Compared with channel estimation method based on explicit training sequences,bandwidth is saved for those methods using superimposed training sequences,while it is wasted when Cyclic Prefix(CP) is added.In previous wo...Compared with channel estimation method based on explicit training sequences,bandwidth is saved for those methods using superimposed training sequences,while it is wasted when Cyclic Prefix(CP) is added.In previous work of McLernon,the Mean Square Error(MSE) performance of Data-Dependent Superimposed Training(DDST) without CP for Single-Input Single-Output(SISO) system was analyzed under the assumption that the data-dependent sequence matrix was a circulant matrix and not interfered by others.In fact,for the system without CP,the data-dependent sequence matrix is not circulant any more and will be interfered.This paper derives the exact expression of MSE for the system without CP and also gives its extension to Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) system without CP.展开更多
RehabilNation training is believed to be beneficial to patients with stroke, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Rat models of cerebral ischemic stroke were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/re...RehabilNation training is believed to be beneficial to patients with stroke, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Rat models of cerebral ischemic stroke were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, and then received treadmill training of different intens让ies, twice a day for 30 minutes for 1 week. Low-intensity training was conducted at 5 m/min, with a 10-minute running, 10-minute rest, and 10-minute running cycle. In the moderate-intensity training, the intensity gradually increased from 5 m/min to 10 m/min in 5 minutes, with the same rest cycle as above. In high-intensity training, the intensity gradually increased from 5 m/min to 25 m/min in 5 minutes, with the same rest cycle as above. The Bederson scale was used to evaluate the improvement of motor function. Infarct volume was detected using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining was applied to detect the apoptosis of nerve cells in brain tissue. Western blot assay was employed to analyze the activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3卩 signaling pathways in rat brain tissue. All training intensities reduced the neurological deficit score, infarct volume, and apoptosis in nerve cells in brain tissue of stroke rats. Training intensities activated the cAMP/protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling pathways. This activation was more obvious with higher training intensities. These changes were reversed by intracerebroventricular injection of protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-cAMP. Our findings indicate that the neuroprotective effect of rehabilitation training is achieved via activation of the cAMP/ protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling pathways. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Experimentation in Shanghai No. 8 Peoples Hospital, China.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60772087,No.50803016,No.60975004,No.60902023)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of P.R. China (No.200341)+1 种基金the National 863 High-Tech R&D Program (No.2007AA01Z 228)the open research fund of Key Laboratory of Information Coding and Transmission,Southwest Jiaotong University
文摘Compared with channel estimation method based on explicit training sequences,bandwidth is saved for those methods using superimposed training sequences,while it is wasted when Cyclic Prefix(CP) is added.In previous work of McLernon,the Mean Square Error(MSE) performance of Data-Dependent Superimposed Training(DDST) without CP for Single-Input Single-Output(SISO) system was analyzed under the assumption that the data-dependent sequence matrix was a circulant matrix and not interfered by others.In fact,for the system without CP,the data-dependent sequence matrix is not circulant any more and will be interfered.This paper derives the exact expression of MSE for the system without CP and also gives its extension to Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) system without CP.
基金supported by Clinical Study on Treatment of Cerebral Small Blood Vessel Disease by Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,No.ZHYY-ZXYJHZX-201625
文摘RehabilNation training is believed to be beneficial to patients with stroke, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Rat models of cerebral ischemic stroke were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, and then received treadmill training of different intens让ies, twice a day for 30 minutes for 1 week. Low-intensity training was conducted at 5 m/min, with a 10-minute running, 10-minute rest, and 10-minute running cycle. In the moderate-intensity training, the intensity gradually increased from 5 m/min to 10 m/min in 5 minutes, with the same rest cycle as above. In high-intensity training, the intensity gradually increased from 5 m/min to 25 m/min in 5 minutes, with the same rest cycle as above. The Bederson scale was used to evaluate the improvement of motor function. Infarct volume was detected using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining was applied to detect the apoptosis of nerve cells in brain tissue. Western blot assay was employed to analyze the activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3卩 signaling pathways in rat brain tissue. All training intensities reduced the neurological deficit score, infarct volume, and apoptosis in nerve cells in brain tissue of stroke rats. Training intensities activated the cAMP/protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling pathways. This activation was more obvious with higher training intensities. These changes were reversed by intracerebroventricular injection of protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-cAMP. Our findings indicate that the neuroprotective effect of rehabilitation training is achieved via activation of the cAMP/ protein kinase A and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta signaling pathways. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Experimentation in Shanghai No. 8 Peoples Hospital, China.
