The tree of Litsea cubeba is widely spread in China, Indonesia and other part of Southeast Asia. The essential oil of Litsea cubeba (EOLC) is obtained by steam distillation from the pepper-like fruits tree Litsea cube...The tree of Litsea cubeba is widely spread in China, Indonesia and other part of Southeast Asia. The essential oil of Litsea cubeba (EOLC) is obtained by steam distillation from the pepper-like fruits tree Litsea cubeba. The EOLC consists of about 29 active compounds. Among them, citral is the main component;the content of citral is nearly 80% of the EOLC. Due to the special function group, citral is easy to react with many chemicals. Thus, EOLC is usually applied as starting material to carry out aldol condensation, reduction, and six-member ring forming reaction. The EOLC is extensively employed to synthesis of geranal nitriles, pseudonoe, ionone, methyl ionone, Vitamin E and Vitamin A. These products are broadly applied in the fields of fragrance, perfume, medicine and so on. This paper presents comprehensive utilization of EOLC as raw materials to synthesize many active chemicals.展开更多
In a continuing search for biological natural products with structure diversity from traditional Chinese herbs,five new sesquineolignans(1−5)were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the twigs of Litsea cubeba.Th...In a continuing search for biological natural products with structure diversity from traditional Chinese herbs,five new sesquineolignans(1−5)were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the twigs of Litsea cubeba.Their structures were elucidated based on MS,1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data,as well as experimental electronic circular dichroism(ECD)spectra.Compounds 1−5 showed moderate inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages,with IC50 values of 16.2,20.2,22.1,15.1,and 16.6μmol·L^(−1),respectively.展开更多
Anticancer activity in vitro ofLitsea cubeba fruit extracts was investigated, focusing on the fruit residue from essential oil extraction. The methanol extract was fractionated by an Amberlite XAD-7 column. Cell viabi...Anticancer activity in vitro ofLitsea cubeba fruit extracts was investigated, focusing on the fruit residue from essential oil extraction. The methanol extract was fractionated by an Amberlite XAD-7 column. Cell viability, cell proliferation and cell death were determined using conversion of WST-8, BrdU incorporation and measurement of released LDH, respectively. Activation of caspase-3/-7 was detected using Z-DEVD-R substrate and morphological characteristics of apoptotic cells were revealed by DAPI staining. It was found that 80-100% methanol fractions （RME-4B, -5A, -5B and -5C） were effective against HeLa cell viability and also promoted cell death. RME-SA and -5B were highly effective in suppressing DNA replication （IC50 4.89 and 3.26 g/mL at 48 h） and also in activation of caspase-3/-7 （9 and 17 times of untreated population at 12 h）. The presence of apoptotic bodies was clearly observed. The results of this study suggested that L. cubeba fruit residue has remarkable apoptosis induction potential for further use in cancer drug research and for waste management in the essential oil industry.展开更多
[ Objectlve] The aim of this study was to explore an explants induction method for L. cubeba. [ Method ] Different types of L. cubeba stem segments were collected at different time as explants materials for induction ...[ Objectlve] The aim of this study was to explore an explants induction method for L. cubeba. [ Method ] Different types of L. cubeba stem segments were collected at different time as explants materials for induction and culture. [ Result ] The results showed that sterilization with 0. 1% HgC12 for 10 min achieved better effects, with an explants contamination rate of dO. 0% and a mortality rate of 15.0% ; stem segments of the 2na -5th buds below the terminal bud were better explants materials for initial induction; the best sampling time was January, with an induction rate as high as 81.1%, while the contamination rate was only 11.7% ; modified MS ＋ 1.0 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.2 mg/L of NAA was the optimal medium for explants induction of L. cubeba. [ Conclusion] Semi-lignified stem segments of L cubeba collected in January, sterilized with 0.1% HgCI2 for 10 min and cultured in modified MS ＋ 1.0 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.2 mg/L of NAA a- chieved better induction effects on L. cubeba seedlings.展开更多
The fruits of Piper cubeba have been used in Ayurvedic system of medicine for pain,tastelessness, painful urination and mouth diseases. Among its various chemical constituents,（-）-hinokinin, a trypanosomicidal diben...The fruits of Piper cubeba have been used in Ayurvedic system of medicine for pain,tastelessness, painful urination and mouth diseases. Among its various chemical constituents,（-）-hinokinin, a trypanosomicidal dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, is found in significant quantities.For quality evaluation of P. cubeba fruit and its commercial formulations, there is an urgent need to develop an analytical method based on（-）-hinokinin. For this purpose, an HPLC method was developed using photo diode array detector and Waters HR C18 column with gradient elution consisting of water and acetonitrile. The developed method was validated as per ICH-Q2 B guidelines and found to be accurate, precise and linear over a wide range of concentrations（5–300 mg/m L）.（-）-Hinokinin contents were found to be in the range of 0.005–0.109%（m/m） in various P. cubeba samples. The developed method was extended to LC–MS for further identification and characterization of（-）-hinokinin in samples. The developed method is simple,rapid and specific, and can be used as a tool for quality control of P. cubeba fruits and its commercial formulations.展开更多
The identification of natural, plant-derived compounds with pesticidal properties is crucial for developing environmentally sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides. In this study, four major lignans—dihydroc...The identification of natural, plant-derived compounds with pesticidal properties is crucial for developing environmentally sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides. In this study, four major lignans—dihydroclusin, cubebin, clusin, and yatein—were isolated from the crude extract of Piper cubeba fruit. Phytotoxicity assays revealed herbicidal activity against Agrostis stolonifera, with dihydroclusin and clusin exhibiting the highest efficacy, inhibiting seed germination by 50% and showing IC50 values of 2.9 µM and 45 µM, respectively, against Lemna paucicostata. Additionally, all compounds, except dihydroclusin, demonstrated fungicidal activity against the strawberry anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum fragariae. Moreover, only dihydroclusin exhibited larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, causing 96% mortality of mosquito larvae at the 100-ppm concentration tested. These findings highlight the broad-spectrum bioactivity of Piper cubeba lignans, suggesting their potential as alternative agents of synthetic pesticides for managing agricultural pests.展开更多
Microbial contamination is an inevitable problem in the field of food preservation.Natural preservatives are rapidly taking the place of chemical preservatives as green health becomes more prevalent.Litsea cubeba esse...Microbial contamination is an inevitable problem in the field of food preservation.Natural preservatives are rapidly taking the place of chemical preservatives as green health becomes more prevalent.Litsea cubeba essential oil(LCEO),an aromatic substance extracted from the fruits and leaves of Litsea cubeba,is a type of natural preservative.Among its many benefits are its outstanding antibacterial,antioxidant,and mildew properties.However,it defects in volatilization and stability greatly limits its application in food preservation.In this review,based on the chemical composition,antibacterial and antioxidant ability of LCEO,the methods of encapsulating essential oils,including emulsion,microcapsule and nanofiber,will be introduced.Furthermore,the applications of LCEO in food preservation are also summarized.These results demonstrated that the stability of LCEO is greatly improved after encapsulation,and the release rate is also controlled.When it is applied to the preservation of food,the shelf life is significantly extended.展开更多
Clostridium perfringens(C.perfringens)readily contaminates meat during processing,and its exotoxins pose a significant food safety threat.Herein,the natural plant-based antimicrobial agent,Litsea cubeba essential oil(...Clostridium perfringens(C.perfringens)readily contaminates meat during processing,and its exotoxins pose a significant food safety threat.Herein,the natural plant-based antimicrobial agent,Litsea cubeba essential oil(LCEO),has been shown to have an excellent antibacterial effect on C.perfringens.The hemolysis test and lecithin enzyme activity results showed that after being treated with LCEO at the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)for 8 h,the hemolytic activity of C.perfringens exotoxins decreased by 26.01%,and the hydrolysis circle diameter of lecithin shortened by 5 mm.Through liposome encapsulation,LCEO liposomes significantly improved the stability of essential oil while also forming a stimulus-responsive release of the hemolytic activity of C.perfringens exotoxins,effectively improving the inhibitory effect on C.perfringens.The application results indicate that within 4 d,LCEO liposomes can significantly inhibit the growth of C.perfringens in beef at temperatures of refrigeration(4℃)or after cooking(40℃),with relatively little impact on beef quality.It indicates that LCEO liposomes can effectively extend the shelf life of beef and are a very promising antibacterial strategy for meat products.展开更多
This study reports the development of a novel oil-in-water nanoemulsion system composed of Lactobacillus plantarum SC21 cell-free supernatant(LCFS),Litsea cubeba essential oil(LCEO),and soy lecithin(SL).Through system...This study reports the development of a novel oil-in-water nanoemulsion system composed of Lactobacillus plantarum SC21 cell-free supernatant(LCFS),Litsea cubeba essential oil(LCEO),and soy lecithin(SL).Through systematic characterization,this study revealed that the nanoemulsions exhibited a uniform spherical morphology,stable dispersion,and minimal aggregation.These findings demonstrated the formation of a robust interfacial structure,likely via molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces.The encapsulation of bioactive compounds within this system significantly enhanced their functional performance.Specifically,LCFS-LCEO nanoemulsions(LCFS-LCEO-NEs)showed improved antioxidant activity and stronger antibacterial effects against common spoilage microorganisms(Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida)in fiddlehead ferns than LCFS and LCEO alone,and it outperformed the simple physical mixture of LCFS and LCEO,highlighting the crucial role of the nanoencapsulation process.When applied to fiddlehead ferns during storage at 4℃,LCFS-LCEO-NEs effectively hindered quality loss by delaying browning,senescence,and moisture loss,thereby extending the postharvest shelf life to 24 days.Additionally,the textural properties and key nutritional components of fiddlehead ferns were also maintained during refrigerated storage,and key browningrelated enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were inhibited.Overall,this study demonstrated that LCFS-LCEO-NEs function as multifunctional preservatives through multiple integrated mechanisms,including structural encapsulation,enhanced antioxidant activity,additive antibacterial effects,and browning enzyme inhibition.Thus,they offer a sustainable and innovative strategy for the postharvest management and quality control of wild vegetables.展开更多
This paper was to determine the effects of dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil(LEO)supplementation on growth performance,immune function,antioxidant level,intestinal morphology and microbial composition in weaned pigl...This paper was to determine the effects of dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil(LEO)supplementation on growth performance,immune function,antioxidant level,intestinal morphology and microbial composition in weaned piglets.One hundred and ninety-two piglets(Duroc×[Large White×Landrace])with 6.85±0.22 kg mean body weight weaned at 21 d of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 8 replicates and were fed with a basal diet(CON)or CON diet containing 100(LLEO),200(MLEO)and 400(HLEO)mg/kg LEO.The results revealed that HLEO supplementation(P<0.05)increased the average daily gain on d 28 compared with CON.MLEO and HLEO supplementation decreased(P<0.05)feed conversion ratio.LEO-containing diets had a lower(P<0.05)diarrhea rate.Supple-mentation with HLEO increased(P<0.05)total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)both in the serum and liver.Meanwhile,the supplementation of MLEO and HLEO resulted in higher(P<0.05)glutathione peroxidase(GPx)activities both in serum and liver.Supplementation of HLEO increased(P<0.05)serum immu-noglobulin A,immunoglobulin G and interleukin-10,whereas supplementation with MLEO and HLEO decreased(P<0.05)tumor necrosis factor-α.Villus height in the duodenum or jejunum was increased(P<0.05)in the HLEO group,and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was also improved(P<0.05)in the MLEO group.The addition of LEO increased(P<0.05)the richness and diversity of the microbial community in the cecum,which mainly increased the relative abundance of Oscillospir-aceae_UCG-005,Faecalibacterium,Blautia and Coprococcus.Piglets supplemented with HLEO increased(P<0.05)the concentration of short chain fatty acids(SCFA),including acetic acid in the cecum and propionic acid in the colon.In conclusion,these findings indicated that LEO supplementation improved growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets.展开更多
This study aims to fabricate and characterize zein-encapsulated Litsea cubeba oil nanoparticles (NZ/LCO) and evaluate its effect on pork preservation. The formation, morphology, interactions, thermal stability, antiba...This study aims to fabricate and characterize zein-encapsulated Litsea cubeba oil nanoparticles (NZ/LCO) and evaluate its effect on pork preservation. The formation, morphology, interactions, thermal stability, antibacterial and antioxidant properties and in vitro release of NZ/LCO were investigated. NZ/LCO showed a spherical shape with a smooth outer wall under scanning electron microscope. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that there were hydrogen bonding interactions between Litsea cubeba oil (LCO) and zein. The glass transition temperature of NZ/LCO was higher than that of zein nanoparticles by differential scanning calorimetry. Encapsulation of LCO in zein improved antibacterial and antioxidant activities of LCO. The antibacterial effect of NZ/LCO against Staphylococcus aureus was stronger than that against Escherichia coli. NZ/LCO exhibited sustained and pH-dependent release of LCO in vitro, and the release was faster in pH 4.5 buffer than in pH 7 buffer. When the ratio of zein to LCO was 1:0.5, the particle size and polydispersity index of NZ/LCO were 128.3 nm and 0.148, respectively, and its performance was the best. Compared with the coating containing free LCO, the coating containing NZ/LCO had better preservation effect on pork because it better delayed the changes in color, pH and texture of pork, and inhibited lipid oxidation and microbial growth more effectively. The findings suggest that NZ/LCO has a high potential for pork preservation.展开更多
文摘The tree of Litsea cubeba is widely spread in China, Indonesia and other part of Southeast Asia. The essential oil of Litsea cubeba (EOLC) is obtained by steam distillation from the pepper-like fruits tree Litsea cubeba. The EOLC consists of about 29 active compounds. Among them, citral is the main component;the content of citral is nearly 80% of the EOLC. Due to the special function group, citral is easy to react with many chemicals. Thus, EOLC is usually applied as starting material to carry out aldol condensation, reduction, and six-member ring forming reaction. The EOLC is extensively employed to synthesis of geranal nitriles, pseudonoe, ionone, methyl ionone, Vitamin E and Vitamin A. These products are broadly applied in the fields of fragrance, perfume, medicine and so on. This paper presents comprehensive utilization of EOLC as raw materials to synthesize many active chemicals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81903489 and 81522050)the Science and Technology Program of Qinghai(No.2018-ZJ-739)+1 种基金the Innovation Platform for the Development and Construction of Special Project of Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province(No.2017-ZJ-Y19)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3332019080).
文摘In a continuing search for biological natural products with structure diversity from traditional Chinese herbs,five new sesquineolignans(1−5)were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the twigs of Litsea cubeba.Their structures were elucidated based on MS,1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data,as well as experimental electronic circular dichroism(ECD)spectra.Compounds 1−5 showed moderate inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages,with IC50 values of 16.2,20.2,22.1,15.1,and 16.6μmol·L^(−1),respectively.
文摘Anticancer activity in vitro ofLitsea cubeba fruit extracts was investigated, focusing on the fruit residue from essential oil extraction. The methanol extract was fractionated by an Amberlite XAD-7 column. Cell viability, cell proliferation and cell death were determined using conversion of WST-8, BrdU incorporation and measurement of released LDH, respectively. Activation of caspase-3/-7 was detected using Z-DEVD-R substrate and morphological characteristics of apoptotic cells were revealed by DAPI staining. It was found that 80-100% methanol fractions （RME-4B, -5A, -5B and -5C） were effective against HeLa cell viability and also promoted cell death. RME-SA and -5B were highly effective in suppressing DNA replication （IC50 4.89 and 3.26 g/mL at 48 h） and also in activation of caspase-3/-7 （9 and 17 times of untreated population at 12 h）. The presence of apoptotic bodies was clearly observed. The results of this study suggested that L. cubeba fruit residue has remarkable apoptosis induction potential for further use in cancer drug research and for waste management in the essential oil industry.
文摘[ Objectlve] The aim of this study was to explore an explants induction method for L. cubeba. [ Method ] Different types of L. cubeba stem segments were collected at different time as explants materials for induction and culture. [ Result ] The results showed that sterilization with 0. 1% HgC12 for 10 min achieved better effects, with an explants contamination rate of dO. 0% and a mortality rate of 15.0% ; stem segments of the 2na -5th buds below the terminal bud were better explants materials for initial induction; the best sampling time was January, with an induction rate as high as 81.1%, while the contamination rate was only 11.7% ; modified MS ＋ 1.0 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.2 mg/L of NAA was the optimal medium for explants induction of L. cubeba. [ Conclusion] Semi-lignified stem segments of L cubeba collected in January, sterilized with 0.1% HgCI2 for 10 min and cultured in modified MS ＋ 1.0 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.2 mg/L of NAA a- chieved better induction effects on L. cubeba seedlings.
文摘The fruits of Piper cubeba have been used in Ayurvedic system of medicine for pain,tastelessness, painful urination and mouth diseases. Among its various chemical constituents,（-）-hinokinin, a trypanosomicidal dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, is found in significant quantities.For quality evaluation of P. cubeba fruit and its commercial formulations, there is an urgent need to develop an analytical method based on（-）-hinokinin. For this purpose, an HPLC method was developed using photo diode array detector and Waters HR C18 column with gradient elution consisting of water and acetonitrile. The developed method was validated as per ICH-Q2 B guidelines and found to be accurate, precise and linear over a wide range of concentrations（5–300 mg/m L）.（-）-Hinokinin contents were found to be in the range of 0.005–0.109%（m/m） in various P. cubeba samples. The developed method was extended to LC–MS for further identification and characterization of（-）-hinokinin in samples. The developed method is simple,rapid and specific, and can be used as a tool for quality control of P. cubeba fruits and its commercial formulations.
文摘The identification of natural, plant-derived compounds with pesticidal properties is crucial for developing environmentally sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides. In this study, four major lignans—dihydroclusin, cubebin, clusin, and yatein—were isolated from the crude extract of Piper cubeba fruit. Phytotoxicity assays revealed herbicidal activity against Agrostis stolonifera, with dihydroclusin and clusin exhibiting the highest efficacy, inhibiting seed germination by 50% and showing IC50 values of 2.9 µM and 45 µM, respectively, against Lemna paucicostata. Additionally, all compounds, except dihydroclusin, demonstrated fungicidal activity against the strawberry anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum fragariae. Moreover, only dihydroclusin exhibited larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, causing 96% mortality of mosquito larvae at the 100-ppm concentration tested. These findings highlight the broad-spectrum bioactivity of Piper cubeba lignans, suggesting their potential as alternative agents of synthetic pesticides for managing agricultural pests.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2401402)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-47)。
文摘Microbial contamination is an inevitable problem in the field of food preservation.Natural preservatives are rapidly taking the place of chemical preservatives as green health becomes more prevalent.Litsea cubeba essential oil(LCEO),an aromatic substance extracted from the fruits and leaves of Litsea cubeba,is a type of natural preservative.Among its many benefits are its outstanding antibacterial,antioxidant,and mildew properties.However,it defects in volatilization and stability greatly limits its application in food preservation.In this review,based on the chemical composition,antibacterial and antioxidant ability of LCEO,the methods of encapsulating essential oils,including emulsion,microcapsule and nanofiber,will be introduced.Furthermore,the applications of LCEO in food preservation are also summarized.These results demonstrated that the stability of LCEO is greatly improved after encapsulation,and the release rate is also controlled.When it is applied to the preservation of food,the shelf life is significantly extended.
基金Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R153),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabiathe Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Faisal University under project no.[KFU241195].
文摘Clostridium perfringens(C.perfringens)readily contaminates meat during processing,and its exotoxins pose a significant food safety threat.Herein,the natural plant-based antimicrobial agent,Litsea cubeba essential oil(LCEO),has been shown to have an excellent antibacterial effect on C.perfringens.The hemolysis test and lecithin enzyme activity results showed that after being treated with LCEO at the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)for 8 h,the hemolytic activity of C.perfringens exotoxins decreased by 26.01%,and the hydrolysis circle diameter of lecithin shortened by 5 mm.Through liposome encapsulation,LCEO liposomes significantly improved the stability of essential oil while also forming a stimulus-responsive release of the hemolytic activity of C.perfringens exotoxins,effectively improving the inhibitory effect on C.perfringens.The application results indicate that within 4 d,LCEO liposomes can significantly inhibit the growth of C.perfringens in beef at temperatures of refrigeration(4℃)or after cooking(40℃),with relatively little impact on beef quality.It indicates that LCEO liposomes can effectively extend the shelf life of beef and are a very promising antibacterial strategy for meat products.
基金support from the Jilin Provincial Scientific and Technological Development Program(No.20230202049NC).
文摘This study reports the development of a novel oil-in-water nanoemulsion system composed of Lactobacillus plantarum SC21 cell-free supernatant(LCFS),Litsea cubeba essential oil(LCEO),and soy lecithin(SL).Through systematic characterization,this study revealed that the nanoemulsions exhibited a uniform spherical morphology,stable dispersion,and minimal aggregation.These findings demonstrated the formation of a robust interfacial structure,likely via molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces.The encapsulation of bioactive compounds within this system significantly enhanced their functional performance.Specifically,LCFS-LCEO nanoemulsions(LCFS-LCEO-NEs)showed improved antioxidant activity and stronger antibacterial effects against common spoilage microorganisms(Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida)in fiddlehead ferns than LCFS and LCEO alone,and it outperformed the simple physical mixture of LCFS and LCEO,highlighting the crucial role of the nanoencapsulation process.When applied to fiddlehead ferns during storage at 4℃,LCFS-LCEO-NEs effectively hindered quality loss by delaying browning,senescence,and moisture loss,thereby extending the postharvest shelf life to 24 days.Additionally,the textural properties and key nutritional components of fiddlehead ferns were also maintained during refrigerated storage,and key browningrelated enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were inhibited.Overall,this study demonstrated that LCFS-LCEO-NEs function as multifunctional preservatives through multiple integrated mechanisms,including structural encapsulation,enhanced antioxidant activity,additive antibacterial effects,and browning enzyme inhibition.Thus,they offer a sustainable and innovative strategy for the postharvest management and quality control of wild vegetables.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1300403)the Youth Science Fund Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ40165)Earmarked Fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-35)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Project(2020NK2031)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130099).
文摘This paper was to determine the effects of dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil(LEO)supplementation on growth performance,immune function,antioxidant level,intestinal morphology and microbial composition in weaned piglets.One hundred and ninety-two piglets(Duroc×[Large White×Landrace])with 6.85±0.22 kg mean body weight weaned at 21 d of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 8 replicates and were fed with a basal diet(CON)or CON diet containing 100(LLEO),200(MLEO)and 400(HLEO)mg/kg LEO.The results revealed that HLEO supplementation(P<0.05)increased the average daily gain on d 28 compared with CON.MLEO and HLEO supplementation decreased(P<0.05)feed conversion ratio.LEO-containing diets had a lower(P<0.05)diarrhea rate.Supple-mentation with HLEO increased(P<0.05)total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)both in the serum and liver.Meanwhile,the supplementation of MLEO and HLEO resulted in higher(P<0.05)glutathione peroxidase(GPx)activities both in serum and liver.Supplementation of HLEO increased(P<0.05)serum immu-noglobulin A,immunoglobulin G and interleukin-10,whereas supplementation with MLEO and HLEO decreased(P<0.05)tumor necrosis factor-α.Villus height in the duodenum or jejunum was increased(P<0.05)in the HLEO group,and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was also improved(P<0.05)in the MLEO group.The addition of LEO increased(P<0.05)the richness and diversity of the microbial community in the cecum,which mainly increased the relative abundance of Oscillospir-aceae_UCG-005,Faecalibacterium,Blautia and Coprococcus.Piglets supplemented with HLEO increased(P<0.05)the concentration of short chain fatty acids(SCFA),including acetic acid in the cecum and propionic acid in the colon.In conclusion,these findings indicated that LEO supplementation improved growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets.
基金funded by the green industry program fund of Hubei University of Technology(No.CPYF2018004).
文摘This study aims to fabricate and characterize zein-encapsulated Litsea cubeba oil nanoparticles (NZ/LCO) and evaluate its effect on pork preservation. The formation, morphology, interactions, thermal stability, antibacterial and antioxidant properties and in vitro release of NZ/LCO were investigated. NZ/LCO showed a spherical shape with a smooth outer wall under scanning electron microscope. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that there were hydrogen bonding interactions between Litsea cubeba oil (LCO) and zein. The glass transition temperature of NZ/LCO was higher than that of zein nanoparticles by differential scanning calorimetry. Encapsulation of LCO in zein improved antibacterial and antioxidant activities of LCO. The antibacterial effect of NZ/LCO against Staphylococcus aureus was stronger than that against Escherichia coli. NZ/LCO exhibited sustained and pH-dependent release of LCO in vitro, and the release was faster in pH 4.5 buffer than in pH 7 buffer. When the ratio of zein to LCO was 1:0.5, the particle size and polydispersity index of NZ/LCO were 128.3 nm and 0.148, respectively, and its performance was the best. Compared with the coating containing free LCO, the coating containing NZ/LCO had better preservation effect on pork because it better delayed the changes in color, pH and texture of pork, and inhibited lipid oxidation and microbial growth more effectively. The findings suggest that NZ/LCO has a high potential for pork preservation.
