM ...This research introduces an innovative approach to address the management of waste baby diapers(BDs)and face masks(FMs)in order to mitigate environmental risks associated with the indiscriminate disposal of BD and FM waste.The study focuses on using BDs and FMs in road pavement hot mix asphalt(HMA)to enhance bitumen and aggregate per-formance,respectively.The approach involves the direct incorporation of 4%shredded BD during the bitumen melting process,while varying percentages of shredded FM(0%,0.5%,1%,and 1.5%relative to aggregate weight)are utilized as aggregate coating through a melt-ing process.The inclusion of BD enhances the resistance of modified bitumen(MB)to per-manent deformations under high temperatures compared to conventional bitumen.Simultaneously,the treatment of FM significantly improves the physical and mechanical attributes of the aggregates.The combination of 4%BD and 1.5%FM results in improved densification,fostering robust bonding between aggregates and asphalt paste.This enhancement leads to a 39%increase in stability,an 18%increase in indirect tensile strength(ITS),and a 27%reduction in permanent deformations.Notably,there is a remark-able 53%increase in resistance to rut depth and a 33%increase in resilient modulus.Ultimately,the implementation of 4%BD as a bitumen enhancer and 1.5%FM as an aggre-gate modifier demonstrates the potential to achieve waste reductions of 36%and 61%,respectively.This approach extends beyond pavement enhancement,contributing to the broader societal mitigation of adverse effects associated with BD and FM waste.展开更多
Change is the most fundamental property of a biomarker. In contrast to the blood, which is under homeostatic controls, urine reflects changes in the body earlier and is more sensitive, thus making it a better biomarke...Change is the most fundamental property of a biomarker. In contrast to the blood, which is under homeostatic controls, urine reflects changes in the body earlier and is more sensitive, thus making it a better biomarker source. Moreover, drawing blood from infants and toddlers is difficult and not tolerated well. For patients limited by language, communicating their chief complaint is difficult. Thus, monitoring biomarkers in urine can provide valuable clues for the diagnosis of diseases, especially pediatric diseases. Collecting urine from young children and some adult patients is more challenging than collecting it from healthy adults.Here, we propose a method that uses a fluff pulp diaper to collect urine. Urinary proteins are then eluted and adsorbed onto a piece of nitrocellulose membrane, which can be dried and stored in a vacuum bag. SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that this method is reproducible, and similar proteins were identified as those obtained by an acetone precipitation method. With this simple and economical method, it is possible to collect and preserve urine samples from infants, toddlers, and patients with special needs, even for large-scale biomarker studies.展开更多
目的了解婴儿纸尿裤的卫生情况及其潜在风险。方法按照《一次性使用卫生用品》(GB 15979—2002)规定的方法对市售常见的10款婴儿纸尿裤进行微生物项目检测,并对检测过程中分离出的菌株进行16S r DNA鉴定,分析潜在风险。结果10款婴儿纸...目的了解婴儿纸尿裤的卫生情况及其潜在风险。方法按照《一次性使用卫生用品》(GB 15979—2002)规定的方法对市售常见的10款婴儿纸尿裤进行微生物项目检测,并对检测过程中分离出的菌株进行16S r DNA鉴定,分析潜在风险。结果10款婴儿纸尿裤产品的微生物项目指标均符合国家标准规定的限量值。其中2款在检测过程中的增菌肉汤中分离纯化出6株细菌。通过16S r DNA对这6株细菌进行鉴定,结果显示为表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)、婴儿芽孢杆菌(Bacillus infantis)、鲁氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter lwoffii)、华氏葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus warneri)和巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)。结论分离出的细菌虽然不是直接致病菌,但是在特定条件下,尤其是对婴幼儿存在潜在一定的健康威胁。展开更多
文摘According to the"China Baby Diaper Industry Market Supply-Demand Survey and Investment Potential Research Report(2025-2030)"released by CIRN,China's baby diaper market is projected to reach RMB 41.2 billion in 2025,reflecting a 3.2% year-on-year contraction.However,the average unit price will exceed RMB 3.2 (a 42%increase from 2020),with penetration rates stabilizing at 9 8%in tier-1 cites and countylevel markets growing at 8% annually.
文摘Background: Urinary Incontinence is a common symptom among the older and frail older people. Apart from affecting the quality of life and skin complications, the demand on assistance could be too high for any sufferer. While conservative means of treatment do not work, special incontinence apparel could be a good compromise. Objective: To create an absorbent, antiseptic, antiperspirant and deodourant diaper for the older and dependent people suffering from urinary incontinence. Material and Methods: Antiperspirant and antiseptic medicinal materials have been reported in Traditional Chinese Medicine and two herbs were screened out to provide the required effects. A combination of Fraxini Cortex, Calamine and Zinc oxide made in powder forms was impregnated into a pocket of the diaper. Laboratory tests were performed to confirm the antiseptic, antiperspirant and deodourant effects of the materials. A self-control clinical trial on the diaper was organized in an elderly home. Results: Antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus, E. coli and Candida were proven. Antiperspirant effects were confirmed using acetylcholinesterase inhibitor testings. Volunteers using the Sudoscan machine further demonstrated the weak antiperspirant effects of the herbs. A pilot study on 31 dependent diaper users gave positive feedbacks of more comfort, less leakage, odour and better skin conditions. The overall satisfaction reached 79%. Conclusion: A special diaper with antiseptic, antiperspirant and deodourant effects could be created with inexpensive herbal powder impregnated and could be recommended to the older and frail older people with urinary incontinence.
文摘Soil Transmitted Helminthes(STH)is always a problem in developing and under developed countries.Children are mostly prone to STH in tropical and non-tropical countries including Pakistan.We have observed ova of Ascaris and some non-descriptive objects in the parasitological examination of the fecal material of infant collected from diaper.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Dexpanthenol containing formula (BEPANTHEN<sup>®</sup>), formulated as a water in oil preparation, is currently widely marketed as a diaper care product aiming to protect baby’s buttocks and repair diaper dermatitis. Dexpanthenol is a well-known moisturizer with barrier-improving properties and the oily phase of the water in oil preparation forms a lipophilic film on the skin surface that isolates the skin from irritants (feces and urine). Prolonged contact with irritants triggers a local inflammation cascade responsible for the cutaneous erythema. To further investigate the protective properties of skin barrier preparations, we took advantage of an <i>ex vivo</i> model of healthy human skin discs especially designed to evaluate protective and/or repairing effects of topical preparations recommended for baby’s buttocks through the measurement of interleukin-1 alpha release (a cytokine considered as the <em>Primum movens</em> of the skin inflammatory reaction), following the application of different irritants. <strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy human skin discs have been incubated in the absence (control) or in the presence of two irritants,<em> i.e.</em> a “urine like + urease” preparation and sodium dodecyl sulfate, and in the presence of three ointments, one containing dexpanthenol, but not the other two. At the end of the incubation period, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1<em>α</em>) was quantified in the explants culture media.<strong> Results: </strong>“Urine like + urease” preparation (ULU) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) both increased IL-1<em>α</em> production of skin explants by 181.1% (p < 0.001) and 88.3% (p < 0.001), respectively. The dexpanthenol containing formula significantly inhibited the ULU- and the SDS-induced IL-1<em>α</em> release by 67.42% (p < 0.001) and 46.55% (p < 0.001), respectively. Under the same experimental conditions, one of the formulas without dexpanthenol significantly inhibited the ULU-induced IL-1<em>α</em> release by 45.94% (p < 0.01) but not the SDS-induced one, and the other tested formulation displayed no significant effect on the IL-1<em>α</em> production regardless of the irritant applied. Moreover, the effect of the dexpanthenol containing formula on the ULU-induced IL-1<em>α</em> release was significantly higher than the effect of the other formula;a difference of 19.6 % (p < 0.05) was observed.<strong> Conclusion: </strong>Dexpanthenol containing formula (BEPANTHEN<sup>®</sup>) provides good protection of baby’s buttocks against irritants. Its protective effect seems to be superior compared with other products, which did not contain this ingredient. Moreover, the results obtained in the present study suggest that dexpanthenol displays <i>per se</i> a real IL-1<em>α</em> production inhibitory effect. This work, however, consists of preliminary studies and additional investigations involving more formulas and end-points such as the quantification of other pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and/or resolvins for example, are needed to better understand the cutaneous protective effect of dexpanthenol.
文摘Diaper dermatit is among the widely seen inflamatory skin diseases in neonatals and small 0 - 18 month old children. Control of causative agents as well as providing good genital care may prevent or reduce the risk of the disease. The aim of this study is find out the effect of protective genital care on reducing the diaper dermatit development in 0 - 18 months old inpatient 0 - 18 month old children who are using antibiotic. The study was conducted as prospective half-experimetal using control-experimental groups. Our samples comprise of 0 - 18 month old children admitted at Dokuz Eylul University Practical and Research Hospital, pediatric clinic between January and May 2009, 41 0 - 18 month old children as a control group were not under protective genital care, and 42 0 - 18 month old children as an experimental group were under the protecion and using vaseline. The mothers of the experimental group 0 - 18 month old children were given education. All 0 - 18 month old children were followed-up 3 - 7 days and the collected data were evaluated in computer using Pearson’s chisquare, Fisher’s exact chi-square and Yatest-corrected chi-square tests. The diaper dermatit develop- ment ratio was 34.1% in the control group and 7.1% in the experimental group
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52303143,22175011,52472293)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021TQ0023,2022TQ0022,2022M720012)+5 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFB1309702)Beijing Young Talent Support ProgramTianmushan Laboratory Research Project(TK2023C018)Beijing Nova Program(20220484213)Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing of China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(IADL20230401)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Traditional cloth diapers are fully reliant on the water retention capacity of the absorbent cores to deter leaks,often overlooking the role of the top sheet,which can lead to reverse osmosis of absorbed urine.Janus membranes,known for their liquid diode effect,present an ideal material for the top sheet of cloth diapers.However,the widespread application of Janus membranes in cloth diapers faces challenges such as failure to meet anti-backflow requirements,limited biocompatibility,and insufficient antimicrobial properties.Here,a multifunctional Janus fabric for the top sheet of cloth diapers is developed through the synergistic combination of gradient wettability and nanoparticle functionality.The modulable gradient wettability provides unidirectional liquid transport with a high rectification ratio,which is essential for preventing liquid backflow.Consequently,prototype cloth diapers incorporating Janus fabrics as the top sheet outperform commercial products in wetback resistance.Functionalized silver nanoparticles not only provide the necessary micro-nano hierarchical structure for gradient wettability but also endow Janus fabrics with excellent chemical antibacterial properties.The integration of dryness derived from the excellent unidirectional transport performance and antibacterial properties effectively prevents bacterial growth on cloth diapers.Additionally,the Janus fabrics exhibit excellent washability and biocompatibility,further enhancing their potential applications in reusable cloth diapers.
基金supported by National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST),Sector H-12,Islam-abad 44000,Pakistan.
文摘This research introduces an innovative approach to address the management of waste baby diapers(BDs)and face masks(FMs)in order to mitigate environmental risks associated with the indiscriminate disposal of BD and FM waste.The study focuses on using BDs and FMs in road pavement hot mix asphalt(HMA)to enhance bitumen and aggregate per-formance,respectively.The approach involves the direct incorporation of 4%shredded BD during the bitumen melting process,while varying percentages of shredded FM(0%,0.5%,1%,and 1.5%relative to aggregate weight)are utilized as aggregate coating through a melt-ing process.The inclusion of BD enhances the resistance of modified bitumen(MB)to per-manent deformations under high temperatures compared to conventional bitumen.Simultaneously,the treatment of FM significantly improves the physical and mechanical attributes of the aggregates.The combination of 4%BD and 1.5%FM results in improved densification,fostering robust bonding between aggregates and asphalt paste.This enhancement leads to a 39%increase in stability,an 18%increase in indirect tensile strength(ITS),and a 27%reduction in permanent deformations.Notably,there is a remark-able 53%increase in resistance to rut depth and a 33%increase in resilient modulus.Ultimately,the implementation of 4%BD as a bitumen enhancer and 1.5%FM as an aggre-gate modifier demonstrates the potential to achieve waste reductions of 36%and 61%,respectively.This approach extends beyond pavement enhancement,contributing to the broader societal mitigation of adverse effects associated with BD and FM waste.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1306300)the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB530850)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(11100704,10300-310421102)
文摘Change is the most fundamental property of a biomarker. In contrast to the blood, which is under homeostatic controls, urine reflects changes in the body earlier and is more sensitive, thus making it a better biomarker source. Moreover, drawing blood from infants and toddlers is difficult and not tolerated well. For patients limited by language, communicating their chief complaint is difficult. Thus, monitoring biomarkers in urine can provide valuable clues for the diagnosis of diseases, especially pediatric diseases. Collecting urine from young children and some adult patients is more challenging than collecting it from healthy adults.Here, we propose a method that uses a fluff pulp diaper to collect urine. Urinary proteins are then eluted and adsorbed onto a piece of nitrocellulose membrane, which can be dried and stored in a vacuum bag. SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that this method is reproducible, and similar proteins were identified as those obtained by an acetone precipitation method. With this simple and economical method, it is possible to collect and preserve urine samples from infants, toddlers, and patients with special needs, even for large-scale biomarker studies.
