Desertification is a global crucial ecological and environmental issue,and China is among the countries most seriously affected by desertification.In recent decades,numerous independent studies on desertification dyna...Desertification is a global crucial ecological and environmental issue,and China is among the countries most seriously affected by desertification.In recent decades,numerous independent studies on desertification dynamics have been carried out using remote sensing technology,but there has been a lack of systematic research on desertification trends in China.This study employed the meta-analysis to integrate the findings of 140 published research cases and examined the dynamics of desertification in the eight major deserts,four major sandy lands,and their surrounding areas in China from 1970 to 2019,with a comparative analysis of differences between the eastern(including the Mu Us Sandy Land,the Otindag Sandy Land,the Hulunbuir Sandy Land,the Horqin Sandy Land,and the Hobq Desert)and western(including the Taklimakan Desert,the Gurbantunggut Desert,the Kumtagh Desert,the Ulan Buh Desert,the Qaidam Basin Desert,the Badain Jaran Desert,and the Tengger Desert)regions.The results revealed that from 1970 to 2019,desertification first expanded and then reversed in the whole region.Specifically,desertification expanded from 1980 to 1999 and reversed after 2000.The desertification trend exhibited distinct spatio-temporal variations between the eastern and western regions.From 1970 to 2019,the western region experienced relatively minor changes in desertified land area compared to the eastern region.In the context of global climate change,beneficial climatic conditions and ecological construction projects played a crucial role in reversing desertification.These findings provide valuable insights for understanding the development patterns of desertification in the most representative deserts and sandy lands in China and formulating effective desertification control strategies.展开更多
Due to irrational human activities and extreme climate,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China,faces a serious threat of desertification.Desertification has a detrimental effect on the ecological environment and socioeconomi...Due to irrational human activities and extreme climate,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China,faces a serious threat of desertification.Desertification has a detrimental effect on the ecological environment and socioeconomic development.In this study,the desertification sensitivity index(DSI)model was established by integrating the spatial distance model and environmentally sensitive area index evaluation method,and then the model was used to quantitatively analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of desertification sensitivity of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from 1990 to 2020.The results revealed that:(1)a general increasing tendency from southeast to northwest was identified in the spatial distribution of desertification sensitivity.The low-sensitivity areas were mostly concentrated in the Hengduan and Nyaingqêntanglha mountains and surrounding forest and meadow areas.The high-sensitivity areas were located mainly in the Kunlun and Altun mountains and surrounding decertified areas.The center of gravity of all types of desertification-sensitive areas moved to the northwest,and the desertification sensitivity showed a decreasing trend as a whole;(2)the area of highly sensitive desertification areas decreased by 8.37%,with extreme sensitivity being the largest change among the sensitivity types.The desertification sensitivity transfer was characterized by a greater shift to lower sensitivity levels(24.56%)than to higher levels(2.03%),which demonstrated a declining trend;(3)since 1990,the change in desertification sensitivity has been dominated by the stabilizing type Ⅰ(29.30%),with the area of continuously increasing desertification sensitivity accounting for only 1.10%,indicating that the management of desertification has achieved positive results in recent years;and(4)natural factors have had a more significant impact on desertification sensitivity on the Xizang Plateau,whereas socioeconomic factors affected only localized areas.The main factors influencing desertification sensitivity were vegetation drought tolerance and aridity index.Studying spatiotemporal variations in desertification sensitivity and its influencing factors can provide a scientific foundation for developing strategies to control desertification on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Dividing different desertification-sensitive areas on the basis of these patterns of change can facilitate the formulation of more targeted management and protection measures,contributing to ecological construction and sustainable economic development in the area.展开更多
Land desertification severely compromises the core function of ecosystem and significantly disrupts biodiversity.Caragana korshinskii Kom.plays a pivotal role as a critical plant resource in the restoration and ecolog...Land desertification severely compromises the core function of ecosystem and significantly disrupts biodiversity.Caragana korshinskii Kom.plays a pivotal role as a critical plant resource in the restoration and ecological reconstruction of desertified areas in Northwest China.Kytorhinus immixtus Motschulsky is the primary pest responsible for causing substantial damage to the seeds of C.korshinskii.In this study,field surveys were utilized in three distinct desertified types(lightly,moderately,and severely desertified areas)in north central Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Northwest China.This research was focused on investigating the population dynamics and damage rates of K.immixtus,with an emphasis on examining the relationships among K.immixtus distribution,levels of soil desertification,and associated environmental factors.The results revealed marked variations in the population distribution and abundance of K.immixtus across habitats with different degrees of desertification.Due to the sand-fixing ability of C.korshinskii,the severity of soil desertification decreased progressively from severe to moderate and light with C.korshinskii establishment.This reduction in desertification,along with habitat restoration and an increase in plant diversity,was correlated with a gradual increase in K.immixtus population size and damage rate.Generalized linear mixed model analysis revealed significantly positive correlations of soil total potassium,C.korshinskii height,maximum temperature during the survey,precipitation,and the plant species richness index with K.immixtus population.In contrast,the soil total phosphorus content,organic matter content,minimum temperature during the survey,C.korshinskii canopy width,and branch number were significantly and negatively correlated with K.immixtus population.Due to the sand-fixing capacity of C.korshinskii,the plant mitigated soil desertification,but as desertification severity decreased,habitat restoration and increased plant diversity drove a gradual increase in the population and damage rate of K.immixtus.Both biotic and abiotic factors in the habitat significantly influenced K.immixtus occurrence.To achieve the sustainable restoration of desert ecosystem,optimization of plant community structure with soil nutrient management in ecological rehabilitation is necessary to balance the benefits of sand fixation with pest risks.展开更多
Desertification poses a significant ecological threat to global sustainability,notably within arid regions such as the Tarim Basin surrounding the extensive Taklimakan Desert in Northwest China.This study used the Goo...Desertification poses a significant ecological threat to global sustainability,notably within arid regions such as the Tarim Basin surrounding the extensive Taklimakan Desert in Northwest China.This study used the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform and Random Forest(RF)to analyze multi-temporal Landsat images to reveal desertification dynamics in the Tarim Basin spanning from 1990 to 2020.The results showed that land use types of the Tarim Basin were classified into three types:artificial oases,natural oases,and desertified land.To robustly quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use,we introduced the Desertification Change Index(DCI),a novel metric specifically designed to measure the transformation sensitivity of land use types.Our analysis demonstrated that from 1990 to 2020,artificial oases showed a continuous increasing trend,while desertified land decreased significantly.Natural oases decreased during 1990–2000,then continued to grow,and showed a decreasing trend again after 2015.Moreover,natural oases have mainly been converted into desertified land and artificial oases.Artificial oases were mainly converted into natural oases,and most of desertified land was converted into natural oases.Regions with significant oasis expansion(DCI=2)were mostly concentrated within the influence radius of artificial oases.In contrast,regions with significant oasis degradation(DCI=–2)were generally farther from artificial oases.Finally,this study found that the changes in land use types of the Tarim Basin are mainly driven by human activities,which play a dual role—mitigating desertification by controlling oasis expansion and exacerbating desertification through unsustainable resource utilization.Ultimately,this research provides essential insights for policy-makers and land managers aiming to devise adaptive and sustainable desertification control measures in the Tarim Basin and similarly arid regions globally.展开更多
Tibetan alpine steppes are large and sensitive terrestrial carbon(C)reservoirs that are experiencing desertification due to global change and overgrazing,which can lead to stronger resource limitations for both above-...Tibetan alpine steppes are large and sensitive terrestrial carbon(C)reservoirs that are experiencing desertification due to global change and overgrazing,which can lead to stronger resource limitations for both above-and belowground communities.Soil nutrients,especially nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),are the crucial resources for plant growth and microbial metabolism.However,whether both plant and soil microbial communities in the degraded alpine steppes are limited by these soil nutrients remains unclear,which limits our understanding of the mechanisms of desertification and subsequent ecosystem restoration.Here,we evaluated potential nutrient limitations of the plant and soil microbial communities in the alpine steppe across five stages of desertification using stoichiometry-based approaches.Our results showed that soil microbial metabolism was mainly limited by C and P,and the plant N limitation and microbial C limitation were intensified while the microbial P limitation was relieved during desertification.Plant-soil-microbe interactions had significant impacts on the microbial C and P limitations,explaining 72 and 61%of the variation,respectively.Specifically,desertification ultimately affected microbial metabolic limitations by regulating soil pH,soil nutrients,and the plant N limitation.Moreover,the microbial C limitation further reduced microbial C use efficiency(CUE)with desertification,which is detrimental for organic C retention in the degraded soil.Overall,this study revealed that microbial metabolic limitations through plant-microbe interactions were the key drivers affecting soil microbial CUE,and it provided insights that can advance our knowledge of the microbial regulation of nutrient cycles and C sequestration.展开更多
Desertification poses severe threats to socio-ecological resilience in arid regions,yet systematic quantification of desertification control efficiency remains limited.This study addressed this gap by developing an in...Desertification poses severe threats to socio-ecological resilience in arid regions,yet systematic quantification of desertification control efficiency remains limited.This study addressed this gap by developing an integrated Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)Malmquist index to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of desertification control efficiency in Hotan Prefecture(a hyper-arid region)of China from 2005 to 2023.To achieve this goal,we analyzed 5 indices spanning the total factor productivity,technical change,efficiency change,pure efficiency change,and scale efficiency change across 7 counties and 1 city in Hotan Prefecture.Results revealed that the growth rate of the total factor productivity is 12.0%,which is driven primarily by technical change and management optimization.However,significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity emerged.Temporally,rapid early gains during 2005–2010,with the total factor productivity value of 1.372,were dominated by technological progress,where technical change reached 1.291,while scale efficiency change helped sustain progress between 2010 and 2015.A recent decline in the total factor productivity to 0.987 during 2015–2023 underscored the risks associated with technological stagnation.Spatially,Qira County achieved the highest growth rate of the total factor productivity at 33.7%through dual advances in technology and management,which stands in sharp contrast to Moyu County's stagnation,where the total factor productivity reached only 1.029,reflecting the minimal growth rate of 2.9%.Furthermore,scale expansion change proved beneficial in Pishan County but counterproductive in Qira County.Based on these findings,this study proposes targeted policy recommendations to enhance desertification control efficiency in hyper-arid regions like Hotan Prefecture.It emphasizes the importance of continuous technological innovation,particularly water-saving and adaptive techniques to counteract declining productivity.Differentiated spatial strategies are essential,with tailored interventions for high-risk northern areas and scaling successful models from higher-efficiency southern zones.Optimizing project scale based on ecological carrying capacity rather than uncontrolled expansion is urged,along with strengthening cross-regional water resource coordination.Finally,establishing a data-driven monitoring and decision-support system could enable dynamic efficiency evaluations and evidence-based policy planning.This study provides a critical methodological framework for systematically quantifying desertification control efficiency in hyper-arid regions,establishing an empirical foundation for targeted ecological governance.展开更多
As a major worldwide issue,desertification poses significant threats to ecosystem stability and long-term socioeconomic growth.Within China,the Mu Us Sandy land represents a crucial region for studying desertification...As a major worldwide issue,desertification poses significant threats to ecosystem stability and long-term socioeconomic growth.Within China,the Mu Us Sandy land represents a crucial region for studying desertification phenomena.Comprehending how desertification risks are distributed spatially and what mechanisms drive them remains fundamental for implementing effective strategies in land management and risk mitigation.Our research evaluated desertification vulnerability across the Mu Us Sandy land by applying the MEDALUS model,while investigating causal factors via geographical detector methodology.Findings indicated that territories with high desertification vulnerability extend across 71,401.7 km^(2),constituting 76.87%of the entire region,while zones facing extreme desertification hazard cover 20,578.9 km^(2)(22.16%),primarily concentrated in a band-like pattern along the western boundary of the Mu Us Sandy land.Among the four primary indicators,management quality emerged as the most significant driver of desertification susceptibility,followed by vegetation quality and soil quality.Additionally,drought resistance,land use intensity,and erosion protection were identified as the key factors driving desertification sensitivity.The investigation offers significant theoretical perspectives that can guide the formulation of enhanced strategies for controlling desertification and promoting sustainable land resource utilization within the Mu Us Sandy land region.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to study change law of phosphorus content of soil in karst rocky desertification region(KRD) during eco-restoration process such as Northwest Guangxi Province.[Method] The soil samples w...[Objective] The research aimed to study change law of phosphorus content of soil in karst rocky desertification region(KRD) during eco-restoration process such as Northwest Guangxi Province.[Method] The soil samples were collected from typical KRD in Pingguo County and Yizhou City.The determining quotas of different soil samples such as soil total phosphorus content and available phosphorus content were detected,in addition the soil total phosphorus content,available phosphorus content, urease activity, catalase activity and organic matter content in different soil samples were analyzed comparatively.[Result] Aspect,vegetation type and recovery time generated obviously influences on phosphorus contents in different soil samples.The concrete influence order was listed as follow: phosphorus content in soil of south slope was higher than that in soil of north slope;phosphorus content in soil where Zenia insignis Chun was planted was higher than that in soil of closed forest and that of soil where Dendrocalamus minor Var. amoen was planted,additionally,phosphorus increased with recovery time. Urease activity could be used as a monitoring index of soil fertility because it is related to the change of phosphorus content.[Conclusion] The soil of karst rocky desertification region in Northwest Guangxi Province could be recovered gradually if excessive human disturbance was stopped.If proper natural method of recovery promoted by human was taken,the recovery would reach a better result.展开更多
[Objective] To extract desertification information of Hulun Buir region based on MODIS image data. [Method] Based on MODIS image data with the spatial res- olution of 1 km, 5 indicators which could reflect different d...[Objective] To extract desertification information of Hulun Buir region based on MODIS image data. [Method] Based on MODIS image data with the spatial res- olution of 1 km, 5 indicators which could reflect different desertification features were selected to conduct inversion. The desertification information of Hulun Buir region was extracted by decision tree classification. [Result] The desertification area of Hu- lun Buir region is 33 862 km2, accounting for 24% of the total area, and it is mainly dominated by sandiness desertification. Though field verification and mining point validation of high-resolution interpretation data, the overall accuracy of this evaluation is above 89%. [Conclusion] Evaluation method used in this study is not only effectively for large scale regional desertification monitoring but also has a better evaluation performance.展开更多
With the background of severe rocky desertification in the west of China and the ohjective of ecological environment construction and poverty elimination, the management information system of rocky desertification was...With the background of severe rocky desertification in the west of China and the ohjective of ecological environment construction and poverty elimination, the management information system of rocky desertification was designed according to the natural and humane characteristics in Nanchuan of Sichuan Province. The system was composed of data management module, information query module for rocky desertification, spatial analysis module and dynamic monitoring module.展开更多
In the Haishi Park Demonstration Base of Zhongliang Mountain in Chongqing, ecological restoration modes were established based on growth status of local plants and other natural environmental conditions, including for...In the Haishi Park Demonstration Base of Zhongliang Mountain in Chongqing, ecological restoration modes were established based on growth status of local plants and other natural environmental conditions, including forestry ecology, tourism ecology, agricultural ecology as well as the combined mode of various ecological types.展开更多
Based on the definition of desertification adopted by United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,particularly in Africa, first,the pat...Based on the definition of desertification adopted by United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,particularly in Africa, first,the patterns of desertification in China are introduced.Second,desertification assessment indicator system that used in China is presented.It includes:(1)climate classification;(2)classification of land use;(3)classification of desertification patterns which include wind erosion,water erosion,salinization,and grassland degradation;(4)grading index of desertification that includes grading index of desertification caused by wind erosion,desertification caused by water erosion,desertification caused by salinization,indicators of grassland degradation classification.At last,some detailed factors that can be used as indicators in desertification assessment are discussed.展开更多
Mycorrhizal mulberry is a plant, whose mulberry root and Arbuscular Myc-orrhizal fungi came into being a symbiotic relationship by a mean of natural or artifi-cial inoculation. Mycorrhizal mulberry coupling with main ...Mycorrhizal mulberry is a plant, whose mulberry root and Arbuscular Myc-orrhizal fungi came into being a symbiotic relationship by a mean of natural or artifi-cial inoculation. Mycorrhizal mulberry coupling with main ecological barriers, such as barren soil drought in rocky desertification area, wil be beneficial to recovering the karst degraded ecosystem by removing these stresses. So, mycorrhizal mulberry is considered a new effective way in ecological control of karst rocky desertification. The research summarized the structures and the characteristic eco-physiological functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, and preliminarily discussed its availability and research in karst rocky desertification restoration ,including investiga-tion of AMF diversity, the key affecting factor of AMF species diversity, the sym-biosis mechanism between AMF and mulberry, promoting the development of agri-cultural economy in Karst Rocky Desertification area by mycorrhizal mulberry. These elaborate efforts are to demonstrate mycorrhizal mulberry adapting to karst environ-ment from a new view, lay a theoretical basis for karst degraded-ecosystem restoration, and final y guarantee sustainable development of mycorrhizal mulberry in rocky desertification area.展开更多
Based on defition of desertification in Intematonal Convention toCombat Desertfication. and on China's situation, desenification is found notonly In and and senuand ropons but also in huAnd and subhunud ropons. In...Based on defition of desertification in Intematonal Convention toCombat Desertfication. and on China's situation, desenification is found notonly In and and senuand ropons but also in huAnd and subhunud ropons. InChina the desertified land area has already reached 1,1 17,000kin2, or 11.6percen of China's total land area. Of which 33.2 percent is caused by winderosion, 33.8 percen by water erosion and 33.0 percen by physical andchemical actions. Besides- another 535,000 kin2 of land is susceptible to wind erosion, 875,000 km2 to water erosion and 173,000 km2 to saliruzation.Land desertification in China is the result Of over growth of populahon and irrational human aCtivities, such as abuse of water res ou rces, overculti vati on'overgrazlng. deforestaion, vopation destruCtion and envirormental polluton caused by industry and nurung under fragile ecological conditions.In recat decades, reverse tronds have occurred in mpons under proper conrol.However. on the Whole it has beenexpanding. For instance, sandy desertification develops at an annual rate of 1.39 percen in agropastoral ropons in Northem China. This paper is supposed to evaluate the curren conrol measures and practices of desertification- in ligh of the distributon characteristics and developmedl trend of land desertification in China.展开更多
The paper had introduced geographical location,natural condition and social development status of Nanchuan District of Chongqing City,analyzed the development principle,necessity and feasibility of characteristic agri...The paper had introduced geographical location,natural condition and social development status of Nanchuan District of Chongqing City,analyzed the development principle,necessity and feasibility of characteristic agriculture at rocky desertification area.In view of features of desertification area,it had discussed construction mode of ecological restoration in the perspectives of engineering management measures,development and utilization of water resources,and ecological restoration measures.In line with agricultural characteristic of Nanchuan District of Chongqing City,the development mode of characteristic agriculture had been discussed from the aspects of characteristic Chinese medicinal crops,fruits,breeding,poultries,and cultivation.It emphasized adopting corresponding planning measures,making the best use of advantages and avoiding shortcomings,with scientific planning,reasonable layout and highlighted emphasis,so as to strive to form circular economic development tendency of good environment and harmonious ecology.展开更多
Windbreak system consisting of the forms of net, belt, sheet and point, has improved local eco environment greatly and promoted the level of social economy and local people's living. The result of environment imp...Windbreak system consisting of the forms of net, belt, sheet and point, has improved local eco environment greatly and promoted the level of social economy and local people's living. The result of environment impact assessment shows that the quality of eco environment has been improved obviously and the impact process is mainly positive after building of windbreak system in Daxing County of Beijing, a dry sub humid region. Effects of windbreak system and their environmental impacts are analyzed scientifically and reasonably in this paper. The study will enrich the theory of environment impact assessment and extend the scope of research, and will provide experience for the construction of windbreak system in the region.展开更多
Sensitivity evaluation of rocky desertification is to recognize the areas prone to be rock-deserted,so as to assess the sensitivity degree of rocky desertification to human activities.To perform the sensitivity evalua...Sensitivity evaluation of rocky desertification is to recognize the areas prone to be rock-deserted,so as to assess the sensitivity degree of rocky desertification to human activities.To perform the sensitivity evaluation of rocky desertification,we should be on the basis of the mechanism of rocky desertification formation for analyzing its regional distribution difference in the sensitivity and further for finding out the rocky desertification-susceptive areas and their possible degrees.Employing remote sensing and geological information system techniques,we regarded the 1∶ 50 000 topographic map and the TM image in 2000 of Guizhou Province,together with the hydrologic map,soil map,geologic map,rock formation map,administrative map and other geological information as data sources to generate the degree data of rocky desertification sensitivity of Guizhou Province in 1962 and 2000,based on which we determined the corresponding degree transfer matrix and adopted Markov model to simulate the dynamic change process of rocky desertification sensitivity and its future evolution trend.In various sensitivity types of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province,only the insensitive type showed a declined acreage,from the proportion of total land acreage of 61.35% in 1962 to 55.55% in 2000.Various sensitivity types inter-conversed,resultantly the acreage of mildly sensitive type increased most.The prediction results showed that the acreage of insensitive type of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province will assume a remarkable decline trend,of mildly sensitive type will present a remarkably increasing trend and of slightly sensitive type basically will maintain a stable level in the future tens of years.Acreages of both highly sensitive and extremely sensitive type of rocky desertification expanded to some extent,suggesting that the rocky desertification risk in Guizhou Province is in an aggravating process.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1305304)the Open Bidding for Selecting the Best Candidates Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2024JBGS0020).
文摘Desertification is a global crucial ecological and environmental issue,and China is among the countries most seriously affected by desertification.In recent decades,numerous independent studies on desertification dynamics have been carried out using remote sensing technology,but there has been a lack of systematic research on desertification trends in China.This study employed the meta-analysis to integrate the findings of 140 published research cases and examined the dynamics of desertification in the eight major deserts,four major sandy lands,and their surrounding areas in China from 1970 to 2019,with a comparative analysis of differences between the eastern(including the Mu Us Sandy Land,the Otindag Sandy Land,the Hulunbuir Sandy Land,the Horqin Sandy Land,and the Hobq Desert)and western(including the Taklimakan Desert,the Gurbantunggut Desert,the Kumtagh Desert,the Ulan Buh Desert,the Qaidam Basin Desert,the Badain Jaran Desert,and the Tengger Desert)regions.The results revealed that from 1970 to 2019,desertification first expanded and then reversed in the whole region.Specifically,desertification expanded from 1980 to 1999 and reversed after 2000.The desertification trend exhibited distinct spatio-temporal variations between the eastern and western regions.From 1970 to 2019,the western region experienced relatively minor changes in desertified land area compared to the eastern region.In the context of global climate change,beneficial climatic conditions and ecological construction projects played a crucial role in reversing desertification.These findings provide valuable insights for understanding the development patterns of desertification in the most representative deserts and sandy lands in China and formulating effective desertification control strategies.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42371219)the Key Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(24JRRA135)the Oasis Scientific Research Achievements Breakthrough Action Plan Project of Northwest Normal University(NWNU-LZKX-202302).
文摘Due to irrational human activities and extreme climate,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China,faces a serious threat of desertification.Desertification has a detrimental effect on the ecological environment and socioeconomic development.In this study,the desertification sensitivity index(DSI)model was established by integrating the spatial distance model and environmentally sensitive area index evaluation method,and then the model was used to quantitatively analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of desertification sensitivity of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from 1990 to 2020.The results revealed that:(1)a general increasing tendency from southeast to northwest was identified in the spatial distribution of desertification sensitivity.The low-sensitivity areas were mostly concentrated in the Hengduan and Nyaingqêntanglha mountains and surrounding forest and meadow areas.The high-sensitivity areas were located mainly in the Kunlun and Altun mountains and surrounding decertified areas.The center of gravity of all types of desertification-sensitive areas moved to the northwest,and the desertification sensitivity showed a decreasing trend as a whole;(2)the area of highly sensitive desertification areas decreased by 8.37%,with extreme sensitivity being the largest change among the sensitivity types.The desertification sensitivity transfer was characterized by a greater shift to lower sensitivity levels(24.56%)than to higher levels(2.03%),which demonstrated a declining trend;(3)since 1990,the change in desertification sensitivity has been dominated by the stabilizing type Ⅰ(29.30%),with the area of continuously increasing desertification sensitivity accounting for only 1.10%,indicating that the management of desertification has achieved positive results in recent years;and(4)natural factors have had a more significant impact on desertification sensitivity on the Xizang Plateau,whereas socioeconomic factors affected only localized areas.The main factors influencing desertification sensitivity were vegetation drought tolerance and aridity index.Studying spatiotemporal variations in desertification sensitivity and its influencing factors can provide a scientific foundation for developing strategies to control desertification on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Dividing different desertification-sensitive areas on the basis of these patterns of change can facilitate the formulation of more targeted management and protection measures,contributing to ecological construction and sustainable economic development in the area.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860619,31560611)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2021AAC02009).
文摘Land desertification severely compromises the core function of ecosystem and significantly disrupts biodiversity.Caragana korshinskii Kom.plays a pivotal role as a critical plant resource in the restoration and ecological reconstruction of desertified areas in Northwest China.Kytorhinus immixtus Motschulsky is the primary pest responsible for causing substantial damage to the seeds of C.korshinskii.In this study,field surveys were utilized in three distinct desertified types(lightly,moderately,and severely desertified areas)in north central Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Northwest China.This research was focused on investigating the population dynamics and damage rates of K.immixtus,with an emphasis on examining the relationships among K.immixtus distribution,levels of soil desertification,and associated environmental factors.The results revealed marked variations in the population distribution and abundance of K.immixtus across habitats with different degrees of desertification.Due to the sand-fixing ability of C.korshinskii,the severity of soil desertification decreased progressively from severe to moderate and light with C.korshinskii establishment.This reduction in desertification,along with habitat restoration and an increase in plant diversity,was correlated with a gradual increase in K.immixtus population size and damage rate.Generalized linear mixed model analysis revealed significantly positive correlations of soil total potassium,C.korshinskii height,maximum temperature during the survey,precipitation,and the plant species richness index with K.immixtus population.In contrast,the soil total phosphorus content,organic matter content,minimum temperature during the survey,C.korshinskii canopy width,and branch number were significantly and negatively correlated with K.immixtus population.Due to the sand-fixing capacity of C.korshinskii,the plant mitigated soil desertification,but as desertification severity decreased,habitat restoration and increased plant diversity drove a gradual increase in the population and damage rate of K.immixtus.Both biotic and abiotic factors in the habitat significantly influenced K.immixtus occurrence.To achieve the sustainable restoration of desert ecosystem,optimization of plant community structure with soil nutrient management in ecological rehabilitation is necessary to balance the benefits of sand fixation with pest risks.
基金supported by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition and Research Program-Investigation and Risk Assessment of Drought and Aeolian Disasters in Tarim River Basin(2021xjkk0300)the Xinjiang Tianshan Talent Program(2022TSYCLJ0002)the Basic Frontier Project of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E3500201).
文摘Desertification poses a significant ecological threat to global sustainability,notably within arid regions such as the Tarim Basin surrounding the extensive Taklimakan Desert in Northwest China.This study used the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform and Random Forest(RF)to analyze multi-temporal Landsat images to reveal desertification dynamics in the Tarim Basin spanning from 1990 to 2020.The results showed that land use types of the Tarim Basin were classified into three types:artificial oases,natural oases,and desertified land.To robustly quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use,we introduced the Desertification Change Index(DCI),a novel metric specifically designed to measure the transformation sensitivity of land use types.Our analysis demonstrated that from 1990 to 2020,artificial oases showed a continuous increasing trend,while desertified land decreased significantly.Natural oases decreased during 1990–2000,then continued to grow,and showed a decreasing trend again after 2015.Moreover,natural oases have mainly been converted into desertified land and artificial oases.Artificial oases were mainly converted into natural oases,and most of desertified land was converted into natural oases.Regions with significant oasis expansion(DCI=2)were mostly concentrated within the influence radius of artificial oases.In contrast,regions with significant oasis degradation(DCI=–2)were generally farther from artificial oases.Finally,this study found that the changes in land use types of the Tarim Basin are mainly driven by human activities,which play a dual role—mitigating desertification by controlling oasis expansion and exacerbating desertification through unsustainable resource utilization.Ultimately,this research provides essential insights for policy-makers and land managers aiming to devise adaptive and sustainable desertification control measures in the Tarim Basin and similarly arid regions globally.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1304304)。
文摘Tibetan alpine steppes are large and sensitive terrestrial carbon(C)reservoirs that are experiencing desertification due to global change and overgrazing,which can lead to stronger resource limitations for both above-and belowground communities.Soil nutrients,especially nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),are the crucial resources for plant growth and microbial metabolism.However,whether both plant and soil microbial communities in the degraded alpine steppes are limited by these soil nutrients remains unclear,which limits our understanding of the mechanisms of desertification and subsequent ecosystem restoration.Here,we evaluated potential nutrient limitations of the plant and soil microbial communities in the alpine steppe across five stages of desertification using stoichiometry-based approaches.Our results showed that soil microbial metabolism was mainly limited by C and P,and the plant N limitation and microbial C limitation were intensified while the microbial P limitation was relieved during desertification.Plant-soil-microbe interactions had significant impacts on the microbial C and P limitations,explaining 72 and 61%of the variation,respectively.Specifically,desertification ultimately affected microbial metabolic limitations by regulating soil pH,soil nutrients,and the plant N limitation.Moreover,the microbial C limitation further reduced microbial C use efficiency(CUE)with desertification,which is detrimental for organic C retention in the degraded soil.Overall,this study revealed that microbial metabolic limitations through plant-microbe interactions were the key drivers affecting soil microbial CUE,and it provided insights that can advance our knowledge of the microbial regulation of nutrient cycles and C sequestration.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805603)。
文摘Desertification poses severe threats to socio-ecological resilience in arid regions,yet systematic quantification of desertification control efficiency remains limited.This study addressed this gap by developing an integrated Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)Malmquist index to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of desertification control efficiency in Hotan Prefecture(a hyper-arid region)of China from 2005 to 2023.To achieve this goal,we analyzed 5 indices spanning the total factor productivity,technical change,efficiency change,pure efficiency change,and scale efficiency change across 7 counties and 1 city in Hotan Prefecture.Results revealed that the growth rate of the total factor productivity is 12.0%,which is driven primarily by technical change and management optimization.However,significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity emerged.Temporally,rapid early gains during 2005–2010,with the total factor productivity value of 1.372,were dominated by technological progress,where technical change reached 1.291,while scale efficiency change helped sustain progress between 2010 and 2015.A recent decline in the total factor productivity to 0.987 during 2015–2023 underscored the risks associated with technological stagnation.Spatially,Qira County achieved the highest growth rate of the total factor productivity at 33.7%through dual advances in technology and management,which stands in sharp contrast to Moyu County's stagnation,where the total factor productivity reached only 1.029,reflecting the minimal growth rate of 2.9%.Furthermore,scale expansion change proved beneficial in Pishan County but counterproductive in Qira County.Based on these findings,this study proposes targeted policy recommendations to enhance desertification control efficiency in hyper-arid regions like Hotan Prefecture.It emphasizes the importance of continuous technological innovation,particularly water-saving and adaptive techniques to counteract declining productivity.Differentiated spatial strategies are essential,with tailored interventions for high-risk northern areas and scaling successful models from higher-efficiency southern zones.Optimizing project scale based on ecological carrying capacity rather than uncontrolled expansion is urged,along with strengthening cross-regional water resource coordination.Finally,establishing a data-driven monitoring and decision-support system could enable dynamic efficiency evaluations and evidence-based policy planning.This study provides a critical methodological framework for systematically quantifying desertification control efficiency in hyper-arid regions,establishing an empirical foundation for targeted ecological governance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42301336)the Open Research Fund of Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere and Watershed Water Security(Grant No.HWWSF202302).
文摘As a major worldwide issue,desertification poses significant threats to ecosystem stability and long-term socioeconomic growth.Within China,the Mu Us Sandy land represents a crucial region for studying desertification phenomena.Comprehending how desertification risks are distributed spatially and what mechanisms drive them remains fundamental for implementing effective strategies in land management and risk mitigation.Our research evaluated desertification vulnerability across the Mu Us Sandy land by applying the MEDALUS model,while investigating causal factors via geographical detector methodology.Findings indicated that territories with high desertification vulnerability extend across 71,401.7 km^(2),constituting 76.87%of the entire region,while zones facing extreme desertification hazard cover 20,578.9 km^(2)(22.16%),primarily concentrated in a band-like pattern along the western boundary of the Mu Us Sandy land.Among the four primary indicators,management quality emerged as the most significant driver of desertification susceptibility,followed by vegetation quality and soil quality.Additionally,drought resistance,land use intensity,and erosion protection were identified as the key factors driving desertification sensitivity.The investigation offers significant theoretical perspectives that can guide the formulation of enhanced strategies for controlling desertification and promoting sustainable land resource utilization within the Mu Us Sandy land region.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to study change law of phosphorus content of soil in karst rocky desertification region(KRD) during eco-restoration process such as Northwest Guangxi Province.[Method] The soil samples were collected from typical KRD in Pingguo County and Yizhou City.The determining quotas of different soil samples such as soil total phosphorus content and available phosphorus content were detected,in addition the soil total phosphorus content,available phosphorus content, urease activity, catalase activity and organic matter content in different soil samples were analyzed comparatively.[Result] Aspect,vegetation type and recovery time generated obviously influences on phosphorus contents in different soil samples.The concrete influence order was listed as follow: phosphorus content in soil of south slope was higher than that in soil of north slope;phosphorus content in soil where Zenia insignis Chun was planted was higher than that in soil of closed forest and that of soil where Dendrocalamus minor Var. amoen was planted,additionally,phosphorus increased with recovery time. Urease activity could be used as a monitoring index of soil fertility because it is related to the change of phosphorus content.[Conclusion] The soil of karst rocky desertification region in Northwest Guangxi Province could be recovered gradually if excessive human disturbance was stopped.If proper natural method of recovery promoted by human was taken,the recovery would reach a better result.
基金Supported by the Special Fundation of China Geological Survey(1212010911084)~~
文摘[Objective] To extract desertification information of Hulun Buir region based on MODIS image data. [Method] Based on MODIS image data with the spatial res- olution of 1 km, 5 indicators which could reflect different desertification features were selected to conduct inversion. The desertification information of Hulun Buir region was extracted by decision tree classification. [Result] The desertification area of Hu- lun Buir region is 33 862 km2, accounting for 24% of the total area, and it is mainly dominated by sandiness desertification. Though field verification and mining point validation of high-resolution interpretation data, the overall accuracy of this evaluation is above 89%. [Conclusion] Evaluation method used in this study is not only effectively for large scale regional desertification monitoring but also has a better evaluation performance.
基金the National Science and Technology Key Project (2006BAC01A16)Program of Chongqing Science Committee (2004-8258)~~
文摘With the background of severe rocky desertification in the west of China and the ohjective of ecological environment construction and poverty elimination, the management information system of rocky desertification was designed according to the natural and humane characteristics in Nanchuan of Sichuan Province. The system was composed of data management module, information query module for rocky desertification, spatial analysis module and dynamic monitoring module.
文摘In the Haishi Park Demonstration Base of Zhongliang Mountain in Chongqing, ecological restoration modes were established based on growth status of local plants and other natural environmental conditions, including forestry ecology, tourism ecology, agricultural ecology as well as the combined mode of various ecological types.
文摘Based on the definition of desertification adopted by United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,particularly in Africa, first,the patterns of desertification in China are introduced.Second,desertification assessment indicator system that used in China is presented.It includes:(1)climate classification;(2)classification of land use;(3)classification of desertification patterns which include wind erosion,water erosion,salinization,and grassland degradation;(4)grading index of desertification that includes grading index of desertification caused by wind erosion,desertification caused by water erosion,desertification caused by salinization,indicators of grassland degradation classification.At last,some detailed factors that can be used as indicators in desertification assessment are discussed.
基金Supported by Special Foundation for Innovation Capacity Construction of Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology([2012]4003)~~
文摘Mycorrhizal mulberry is a plant, whose mulberry root and Arbuscular Myc-orrhizal fungi came into being a symbiotic relationship by a mean of natural or artifi-cial inoculation. Mycorrhizal mulberry coupling with main ecological barriers, such as barren soil drought in rocky desertification area, wil be beneficial to recovering the karst degraded ecosystem by removing these stresses. So, mycorrhizal mulberry is considered a new effective way in ecological control of karst rocky desertification. The research summarized the structures and the characteristic eco-physiological functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, and preliminarily discussed its availability and research in karst rocky desertification restoration ,including investiga-tion of AMF diversity, the key affecting factor of AMF species diversity, the sym-biosis mechanism between AMF and mulberry, promoting the development of agri-cultural economy in Karst Rocky Desertification area by mycorrhizal mulberry. These elaborate efforts are to demonstrate mycorrhizal mulberry adapting to karst environ-ment from a new view, lay a theoretical basis for karst degraded-ecosystem restoration, and final y guarantee sustainable development of mycorrhizal mulberry in rocky desertification area.
文摘Based on defition of desertification in Intematonal Convention toCombat Desertfication. and on China's situation, desenification is found notonly In and and senuand ropons but also in huAnd and subhunud ropons. InChina the desertified land area has already reached 1,1 17,000kin2, or 11.6percen of China's total land area. Of which 33.2 percent is caused by winderosion, 33.8 percen by water erosion and 33.0 percen by physical andchemical actions. Besides- another 535,000 kin2 of land is susceptible to wind erosion, 875,000 km2 to water erosion and 173,000 km2 to saliruzation.Land desertification in China is the result Of over growth of populahon and irrational human aCtivities, such as abuse of water res ou rces, overculti vati on'overgrazlng. deforestaion, vopation destruCtion and envirormental polluton caused by industry and nurung under fragile ecological conditions.In recat decades, reverse tronds have occurred in mpons under proper conrol.However. on the Whole it has beenexpanding. For instance, sandy desertification develops at an annual rate of 1.39 percen in agropastoral ropons in Northem China. This paper is supposed to evaluate the curren conrol measures and practices of desertification- in ligh of the distributon characteristics and developmedl trend of land desertification in China.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Projects of National "Eleventh Five Years"(2006BAC01A16)~~
文摘The paper had introduced geographical location,natural condition and social development status of Nanchuan District of Chongqing City,analyzed the development principle,necessity and feasibility of characteristic agriculture at rocky desertification area.In view of features of desertification area,it had discussed construction mode of ecological restoration in the perspectives of engineering management measures,development and utilization of water resources,and ecological restoration measures.In line with agricultural characteristic of Nanchuan District of Chongqing City,the development mode of characteristic agriculture had been discussed from the aspects of characteristic Chinese medicinal crops,fruits,breeding,poultries,and cultivation.It emphasized adopting corresponding planning measures,making the best use of advantages and avoiding shortcomings,with scientific planning,reasonable layout and highlighted emphasis,so as to strive to form circular economic development tendency of good environment and harmonious ecology.
文摘Windbreak system consisting of the forms of net, belt, sheet and point, has improved local eco environment greatly and promoted the level of social economy and local people's living. The result of environment impact assessment shows that the quality of eco environment has been improved obviously and the impact process is mainly positive after building of windbreak system in Daxing County of Beijing, a dry sub humid region. Effects of windbreak system and their environmental impacts are analyzed scientifically and reasonably in this paper. The study will enrich the theory of environment impact assessment and extend the scope of research, and will provide experience for the construction of windbreak system in the region.
基金Supported by Programs for Science and Technology Development of Guizhou Province(20073017,20083022)National Basic Research Program of China(973Program,2006CB403200)~~
文摘Sensitivity evaluation of rocky desertification is to recognize the areas prone to be rock-deserted,so as to assess the sensitivity degree of rocky desertification to human activities.To perform the sensitivity evaluation of rocky desertification,we should be on the basis of the mechanism of rocky desertification formation for analyzing its regional distribution difference in the sensitivity and further for finding out the rocky desertification-susceptive areas and their possible degrees.Employing remote sensing and geological information system techniques,we regarded the 1∶ 50 000 topographic map and the TM image in 2000 of Guizhou Province,together with the hydrologic map,soil map,geologic map,rock formation map,administrative map and other geological information as data sources to generate the degree data of rocky desertification sensitivity of Guizhou Province in 1962 and 2000,based on which we determined the corresponding degree transfer matrix and adopted Markov model to simulate the dynamic change process of rocky desertification sensitivity and its future evolution trend.In various sensitivity types of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province,only the insensitive type showed a declined acreage,from the proportion of total land acreage of 61.35% in 1962 to 55.55% in 2000.Various sensitivity types inter-conversed,resultantly the acreage of mildly sensitive type increased most.The prediction results showed that the acreage of insensitive type of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province will assume a remarkable decline trend,of mildly sensitive type will present a remarkably increasing trend and of slightly sensitive type basically will maintain a stable level in the future tens of years.Acreages of both highly sensitive and extremely sensitive type of rocky desertification expanded to some extent,suggesting that the rocky desertification risk in Guizhou Province is in an aggravating process.
