A flexible or planar eddy current probe with a differential structure can suppress the lift-off noise during the inspection of defects.However,the extent of the lift-off effect on differential probes,including differe...A flexible or planar eddy current probe with a differential structure can suppress the lift-off noise during the inspection of defects.However,the extent of the lift-off effect on differential probes,including different coil structures,varies.In this study,two planar eddy current probes with differential pickup structures and the same size,Koch and circular probes,were used to compare lift-off effects.The eddy current distributions of the probes perturbed by 0°and 90°cracks were obtained by finite element analysis.The analysis results show that the 90°crack can impede the eddy current induced by the Koch probe even further at relatively low lift-off distance.The peak-to-peak values of the signal output from the two probes were compared at different lift-off distances using finite element analysis and experimental methods.In addition,the effects of different frequencies on the lift-off were studied experimentally.The results show that the signal peak-to-peak value of the Koch probe for the inspection of cracks in 90°orientation is larger than that of the circular probe when the lift-off distance is smaller than 1.2 mm.In addition,the influence of the lift-off distance on the peak-to-peak signal value of the two probes was studied via normalization.This indicates that the influence becomes more evident with an increase in excitation frequency.This research discloses the lift-off effect of differential planar eddy current probes with different coil shapes and proves the detection merit of the Koch probe for 90°cracks at low lift-off distances.展开更多
The current sheath velocity in 0.25 Torr gas pressure of Filippov type plasma focus is studied experimentally. By using two tridimensional magnetic probes on top of the anode surface, the current sheath velocity is me...The current sheath velocity in 0.25 Torr gas pressure of Filippov type plasma focus is studied experimentally. By using two tridimensional magnetic probes on top of the anode surface, the current sheath velocity is measured for argon, oxygen and nitrogen. Additionally, the effect of charging voltage on the current sheath velocity is studied in both axial and radial phases. We found that, the maximum current sheath velocities at both radial and axial phases are respectively 4.33 ± 0.28 （cm/μs） and 3.92 ± 0.75 （cm/μs） with argon as the working gas at 17 kV. Also, the minimum values of current sheath velocity are 1.48 ± 0.15 （cm/μs） at the radial phase and 1.14 ± 0.09 （cm/μs） at the axial phase with oxygen at 12 kV. The current sheath velocity at the radial phase is higher than that at the axial phase for all gases and voltages. In this study, variation of the full width half maximum （FWHM） of magnetic probe signals with voltage is investigated for different gases at radial and axial phases.展开更多
The effect of operating conditions on the time-dependent X-ray intensity variation is of great importance for the optimal EPMA conditions for accurate determinations of various elements in carbonate minerals. Beam dia...The effect of operating conditions on the time-dependent X-ray intensity variation is of great importance for the optimal EPMA conditions for accurate determinations of various elements in carbonate minerals. Beam diameters of 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μm, and beam currents of 3, 5, 10, 20,and 50 nA were tested. Ca, Mg, Zn, and Sr were found to be more sensitive to electron beam irradiation as compared to other elements, and small currents and large beam diameters minimized the timedependent X-ray intensity variations. We determined the optimal EPMA operating conditions for elements in carbonate: 10 μm and 5 nA for calcite;10 μm and 10 nA for dolomite;5 μm and 10 nA or 10 μm and 20 nA for strontianite;and 20 nA and 5 μm for other carbonate. Elements sensitive to electron beam irradiation should be determined first. In addition, silicate minerals are preferred as standards rather than carbonate minerals.展开更多
The effect of ion current density of argon plasma on target sputtering in magnetron sputtering process was investigated. Using home-made ion probe with computer-based data acquisition system, the ion current density a...The effect of ion current density of argon plasma on target sputtering in magnetron sputtering process was investigated. Using home-made ion probe with computer-based data acquisition system, the ion current density as functions of discharge power, gas pressure and positions was measured. A double-hump shape was found in ion current density curve after the analysis of the effects of power and pressure. The data demonstrate that ion current density increases with the increase in gas pressure in spite of slightly at the double-hump site, sharply at wave-trough and side positions. Simultaneously, the ion current density increases upon increase in power. Es- pecially, the ion current density steeply increases at the double-hump site. The highest energy of the secondary electrons arising from Larmor precession was found at the double-hump position, which results in high ion density. The target was etched seriously at the double-hump position due to the high ion density there. The data indicates that the increase in power can lead to a high sputtering speed rate.展开更多
Eddy current (EC) distribution induced by EC sensors determines the interaction between the defectin the testing specimen and the EC, so quantitatively evaluating EC distribution is crucial to the design of ECsensors....Eddy current (EC) distribution induced by EC sensors determines the interaction between the defectin the testing specimen and the EC, so quantitatively evaluating EC distribution is crucial to the design of ECsensors. In this study, two indices based on the information entropy are proposed to evaluate the EC energyallocated in different directions. The EC vectors induced by a rotational field EC sensor varying in the timedomain are evaluated by the proposed methods. Then, the evaluating results are analyzed by the principle ofEC testing. It can be concluded that the two indices can effectively quantitatively evaluate the EC distributionsvarying in the time domain and are used to optimize the parameters of the rotational EC sensors.展开更多
A theory model is established to describe the voltage-current responsefunction. The peak amplitude and the zero-crossing time of the transient signal is extracted as theimaging features, array pulsed eddy current (PEC...A theory model is established to describe the voltage-current responsefunction. The peak amplitude and the zero-crossing time of the transient signal is extracted as theimaging features, array pulsed eddy current (PEC) imaging is proposed to detect corrosion. The testresults show that this system has the advantage of fast scanning speed, different imaging mode andquantitative detection, it has a broad application in the aviation nondestructive testing.展开更多
The Langmuir Probe(LAP), onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), has been designed for in situ measurements of bulk parameters of the ionosphere plasma, the first Chinese application of in-situ measu...The Langmuir Probe(LAP), onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), has been designed for in situ measurements of bulk parameters of the ionosphere plasma, the first Chinese application of in-situ measurement technology in the field of space exploration. The two main parameters measured by LAP are electron density and temperature. In this paper, a brief description of the LAP and its work mode are provided. Based on characteristics of the LAP, and assuming an ideal plasma environment, we introduce in detail a method used to invert the I-V curve; the data products that can be accessed by users are shown. Based on the LAP data available, this paper reports that events such as earthquakes and magnetic storms are preceded and followed by obvious abnormal changes. We suggest that LAP could provide a valuable data set for studies of space weather, seismic events, and the ionospheric environment.展开更多
We have developed an automatic emissive probe apparatus based on the improved inflection point method of the emissive probe for accurate measurements of both plasma potential and vacuum space potential.The apparatus c...We have developed an automatic emissive probe apparatus based on the improved inflection point method of the emissive probe for accurate measurements of both plasma potential and vacuum space potential.The apparatus consists of a computer controlled data acquisition card,a working circuit composed by a biasing unit and a heating unit,as well as an emissive probe.With the set parameters of the probe scanning bias,the probe heating current and the fitting range,the apparatus can automatically execute the improved inflection point method and give the measured result.The validity of the automatic emissive probe apparatus is demonstrated in a test measurement of vacuum potential distribution between two parallel plates,showing an excellent accuracy of 0.1 V.Plasma potential was also measured,exhibiting high efficiency and convenient use of the apparatus for space potential measurements.展开更多
A new intelligent amperometric type of electrochemical hydrogen probe to measure hydrogen atom permeation rate in the metals was devised and developed. Combined with MCS51 single slice computer system, specially progr...A new intelligent amperometric type of electrochemical hydrogen probe to measure hydrogen atom permeation rate in the metals was devised and developed. Combined with MCS51 single slice computer system, specially programmed software was designed for data sampling, logging, storing, processing, result judgment and data output controlling. The probe is portable and can be used in both lab and in site automatically.展开更多
基金Supported by Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22JR5RA229)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51807086,12162021)Hongliu Youth Found of Lanzhou University of Technology and Gansu Provincial Outstanding Graduate Student Innovation Star of China(Grant No.2021CXZX-453).
文摘A flexible or planar eddy current probe with a differential structure can suppress the lift-off noise during the inspection of defects.However,the extent of the lift-off effect on differential probes,including different coil structures,varies.In this study,two planar eddy current probes with differential pickup structures and the same size,Koch and circular probes,were used to compare lift-off effects.The eddy current distributions of the probes perturbed by 0°and 90°cracks were obtained by finite element analysis.The analysis results show that the 90°crack can impede the eddy current induced by the Koch probe even further at relatively low lift-off distance.The peak-to-peak values of the signal output from the two probes were compared at different lift-off distances using finite element analysis and experimental methods.In addition,the effects of different frequencies on the lift-off were studied experimentally.The results show that the signal peak-to-peak value of the Koch probe for the inspection of cracks in 90°orientation is larger than that of the circular probe when the lift-off distance is smaller than 1.2 mm.In addition,the influence of the lift-off distance on the peak-to-peak signal value of the two probes was studied via normalization.This indicates that the influence becomes more evident with an increase in excitation frequency.This research discloses the lift-off effect of differential planar eddy current probes with different coil shapes and proves the detection merit of the Koch probe for 90°cracks at low lift-off distances.
文摘The current sheath velocity in 0.25 Torr gas pressure of Filippov type plasma focus is studied experimentally. By using two tridimensional magnetic probes on top of the anode surface, the current sheath velocity is measured for argon, oxygen and nitrogen. Additionally, the effect of charging voltage on the current sheath velocity is studied in both axial and radial phases. We found that, the maximum current sheath velocities at both radial and axial phases are respectively 4.33 ± 0.28 （cm/μs） and 3.92 ± 0.75 （cm/μs） with argon as the working gas at 17 kV. Also, the minimum values of current sheath velocity are 1.48 ± 0.15 （cm/μs） at the radial phase and 1.14 ± 0.09 （cm/μs） at the axial phase with oxygen at 12 kV. The current sheath velocity at the radial phase is higher than that at the axial phase for all gases and voltages. In this study, variation of the full width half maximum （FWHM） of magnetic probe signals with voltage is investigated for different gases at radial and axial phases.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41403022)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (No. CUGL150401)
文摘The effect of operating conditions on the time-dependent X-ray intensity variation is of great importance for the optimal EPMA conditions for accurate determinations of various elements in carbonate minerals. Beam diameters of 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μm, and beam currents of 3, 5, 10, 20,and 50 nA were tested. Ca, Mg, Zn, and Sr were found to be more sensitive to electron beam irradiation as compared to other elements, and small currents and large beam diameters minimized the timedependent X-ray intensity variations. We determined the optimal EPMA operating conditions for elements in carbonate: 10 μm and 5 nA for calcite;10 μm and 10 nA for dolomite;5 μm and 10 nA or 10 μm and 20 nA for strontianite;and 20 nA and 5 μm for other carbonate. Elements sensitive to electron beam irradiation should be determined first. In addition, silicate minerals are preferred as standards rather than carbonate minerals.
文摘The effect of ion current density of argon plasma on target sputtering in magnetron sputtering process was investigated. Using home-made ion probe with computer-based data acquisition system, the ion current density as functions of discharge power, gas pressure and positions was measured. A double-hump shape was found in ion current density curve after the analysis of the effects of power and pressure. The data demonstrate that ion current density increases with the increase in gas pressure in spite of slightly at the double-hump site, sharply at wave-trough and side positions. Simultaneously, the ion current density increases upon increase in power. Es- pecially, the ion current density steeply increases at the double-hump site. The highest energy of the secondary electrons arising from Larmor precession was found at the double-hump position, which results in high ion density. The target was etched seriously at the double-hump position due to the high ion density there. The data indicates that the increase in power can lead to a high sputtering speed rate.
基金Foundation item:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51807086)the Young Doctoral Fund of Education Department of Gansu Province(No.2021QB-047)the Hongliu Youth Fund of Lanzhou University of Technology(No.07/062003)。
文摘Eddy current (EC) distribution induced by EC sensors determines the interaction between the defectin the testing specimen and the EC, so quantitatively evaluating EC distribution is crucial to the design of ECsensors. In this study, two indices based on the information entropy are proposed to evaluate the EC energyallocated in different directions. The EC vectors induced by a rotational field EC sensor varying in the timedomain are evaluated by the proposed methods. Then, the evaluating results are analyzed by the principle ofEC testing. It can be concluded that the two indices can effectively quantitatively evaluate the EC distributionsvarying in the time domain and are used to optimize the parameters of the rotational EC sensors.
文摘A theory model is established to describe the voltage-current responsefunction. The peak amplitude and the zero-crossing time of the transient signal is extracted as theimaging features, array pulsed eddy current (PEC) imaging is proposed to detect corrosion. The testresults show that this system has the advantage of fast scanning speed, different imaging mode andquantitative detection, it has a broad application in the aviation nondestructive testing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41404058)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (8184091)
文摘The Langmuir Probe(LAP), onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), has been designed for in situ measurements of bulk parameters of the ionosphere plasma, the first Chinese application of in-situ measurement technology in the field of space exploration. The two main parameters measured by LAP are electron density and temperature. In this paper, a brief description of the LAP and its work mode are provided. Based on characteristics of the LAP, and assuming an ideal plasma environment, we introduce in detail a method used to invert the I-V curve; the data products that can be accessed by users are shown. Based on the LAP data available, this paper reports that events such as earthquakes and magnetic storms are preceded and followed by obvious abnormal changes. We suggest that LAP could provide a valuable data set for studies of space weather, seismic events, and the ionospheric environment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11675039)
文摘We have developed an automatic emissive probe apparatus based on the improved inflection point method of the emissive probe for accurate measurements of both plasma potential and vacuum space potential.The apparatus consists of a computer controlled data acquisition card,a working circuit composed by a biasing unit and a heating unit,as well as an emissive probe.With the set parameters of the probe scanning bias,the probe heating current and the fitting range,the apparatus can automatically execute the improved inflection point method and give the measured result.The validity of the automatic emissive probe apparatus is demonstrated in a test measurement of vacuum potential distribution between two parallel plates,showing an excellent accuracy of 0.1 V.Plasma potential was also measured,exhibiting high efficiency and convenient use of the apparatus for space potential measurements.
文摘A new intelligent amperometric type of electrochemical hydrogen probe to measure hydrogen atom permeation rate in the metals was devised and developed. Combined with MCS51 single slice computer system, specially programmed software was designed for data sampling, logging, storing, processing, result judgment and data output controlling. The probe is portable and can be used in both lab and in site automatically.
