Photocatalysis is an important technology for using solar energy to produce hydrogen,convert CO_(2) to synthetic fuels,and decrease persistent pollutant.However,conventional photocatalysts have limitations,including p...Photocatalysis is an important technology for using solar energy to produce hydrogen,convert CO_(2) to synthetic fuels,and decrease persistent pollutant.However,conventional photocatalysts have limitations,including poor spectral absorption,inefficient charge separation,and structural instability under operational stress,which demand innovative durable materials with tailored electronic properties.Nanodiamond(ND)has recently been recognized as a suitable material because of its exceptional chemical stability,superior charge carrier mobility,and possible surface functionalization.While its intrinsic wide bandgap limits its response to visible-light,different methods have been demonstrated to activate its catalytic potential.Here,several emerging strategies for improving the catalytic performance of ND-based photocatalytic systems are summarized,including surface functionalization,plasmonic hybridization,heteroatom doping,and heterostructure design.And the structure-activity relationship and design principle are proposed to improve the light harvesting,charge transport,and redox kinetics for constructing high efficiency ND-based photocatalysts used in the renewable energy and environmental industries.展开更多
CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organ...CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.展开更多
Direct conversion of syngas to light olefins(STO)on bifunctional catalysts has garnered significant attention,yet a comprehensive understanding of the reaction pathway and reaction kinetics remains elusive.Herein,we t...Direct conversion of syngas to light olefins(STO)on bifunctional catalysts has garnered significant attention,yet a comprehensive understanding of the reaction pathway and reaction kinetics remains elusive.Herein,we theoretically addressed the kinetics of the direct STO reaction on typical ZnAl_(2)O_(4)/zeolite catalysts by establishing a complete reaction network,consisting of methanol synthesis and conversion,water gas shift(WGS)reaction,olefin hydrogenation,and other relevant steps.The WGS reaction occurs very readily on ZnAl_(2)O_(4) surface whereas which is less active towards alkane formation via olefin hydrogenation,and the latter can be attributed to the characteristics of the H_(2) heterolytic activation and the weak polarity of olefins.The driving effect of zeolite component towards CO conversion was demonstrated by microkinetic simulations,which is sensitive to reaction conditions like space velocity and reaction temperature.Under a fixed ratio of active sites between oxide and zeolite components,the concept of the“impossible trinity”of high CO conversion,high olefin selectivity,and high space velocity can thus be manifested.This work thus provides a comprehensive kinetic picture on the direct STO conversion,offering valuable insights for the design of each component of bifunctional catalysts and the optimization of reaction conditions.展开更多
To synergistically recover alumina and alkali from red mud(RM),the structural stability and conversion mechanism of hydroandradite(HA)from hydrogarnet(HG)were investigated via the First-principles,XRF,XRD,PSD and SEM ...To synergistically recover alumina and alkali from red mud(RM),the structural stability and conversion mechanism of hydroandradite(HA)from hydrogarnet(HG)were investigated via the First-principles,XRF,XRD,PSD and SEM methods,and a novel hydrothermal process based on the conversion principle was finally proposed.The crystal structure simulation shows that the HA with varied silicon saturation coefficients is more stable than HG,and the HA with a high iron substitution coefficient is more difficult to be converted from HG.The(110)plane of Fe_(2)O_(3) is easier to combine with HG to form HA,and the binding energy is 81.93 kJ/mol.The effects of raw material ratio,solution concentration and hydrothermal parameters on the conversion from HG to HA were revealed,and the optimal conditions for the alumina recovery were obtained.The recovery efficiencies of alumina and Na_(2)O from the RM are 63.06%and 97.34%,respectively,and the Na_(2)O content in the treated RM is only 0.13%.展开更多
Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility ar...Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility are key to mitigating disaster risk.This study integrated multi-source historical landslide data with 15 predictive factors and used several machine learning models—Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Regression Trees(GBRT),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost)—to generate susceptibility maps.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method was applied to quantify factor importance and explore their nonlinear effects.The results showed that:(1)CatBoost was the best-performing model(CA=0.938,AUC=0.980)in assessing landslide susceptibility,with altitude emerging as the most significant factor,followed by distance to roads and earthquake sites,precipitation,and slope;(2)the SHAP method revealed critical nonlinear thresholds,demonstrating that historical landslides were concentrated at mid-altitudes(1400-4000 m)and decreased markedly above 4000 m,with a parallel reduction in probability beyond 700 m from roads;and(3)landslide-prone areas,comprising 13%of the QTP,were concentrated in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the plateau.By integrating machine learning and SHAP analysis,this study revealed landslide hazard-prone areas and their driving factors,providing insights to support disaster management strategies and sustainable regional planning.展开更多
With the continuous progress of automatic driving technology,automatic driving technology standards are gradually affecting the determination of criminal responsibility for traffic accidents in China.At present,the ch...With the continuous progress of automatic driving technology,automatic driving technology standards are gradually affecting the determination of criminal responsibility for traffic accidents in China.At present,the characteristics and tendency of China's automatic driving technology standards present the situation of high policy relevance coexisting with low normative binding,professionalism coexist with barriers,forefront coexist with ambiguity.Therefore,challenges are presented both theoretically and practically on the determination of criminal responsibility based on automatic driving technology standard..In this regard,the misunderstanding should be clarified in theory:The legal order under the automatic driving technology standard has constitutionality and systematic,and there is a balance between the frontier of automatic driving technology development and the lagging of criminal law.The automatic driving technology risk level system should be built to clarify the boundary of the effectiveness of criminal law norms,seeking fora breakthrough in the application of the establishment of a comprehensive judgment system of the risks and accidents and the system of evidence to prove the system,which clarifies the determination of criminal responsibility under the automatic driving technology standard.This essay hopes to pursue breakthroughs in the application-to establish a comprehensive judgment system of risks and accidents as well as an evidence proof system,so as to clarify the determination of criminal responsibility under automatic driving technology standards.展开更多
Catalytic CO_(2)-to-methanol conversion presents a synergistic approach for concurrent greenhouse gas abatement and sustainable energy carrier synthesis.Single-atom catalysts(SACs)with maximized atomic utilization,tai...Catalytic CO_(2)-to-methanol conversion presents a synergistic approach for concurrent greenhouse gas abatement and sustainable energy carrier synthesis.Single-atom catalysts(SACs)with maximized atomic utilization,tailored electronic configurations and unique metal-support interactions,exhibit superior performance in CO_(2) activation and methanol synthesis.This review systematically compares reaction mechanisms and pathways across thermal,photocatalytic and electrocatalytic systems,emphasizing structure-activity relationships governed by active sites,coordination microenvironments and support functionalities.Through case studies of representative SACs,we elucidate how metal-support synergies dictate intermediate binding energetics and methanol selectivity.A critical analysis of reaction parameters(e.g.,temperature,pressure)reveals condition-dependent catalytic behaviors in thermal system,with fewer studies in photo/electrocatalytic systems identified as key knowledge gaps.While thermal catalysis achieves industrially viable methanol yields,the scalability is constrained by energy-intensive operation and catalyst sintering.Conversely,photo/electrocatalytic routes offer renewable energy integration but suffer from inefficient charge dynamics and mass transport limitations.To address the challenges,we propose strategic research priorities on precise design of active sites,synergy of multiple technological pathways,development of intelligent catalytic systems and diverse CO_(2) feedstock compatibility.These insights establish a framework for developing next-generation SACs,offering both theoretical foundations and technological blueprints for developing carbon-negative catalytic technologies.展开更多
Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster...Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.展开更多
Two-dimensional nanofluidic membranes have garnered considerable interest due to their potential for cost-effective osmotic energy harvesting.One promising approach to enhancing ion conductivity and selectivity is the...Two-dimensional nanofluidic membranes have garnered considerable interest due to their potential for cost-effective osmotic energy harvesting.One promising approach to enhancing ion conductivity and selectivity is the incorporation of vip additives.However,the traditional host-vip configuration can undermine the structural integrity of nanochannels owing to the inconsistent size and shape of these additives.Drawing inspiration from the intricate design of biological protein channels,which utilize small amino acid molecules as vips,we have addressed this issue by incorporating glycine,a common amino acid,into a vermiculite membrane using a simple vacuum-assisted infiltration method.The resulting vermiculite-glycine membrane demonstrates 1.8 times greater ionic conductivity and twice the power density compared to pure vermiculite membranes.Analysis based on glycine content,coupled with spectroscopic examination,reveals that ion conductivity is linked to the distribution of glycine molecules across three specific sites within the membrane.This suggests that glycine molecules—whether confined in voids,adsorbed onto nanochannel surfaces,or intercalated within multilayered vermiculite nanoparticles—enhance nanofluidic ion transport by modulating surface and space charge density,as well as strengthening hydrogen bonding,electrostatic interactions,and steric effects.This work reveals the specific interactions between amino acids and vermiculite,offering a novel path for advancing nanofluidic composite membranes and highlighting critical considerations for the proposed strategy.展开更多
The safe driving and operation of trains is a necessary condition for ensuring the safe operation of trains.In particular,heavy-haul trains are characterized by the difficulty in driving and operation.Considering the ...The safe driving and operation of trains is a necessary condition for ensuring the safe operation of trains.In particular,heavy-haul trains are characterized by the difficulty in driving and operation.Considering the uncertainties in train driving and operation,this paper analyzes the relationship between the safety of heavy-haul electric locomotive hauled trains and driving and operation.It studies the auxiliary intelligent driving safety operation control methods.Through K-means to identify the characteristics of drivers'driving manipulation,the hidden Markov model adaptively adjusts the train driving and operation sequence,and conducts auxiliary driving reconstruction for heavy-haul locomotive driving and operation.Based on the train running curve and the locomotive traction/braking characteristics,it smoothly controls the exertion of the traction/braking force of heavy-haul locomotives,thereby optimizing the driving safety control of heavy-haul trains in the vehicle-environment-track system.Finally,the train operation simulation and optimized driving verification are carried out by simulating some track sections.The results show that the proposed method can correct and pre-optimize driving operations,improving the smoothness of heavy-haul trains by approximately 10%.It verifies the effectiveness of the proposed train assisted driving control reconstruction method,facilitating the smooth and safe operation of heavy-haul trains.展开更多
Reliable detection of traffic signs and lights(TSLs)at long range and under varying illumination is essen-tial for improving the perception and safety of autonomous driving systems(ADS).Traditional object detection mo...Reliable detection of traffic signs and lights(TSLs)at long range and under varying illumination is essen-tial for improving the perception and safety of autonomous driving systems(ADS).Traditional object detection models often exhibit significant performance degradation in real-world environments characterized by high dynamic range and complex lighting conditions.To overcome these limitations,this research presents FED-YOLOv10s,an improved and lightweight object detection framework based on You Only look Once v10(YOLOv10).The proposed model integrates a C2f-Faster block derived from FasterNet to reduce parameters and floating-point operations,an Efficient Multiscale Attention(EMA)mechanism to improve TSL-invariant feature extraction,and a deformable Convolution Networks v4(DCNv4)module to enhance multiscale spatial adaptability.Experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves an optimal balance between computational efficiency and detection accuracy,attaining an F1-score of 91.8%,and mAP@0.5 of 95.1%,while reducing parameters to 8.13 million.Comparative analyses across multiple traffic sign detection benchmarks demonstrate that FED-YOLOv10s outperforms state-of-the-art models in precision,recall,and mAP.These results highlight FED-YOLOv10s as a robust,efficient,and deployable solution for intelligent traffic perception in ADS.展开更多
Conventional locking/release mechanisms often face challenges in aircraft wing separation processes,such as excessive impact loads and insufficient synchronization.These may cause structural damage to the airframe or ...Conventional locking/release mechanisms often face challenges in aircraft wing separation processes,such as excessive impact loads and insufficient synchronization.These may cause structural damage to the airframe or attitude instability,seriously compromising mission reliability.To address this engineering challenge,this paper proposes a multi-point low-impact locking/release mechanism based on the mobility model and energy conversion strategy.Through establishing a DOF constraint framework system,this paper systematically analyzes the energy transfer and conversion characteristics during the wing separation process,reveals the generation mechanism of impact loads,and conducts research on low-impact design based on energy conversion strategy.Building on this foundation,a single-point locking/release mechanism employing parallel trapezoidal key shaft structure was designed,which increases frictional contact time and reduces the energy release rate,thereby achieving low-impact characteristics.The mechanism's performance was validated through physical prototype development and systematic functional testing(including unlocking force,synchronization,and impact tests).Experimental results demonstrate:(1)Under 14 kN preload condition,the maximum unlocking force was only 92.54 N,showing a linear relationship with preload that satisfies the"strong-connection/weak-unlock"design requirement;(2)Wing separation was completed within 46 ms,with synchronization time difference among three separation mechanisms stably controlled within 12-14 ms,proving rapid and reliable operation;(3)The unlocking impact acceleration ranged between 26 and 73 g,below the 100 g design limit,confirming the effectiveness of the energy conversion strategy.The proposed low-impact locking/release mechanism design method based on energy conversion strategy resolves the traditional challenges of high impact and synchronization deficiencies.The synergistic optimization mechanism of"structural load reduction and performance improvement"provides a highly reliable technical solution for wing separable mechanisms while offering novel design insights for wing connection/separation systems engineering.展开更多
In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to...In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to dangerous situations.Furthermore,autonomous vehicles may operate abnormally in bad weather due to limitations of their sensors and GPS.Driving simulators,which replicate driving conditions nearly identical to those in the real world,can drastically reduce the time and cost required for market entry validation;consequently,they have become widely used.In this paper,we design a virtual driving test environment capable of collecting and verifying SiLS data under adverse weather conditions using multi-source images.The proposed method generates a virtual testing environment that incorporates various events,including weather,time of day,and moving objects,that cannot be easily verified in real-world autonomous driving tests.By setting up scenario-based virtual environment events,multi-source image analysis and verification using real-world DCUs(Data Concentrator Units)with V2X-Car edge cloud can effectively address risk factors that may arise in real-world situations.We tested and validated the proposed method with scenarios employing V2X communication and multi-source image analysis.展开更多
As a controllable power generation method requiring no energy storage,Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC)technology demonstrates characteristics of abundant reserves,low pollution,and round-the-clock stable operatio...As a controllable power generation method requiring no energy storage,Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC)technology demonstrates characteristics of abundant reserves,low pollution,and round-the-clock stable operation.The free-standing cold-water pipe(CWP)in the system withstands various complex loads during operation,posing potential failure risks.To reveal the deformation and stress mechanisms of OTEC CWPs,this study first analyzes wave particle velocity and acceleration to determine wave loads at different water depths.Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam model,a quasi-static load calculation model for OTEC CWPs was established.The governing equations were discretized using the finite difference method,and matrix equations were solved to analyze bending deformation,bending moments,and surface stresses at discrete points along the pipe.Results indicate that water depths within 50 m represent a critical zone where wave particle velocity,acceleration,and wave loads exhibit significant variations in harmonic patterns,while beyond 50 m depth wave loads decrease linearly.Ocean currents and surface wind-driven currents substantially influence the CWP’s lateral displacement.Considering the effect of clump weights,the maximum lateral displacement occurs at 600–800 m below sea level.Utilizing large-wall-thickness high-strength pipes at the top section significantly enhances the structural safety of the CWP system.展开更多
Cuprous oxide(Cu_(2)O) is one of the most promising catalysts for electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added C_(2) products.The efficiency of CO_(2)-to-C_(2) conversion is highly dependent on the Cu_(2)O cr...Cuprous oxide(Cu_(2)O) is one of the most promising catalysts for electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added C_(2) products.The efficiency of CO_(2)-to-C_(2) conversion is highly dependent on the Cu_(2)O crystal plane orientation and the corresponding adsorbed ^(*)CO species.Herein,we constructed high-index crystal planes(311) in Cu_(2)O(CO-Cu_(2)O) via a facile self-selective CO-induced strategy under a CO atmosphere,which was verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM) results.By exploiting the high surface energy of the high index crystal planes,^(*)CO species are stabilized in CO-Cu_(2)O during CO_(2)RR,resulting in exceptional catalytic performance for CO_(2)-to-C_(2)products.In situ infrared spectroscopy revealed that both atop-type(^(*)CO_(atop)) and hollow-type(^(*)CO_(hollow)) adsorption of ^(*)CO species occurred on the CO-Cu_(2)O.The asymmetric C-C coupling energy barrier between ^(*)CO_(atop) and ^(*)CO_(hollow) in(311) crystal plane decreases by 47.8 % compared to the symmetric coupling of ^(*)CO_(atop) in conventional(100) crystal planes.Consequently,the Faradaic efficiency of C_(2) products generated with CO-Cu_(2)O was increased by as high as 100 % compared to that with pristine Cu_(2)O.展开更多
Methanol,a crucial C1 intermediate,bridges traditional fossil-based chemical processes with emerging sustainable catalytic technologies by serving as both a versatile hydrogenation product from CO/CO_(2)and an active ...Methanol,a crucial C1 intermediate,bridges traditional fossil-based chemical processes with emerging sustainable catalytic technologies by serving as both a versatile hydrogenation product from CO/CO_(2)and an active intermediate for hydrocarbon synthesis.Despite significant progress in methanol-to-hydrocarbon(MTH)conversion,a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms remains essential to enhance catalyst design and industrial applicability.This review critically synthesizes recent advances in mechanistic insights related to methanol conversion and methanol-mediated catalytic processes.Firstly,we systematically outline key reaction pathways involved in initial carbon–carbon(C–C)bond formation through direct and indirect mechanisms,emphasizing significant breakthroughs from spectroscopic analyses and theoretical calculations.Subsequently,we highlight the autocatalytic characteristics and dual-cycle mechanisms underlying MTH processes,critically evaluating the roles of zeolite structures,pore sizes,topology,and acidity in governing product selectivity and catalyst stability.Additionally,we discuss cutting-edge developments in tandem catalytic systems employing methanol as a pivotal intermediate for CO_(x)hydrogenation,emphasizing the transferable mechanistic principles and catalytic insights.Finally,we identify future research directions,including elucidating precise hydrocarbon pool(HCP)intermediates,optimizing zeolite structures through computational-guided design,and developing robust catalytic systems leveraging advanced characterization methods and artificial intelligence.By integrating multidisciplinary approaches from catalytic science,materials engineering,and reaction engineering,this review provides actionable guidance towards rational design and optimization of advanced catalytic systems for efficient methanol conversion processes.展开更多
This article explores the factors and mechanism driving the land-use conversion at regional level by developing and using an econometric approach which is called the simultaneous equations model （SEM）. A case study ...This article explores the factors and mechanism driving the land-use conversion at regional level by developing and using an econometric approach which is called the simultaneous equations model （SEM）. A case study in Jiangxi Province of China is conducted by establishing the SEM, which consists of three equations including agricultural production, land conversion of cultivated land to built-up area and land conversion of cultivated land to forest cover/grassland from 1988 to 2005. And then this paper employs the method of piecewise estimation to represent the influences of the factors such as population, society, economy, location and geophysical conditions on the process of land-use conversion in Jiangxi Province. Estimation results show that population is a predominant factor driving the land-use conversion at counties, while social and economic factors are determinant factors in the short term for the entire Jiangxi Province. Specifically, the size of agricultural population and the magnitude of agricultural input determine the agricultural production to a large extent; population size, plain area proportion at counties and land management policies together affect the direction and magnitude of conversion between cultivated land and built-up area; agricultural population proportion, terrain slope, grain production and non-agricultural industry promote the conversion of cultivated land to forest cover/grassland. Furthermore, the explored mechanism also reveals the underlying causes of the land use changes driven by a series of factors in Jiangxi Province. Finally, this paper concludes that factors proven to play an important role in driving the land-use conversion need to be considered when the land management agencies make out the land use planning to optimize the land use, expand the agricultural production, and conserve the cultivated land.展开更多
Energy scarcity and environmental pollution are worldwide issues which plague human development.According to projections for economic development and population growth,global energy demand is anticipated to double by ...Energy scarcity and environmental pollution are worldwide issues which plague human development.According to projections for economic development and population growth,global energy demand is anticipated to double by 2050 and triple by2100.Better energy storage and conversion are glorious but arduous missions in the 21st century.Although the fossil展开更多
In order to solve the uncertainty of voice-to-color conversion in which one of the three voice features（loudness, tone, rhythm） is applied to control LED color, a linear conversion solution is proposed. And a chroma...In order to solve the uncertainty of voice-to-color conversion in which one of the three voice features（loudness, tone, rhythm） is applied to control LED color, a linear conversion solution is proposed. And a chromaticity diagram is defined by using hue definition on hue-saturation-lightness（HSL） hue ring and the normalization of CIE xyY which is a color standard defined by International Commission on Illumination（CIE）. The chromaticity diagram shows a linear relation between pitch and color, which is referred to conversions of other physical parameters as well. Based on the solution, red（R）, green（G） and blue（B） LEDs, the driving structure of a conversion circuit is designed and set up. The results indicate that signal processing of tone-to-color conversion is effective, from 30 Hz to 3 kHz with a resolution of 10 Hz mapped to the chromaticity diagram.展开更多
Direct in vivo conversion of astrocytes into functional new neurons induced by neural transcription factors has been recognized as a potential new therapeutic intervention for neural injury and degenerative disorders....Direct in vivo conversion of astrocytes into functional new neurons induced by neural transcription factors has been recognized as a potential new therapeutic intervention for neural injury and degenerative disorders. However, a few recent studies have claimed that neural transcription factors cannot convert astrocytes into neurons, attributing the converted neurons to pre-existing neurons mis-expressing transgenes. In this study, we overexpressed three distinct neural transcription factors––NeuroD1, Ascl1, and Dlx2––in reactive astrocytes in mouse cortices subjected to stab injury, resulting in a series of significant changes in astrocyte properties. Initially, the three neural transcription factors were exclusively expressed in the nuclei of astrocytes. Over time, however, these astrocytes gradually adopted neuronal morphology, and the neural transcription factors was gradually observed in the nuclei of neuron-like cells instead of astrocytes. Furthermore,we noted that transcription factor-infected astrocytes showed a progressive decrease in the expression of astrocytic markers AQP4(astrocyte endfeet signal), CX43(gap junction signal), and S100β. Importantly, none of these changes could be attributed to transgene leakage into preexisting neurons. Therefore, our findings suggest that neural transcription factors such as NeuroD1, Ascl1, and Dlx2 can effectively convert reactive astrocytes into neurons in the adult mammalian brain.展开更多
文摘Photocatalysis is an important technology for using solar energy to produce hydrogen,convert CO_(2) to synthetic fuels,and decrease persistent pollutant.However,conventional photocatalysts have limitations,including poor spectral absorption,inefficient charge separation,and structural instability under operational stress,which demand innovative durable materials with tailored electronic properties.Nanodiamond(ND)has recently been recognized as a suitable material because of its exceptional chemical stability,superior charge carrier mobility,and possible surface functionalization.While its intrinsic wide bandgap limits its response to visible-light,different methods have been demonstrated to activate its catalytic potential.Here,several emerging strategies for improving the catalytic performance of ND-based photocatalytic systems are summarized,including surface functionalization,plasmonic hybridization,heteroatom doping,and heterostructure design.And the structure-activity relationship and design principle are proposed to improve the light harvesting,charge transport,and redox kinetics for constructing high efficiency ND-based photocatalysts used in the renewable energy and environmental industries.
文摘CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.
文摘Direct conversion of syngas to light olefins(STO)on bifunctional catalysts has garnered significant attention,yet a comprehensive understanding of the reaction pathway and reaction kinetics remains elusive.Herein,we theoretically addressed the kinetics of the direct STO reaction on typical ZnAl_(2)O_(4)/zeolite catalysts by establishing a complete reaction network,consisting of methanol synthesis and conversion,water gas shift(WGS)reaction,olefin hydrogenation,and other relevant steps.The WGS reaction occurs very readily on ZnAl_(2)O_(4) surface whereas which is less active towards alkane formation via olefin hydrogenation,and the latter can be attributed to the characteristics of the H_(2) heterolytic activation and the weak polarity of olefins.The driving effect of zeolite component towards CO conversion was demonstrated by microkinetic simulations,which is sensitive to reaction conditions like space velocity and reaction temperature.Under a fixed ratio of active sites between oxide and zeolite components,the concept of the“impossible trinity”of high CO conversion,high olefin selectivity,and high space velocity can thus be manifested.This work thus provides a comprehensive kinetic picture on the direct STO conversion,offering valuable insights for the design of each component of bifunctional catalysts and the optimization of reaction conditions.
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2904405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078055,51774079)。
文摘To synergistically recover alumina and alkali from red mud(RM),the structural stability and conversion mechanism of hydroandradite(HA)from hydrogarnet(HG)were investigated via the First-principles,XRF,XRD,PSD and SEM methods,and a novel hydrothermal process based on the conversion principle was finally proposed.The crystal structure simulation shows that the HA with varied silicon saturation coefficients is more stable than HG,and the HA with a high iron substitution coefficient is more difficult to be converted from HG.The(110)plane of Fe_(2)O_(3) is easier to combine with HG to form HA,and the binding energy is 81.93 kJ/mol.The effects of raw material ratio,solution concentration and hydrothermal parameters on the conversion from HG to HA were revealed,and the optimal conditions for the alumina recovery were obtained.The recovery efficiencies of alumina and Na_(2)O from the RM are 63.06%and 97.34%,respectively,and the Na_(2)O content in the treated RM is only 0.13%.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3206601。
文摘Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility are key to mitigating disaster risk.This study integrated multi-source historical landslide data with 15 predictive factors and used several machine learning models—Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Regression Trees(GBRT),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost)—to generate susceptibility maps.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method was applied to quantify factor importance and explore their nonlinear effects.The results showed that:(1)CatBoost was the best-performing model(CA=0.938,AUC=0.980)in assessing landslide susceptibility,with altitude emerging as the most significant factor,followed by distance to roads and earthquake sites,precipitation,and slope;(2)the SHAP method revealed critical nonlinear thresholds,demonstrating that historical landslides were concentrated at mid-altitudes(1400-4000 m)and decreased markedly above 4000 m,with a parallel reduction in probability beyond 700 m from roads;and(3)landslide-prone areas,comprising 13%of the QTP,were concentrated in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the plateau.By integrating machine learning and SHAP analysis,this study revealed landslide hazard-prone areas and their driving factors,providing insights to support disaster management strategies and sustainable regional planning.
基金The National Social Science Foundation Youth Project of China:Research on the collaborative govemance path of administrative law and criminal law against dangerous driving behaviors in the digital-intelligent society(25CFX108)。
文摘With the continuous progress of automatic driving technology,automatic driving technology standards are gradually affecting the determination of criminal responsibility for traffic accidents in China.At present,the characteristics and tendency of China's automatic driving technology standards present the situation of high policy relevance coexisting with low normative binding,professionalism coexist with barriers,forefront coexist with ambiguity.Therefore,challenges are presented both theoretically and practically on the determination of criminal responsibility based on automatic driving technology standard..In this regard,the misunderstanding should be clarified in theory:The legal order under the automatic driving technology standard has constitutionality and systematic,and there is a balance between the frontier of automatic driving technology development and the lagging of criminal law.The automatic driving technology risk level system should be built to clarify the boundary of the effectiveness of criminal law norms,seeking fora breakthrough in the application of the establishment of a comprehensive judgment system of the risks and accidents and the system of evidence to prove the system,which clarifies the determination of criminal responsibility under the automatic driving technology standard.This essay hopes to pursue breakthroughs in the application-to establish a comprehensive judgment system of risks and accidents as well as an evidence proof system,so as to clarify the determination of criminal responsibility under automatic driving technology standards.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52300170).
文摘Catalytic CO_(2)-to-methanol conversion presents a synergistic approach for concurrent greenhouse gas abatement and sustainable energy carrier synthesis.Single-atom catalysts(SACs)with maximized atomic utilization,tailored electronic configurations and unique metal-support interactions,exhibit superior performance in CO_(2) activation and methanol synthesis.This review systematically compares reaction mechanisms and pathways across thermal,photocatalytic and electrocatalytic systems,emphasizing structure-activity relationships governed by active sites,coordination microenvironments and support functionalities.Through case studies of representative SACs,we elucidate how metal-support synergies dictate intermediate binding energetics and methanol selectivity.A critical analysis of reaction parameters(e.g.,temperature,pressure)reveals condition-dependent catalytic behaviors in thermal system,with fewer studies in photo/electrocatalytic systems identified as key knowledge gaps.While thermal catalysis achieves industrially viable methanol yields,the scalability is constrained by energy-intensive operation and catalyst sintering.Conversely,photo/electrocatalytic routes offer renewable energy integration but suffer from inefficient charge dynamics and mass transport limitations.To address the challenges,we propose strategic research priorities on precise design of active sites,synergy of multiple technological pathways,development of intelligent catalytic systems and diverse CO_(2) feedstock compatibility.These insights establish a framework for developing next-generation SACs,offering both theoretical foundations and technological blueprints for developing carbon-negative catalytic technologies.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42571219)Key Project of Zhejiang Province Soft Science Research Plan(No.2023C25014)。
文摘Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22479097)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Grant Nos.23ZR1433000)the National High-Level Talent Program for Young Scholars,the Start-up Fund(F.S.)from Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China.We also acknowledge the SJTU Instrument Analysis Centre for the measurements.
文摘Two-dimensional nanofluidic membranes have garnered considerable interest due to their potential for cost-effective osmotic energy harvesting.One promising approach to enhancing ion conductivity and selectivity is the incorporation of vip additives.However,the traditional host-vip configuration can undermine the structural integrity of nanochannels owing to the inconsistent size and shape of these additives.Drawing inspiration from the intricate design of biological protein channels,which utilize small amino acid molecules as vips,we have addressed this issue by incorporating glycine,a common amino acid,into a vermiculite membrane using a simple vacuum-assisted infiltration method.The resulting vermiculite-glycine membrane demonstrates 1.8 times greater ionic conductivity and twice the power density compared to pure vermiculite membranes.Analysis based on glycine content,coupled with spectroscopic examination,reveals that ion conductivity is linked to the distribution of glycine molecules across three specific sites within the membrane.This suggests that glycine molecules—whether confined in voids,adsorbed onto nanochannel surfaces,or intercalated within multilayered vermiculite nanoparticles—enhance nanofluidic ion transport by modulating surface and space charge density,as well as strengthening hydrogen bonding,electrostatic interactions,and steric effects.This work reveals the specific interactions between amino acids and vermiculite,offering a novel path for advancing nanofluidic composite membranes and highlighting critical considerations for the proposed strategy.
基金Project(U2034211)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20232ACE01013)supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Research and Development Special Project of Jiangxi Province,China。
文摘The safe driving and operation of trains is a necessary condition for ensuring the safe operation of trains.In particular,heavy-haul trains are characterized by the difficulty in driving and operation.Considering the uncertainties in train driving and operation,this paper analyzes the relationship between the safety of heavy-haul electric locomotive hauled trains and driving and operation.It studies the auxiliary intelligent driving safety operation control methods.Through K-means to identify the characteristics of drivers'driving manipulation,the hidden Markov model adaptively adjusts the train driving and operation sequence,and conducts auxiliary driving reconstruction for heavy-haul locomotive driving and operation.Based on the train running curve and the locomotive traction/braking characteristics,it smoothly controls the exertion of the traction/braking force of heavy-haul locomotives,thereby optimizing the driving safety control of heavy-haul trains in the vehicle-environment-track system.Finally,the train operation simulation and optimized driving verification are carried out by simulating some track sections.The results show that the proposed method can correct and pre-optimize driving operations,improving the smoothness of heavy-haul trains by approximately 10%.It verifies the effectiveness of the proposed train assisted driving control reconstruction method,facilitating the smooth and safe operation of heavy-haul trains.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia under Grant No.IPP:172-830-2025.
文摘Reliable detection of traffic signs and lights(TSLs)at long range and under varying illumination is essen-tial for improving the perception and safety of autonomous driving systems(ADS).Traditional object detection models often exhibit significant performance degradation in real-world environments characterized by high dynamic range and complex lighting conditions.To overcome these limitations,this research presents FED-YOLOv10s,an improved and lightweight object detection framework based on You Only look Once v10(YOLOv10).The proposed model integrates a C2f-Faster block derived from FasterNet to reduce parameters and floating-point operations,an Efficient Multiscale Attention(EMA)mechanism to improve TSL-invariant feature extraction,and a deformable Convolution Networks v4(DCNv4)module to enhance multiscale spatial adaptability.Experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves an optimal balance between computational efficiency and detection accuracy,attaining an F1-score of 91.8%,and mAP@0.5 of 95.1%,while reducing parameters to 8.13 million.Comparative analyses across multiple traffic sign detection benchmarks demonstrate that FED-YOLOv10s outperforms state-of-the-art models in precision,recall,and mAP.These results highlight FED-YOLOv10s as a robust,efficient,and deployable solution for intelligent traffic perception in ADS.
文摘Conventional locking/release mechanisms often face challenges in aircraft wing separation processes,such as excessive impact loads and insufficient synchronization.These may cause structural damage to the airframe or attitude instability,seriously compromising mission reliability.To address this engineering challenge,this paper proposes a multi-point low-impact locking/release mechanism based on the mobility model and energy conversion strategy.Through establishing a DOF constraint framework system,this paper systematically analyzes the energy transfer and conversion characteristics during the wing separation process,reveals the generation mechanism of impact loads,and conducts research on low-impact design based on energy conversion strategy.Building on this foundation,a single-point locking/release mechanism employing parallel trapezoidal key shaft structure was designed,which increases frictional contact time and reduces the energy release rate,thereby achieving low-impact characteristics.The mechanism's performance was validated through physical prototype development and systematic functional testing(including unlocking force,synchronization,and impact tests).Experimental results demonstrate:(1)Under 14 kN preload condition,the maximum unlocking force was only 92.54 N,showing a linear relationship with preload that satisfies the"strong-connection/weak-unlock"design requirement;(2)Wing separation was completed within 46 ms,with synchronization time difference among three separation mechanisms stably controlled within 12-14 ms,proving rapid and reliable operation;(3)The unlocking impact acceleration ranged between 26 and 73 g,below the 100 g design limit,confirming the effectiveness of the energy conversion strategy.The proposed low-impact locking/release mechanism design method based on energy conversion strategy resolves the traditional challenges of high impact and synchronization deficiencies.The synergistic optimization mechanism of"structural load reduction and performance improvement"provides a highly reliable technical solution for wing separable mechanisms while offering novel design insights for wing connection/separation systems engineering.
基金supported by Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2019-0-01842,Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program(GIST))supported by Korea Planning&Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)grant funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Republic of Korea)(RS-2025-25448249+1 种基金Automotive Industry Technology Development(R&D)Program)supported by the Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE)programthrough the(Gwangju RISE Center),funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)and the Gwangju Metropolitan City,Republic of Korea(2025-RISE-05-001).
文摘In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to dangerous situations.Furthermore,autonomous vehicles may operate abnormally in bad weather due to limitations of their sensors and GPS.Driving simulators,which replicate driving conditions nearly identical to those in the real world,can drastically reduce the time and cost required for market entry validation;consequently,they have become widely used.In this paper,we design a virtual driving test environment capable of collecting and verifying SiLS data under adverse weather conditions using multi-source images.The proposed method generates a virtual testing environment that incorporates various events,including weather,time of day,and moving objects,that cannot be easily verified in real-world autonomous driving tests.By setting up scenario-based virtual environment events,multi-source image analysis and verification using real-world DCUs(Data Concentrator Units)with V2X-Car edge cloud can effectively address risk factors that may arise in real-world situations.We tested and validated the proposed method with scenarios employing V2X communication and multi-source image analysis.
基金funded by Nansha District Science and Technology Project(Grant Number.2024ZD008)funded by China Geological Survey(Grant number:No.DD20230066,DD20242659).
文摘As a controllable power generation method requiring no energy storage,Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC)technology demonstrates characteristics of abundant reserves,low pollution,and round-the-clock stable operation.The free-standing cold-water pipe(CWP)in the system withstands various complex loads during operation,posing potential failure risks.To reveal the deformation and stress mechanisms of OTEC CWPs,this study first analyzes wave particle velocity and acceleration to determine wave loads at different water depths.Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam model,a quasi-static load calculation model for OTEC CWPs was established.The governing equations were discretized using the finite difference method,and matrix equations were solved to analyze bending deformation,bending moments,and surface stresses at discrete points along the pipe.Results indicate that water depths within 50 m represent a critical zone where wave particle velocity,acceleration,and wave loads exhibit significant variations in harmonic patterns,while beyond 50 m depth wave loads decrease linearly.Ocean currents and surface wind-driven currents substantially influence the CWP’s lateral displacement.Considering the effect of clump weights,the maximum lateral displacement occurs at 600–800 m below sea level.Utilizing large-wall-thickness high-strength pipes at the top section significantly enhances the structural safety of the CWP system.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U23A20677,22022610 and 52400137)"Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D Program of Zhejiang (Nos.2022C03146 and 2023C03017)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2024T170805)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.LDT23E06015B06)the support of the Research Computing Center in College of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Zhejiang University for assistance with the calculations。
文摘Cuprous oxide(Cu_(2)O) is one of the most promising catalysts for electrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added C_(2) products.The efficiency of CO_(2)-to-C_(2) conversion is highly dependent on the Cu_(2)O crystal plane orientation and the corresponding adsorbed ^(*)CO species.Herein,we constructed high-index crystal planes(311) in Cu_(2)O(CO-Cu_(2)O) via a facile self-selective CO-induced strategy under a CO atmosphere,which was verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM) results.By exploiting the high surface energy of the high index crystal planes,^(*)CO species are stabilized in CO-Cu_(2)O during CO_(2)RR,resulting in exceptional catalytic performance for CO_(2)-to-C_(2)products.In situ infrared spectroscopy revealed that both atop-type(^(*)CO_(atop)) and hollow-type(^(*)CO_(hollow)) adsorption of ^(*)CO species occurred on the CO-Cu_(2)O.The asymmetric C-C coupling energy barrier between ^(*)CO_(atop) and ^(*)CO_(hollow) in(311) crystal plane decreases by 47.8 % compared to the symmetric coupling of ^(*)CO_(atop) in conventional(100) crystal planes.Consequently,the Faradaic efficiency of C_(2) products generated with CO-Cu_(2)O was increased by as high as 100 % compared to that with pristine Cu_(2)O.
基金the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(2023ZD05,2025JQ028,2025MS02001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278238,22238004)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0211400)the Major Science and Technology Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(20212120326)the“Elite Talents Revitalize Inner Mongolia”Initiative–Tier-1 Talent Team(202410)the Ordos Science and Technology Breakthrough(JBGS2024003),and Ordos Laboratory for their financial support.
文摘Methanol,a crucial C1 intermediate,bridges traditional fossil-based chemical processes with emerging sustainable catalytic technologies by serving as both a versatile hydrogenation product from CO/CO_(2)and an active intermediate for hydrocarbon synthesis.Despite significant progress in methanol-to-hydrocarbon(MTH)conversion,a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms remains essential to enhance catalyst design and industrial applicability.This review critically synthesizes recent advances in mechanistic insights related to methanol conversion and methanol-mediated catalytic processes.Firstly,we systematically outline key reaction pathways involved in initial carbon–carbon(C–C)bond formation through direct and indirect mechanisms,emphasizing significant breakthroughs from spectroscopic analyses and theoretical calculations.Subsequently,we highlight the autocatalytic characteristics and dual-cycle mechanisms underlying MTH processes,critically evaluating the roles of zeolite structures,pore sizes,topology,and acidity in governing product selectivity and catalyst stability.Additionally,we discuss cutting-edge developments in tandem catalytic systems employing methanol as a pivotal intermediate for CO_(x)hydrogenation,emphasizing the transferable mechanistic principles and catalytic insights.Finally,we identify future research directions,including elucidating precise hydrocarbon pool(HCP)intermediates,optimizing zeolite structures through computational-guided design,and developing robust catalytic systems leveraging advanced characterization methods and artificial intelligence.By integrating multidisciplinary approaches from catalytic science,materials engineering,and reaction engineering,this review provides actionable guidance towards rational design and optimization of advanced catalytic systems for efficient methanol conversion processes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40801231Knowledge Innovation Program of the CAS, No.KZCX2-YW-326-1+3 种基金 No.KZCX2-YW-305-2 No.KSCX1-YW-09-04National Key Technology R&D Program of China, No.2006BAC08B03 No.2006BAC08B06
文摘This article explores the factors and mechanism driving the land-use conversion at regional level by developing and using an econometric approach which is called the simultaneous equations model （SEM）. A case study in Jiangxi Province of China is conducted by establishing the SEM, which consists of three equations including agricultural production, land conversion of cultivated land to built-up area and land conversion of cultivated land to forest cover/grassland from 1988 to 2005. And then this paper employs the method of piecewise estimation to represent the influences of the factors such as population, society, economy, location and geophysical conditions on the process of land-use conversion in Jiangxi Province. Estimation results show that population is a predominant factor driving the land-use conversion at counties, while social and economic factors are determinant factors in the short term for the entire Jiangxi Province. Specifically, the size of agricultural population and the magnitude of agricultural input determine the agricultural production to a large extent; population size, plain area proportion at counties and land management policies together affect the direction and magnitude of conversion between cultivated land and built-up area; agricultural population proportion, terrain slope, grain production and non-agricultural industry promote the conversion of cultivated land to forest cover/grassland. Furthermore, the explored mechanism also reveals the underlying causes of the land use changes driven by a series of factors in Jiangxi Province. Finally, this paper concludes that factors proven to play an important role in driving the land-use conversion need to be considered when the land management agencies make out the land use planning to optimize the land use, expand the agricultural production, and conserve the cultivated land.
文摘Energy scarcity and environmental pollution are worldwide issues which plague human development.According to projections for economic development and population growth,global energy demand is anticipated to double by 2050 and triple by2100.Better energy storage and conversion are glorious but arduous missions in the 21st century.Although the fossil
文摘In order to solve the uncertainty of voice-to-color conversion in which one of the three voice features（loudness, tone, rhythm） is applied to control LED color, a linear conversion solution is proposed. And a chromaticity diagram is defined by using hue definition on hue-saturation-lightness（HSL） hue ring and the normalization of CIE xyY which is a color standard defined by International Commission on Illumination（CIE）. The chromaticity diagram shows a linear relation between pitch and color, which is referred to conversions of other physical parameters as well. Based on the solution, red（R）, green（G） and blue（B） LEDs, the driving structure of a conversion circuit is designed and set up. The results indicate that signal processing of tone-to-color conversion is effective, from 30 Hz to 3 kHz with a resolution of 10 Hz mapped to the chromaticity diagram.
基金supported by the Key Project of Guangzhou City,No.202206060002Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province,No.2018B030332001Guangdong Provincial Pearl River Project,No.2021ZT09Y552 (all to GC)。
文摘Direct in vivo conversion of astrocytes into functional new neurons induced by neural transcription factors has been recognized as a potential new therapeutic intervention for neural injury and degenerative disorders. However, a few recent studies have claimed that neural transcription factors cannot convert astrocytes into neurons, attributing the converted neurons to pre-existing neurons mis-expressing transgenes. In this study, we overexpressed three distinct neural transcription factors––NeuroD1, Ascl1, and Dlx2––in reactive astrocytes in mouse cortices subjected to stab injury, resulting in a series of significant changes in astrocyte properties. Initially, the three neural transcription factors were exclusively expressed in the nuclei of astrocytes. Over time, however, these astrocytes gradually adopted neuronal morphology, and the neural transcription factors was gradually observed in the nuclei of neuron-like cells instead of astrocytes. Furthermore,we noted that transcription factor-infected astrocytes showed a progressive decrease in the expression of astrocytic markers AQP4(astrocyte endfeet signal), CX43(gap junction signal), and S100β. Importantly, none of these changes could be attributed to transgene leakage into preexisting neurons. Therefore, our findings suggest that neural transcription factors such as NeuroD1, Ascl1, and Dlx2 can effectively convert reactive astrocytes into neurons in the adult mammalian brain.
