Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of mineral...Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.展开更多
The Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO)is a key atmospheric component connecting global weather and climate.It func-tions as a primary source for subseasonal forecasts.Previous studies have highlighted the vital impact of ...The Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO)is a key atmospheric component connecting global weather and climate.It func-tions as a primary source for subseasonal forecasts.Previous studies have highlighted the vital impact of oceanic processes on MJO propagation.However,few existing MJO prediction approaches adequately consider these factors.This study determines the critical region for the oceanic processes affecting MJO propagation by utilizing 22-year Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data.By intro-ducing surface and subsurface oceanic temperature within this critical region into a lagged multiple linear regression model,the MJO forecasting skill is considerably optimized.This optimization leads to a 12 h enhancement in the forecasting skill of the first principal component and efficiently decreases prediction errors for the total predictions.Further analysis suggests that,during the years in which MJO events propagate across the Maritime Continent over a more southerly path,the optimized statistical forecasting model obtains better improvements in MJO prediction.展开更多
Objective:Radical prostatectomy(RP)is considered the gold standard treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer(PCa).All patients undergoing RP,either open,laparoscopic,or robotic,are at risk of developing ur...Objective:Radical prostatectomy(RP)is considered the gold standard treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer(PCa).All patients undergoing RP,either open,laparoscopic,or robotic,are at risk of developing urinary incontinence after RP.Our study aimed to analyze possible predictors of early postoperative(within 3 months)urinary continence(UC)outcomes following extraperitoneal single-site robot-assisted RP(ss-RARP)for localized PCa.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed data from 113 patients with localized PCa who were operated on by a highly experienced surgeon between September 2022 and December 2023.Patient characteristics(age,body mass index,prostate volume,prostate dimensions,preoperative and postoperative membranous urethral length,and percentage of membranous urethra removed)were analyzed using logistic regression to determine the independent factors contributing to short-term UC recovery after extraperitoneal ss-RARP.From the time of urinary catheter removal after surgery,the recovery of UC was followed up every month,and UC was defined as using≤1 safety pad daily,known as social continence.Results:The proportions of continent patients immediately after urinary catheter removal,1 month,and 3 months after extraperitoneal ss-RARP were 22%,49%,and 82%,respectively.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage of membranous urethra removed(p=0.016)and prostate volume(p=0.049)were associated with social UC recovery immediately after urinary catheter removal,and craniocaudal dimension of the prostate(p=0.042)and age(p=0.014)were associated with social UC recovery 1 month and 3 months after extraperitoneal ss-RARP,respectively.Conclusion:The percentage of membranous urethra removed,prostate volume,craniocaudal dimension of the prostate,and age are independent risk factors for social UC early after extraperitoneal ss-RARP.展开更多
Based on conservation of energy principle and heat flow data in China continent, the upper limit of 1.3 μW/m3 heat production is obtained for continental crust in China. Furthermore, using the data of heat flow and h...Based on conservation of energy principle and heat flow data in China continent, the upper limit of 1.3 μW/m3 heat production is obtained for continental crust in China. Furthermore, using the data of heat flow and helium isotope ratio of underground fluid, the heat productions of different tectonic units in China continent are estimated in range of 0.58-1.12 μW/m3 with a median of 0.85 μW/m3. Accordingly, the contents of U, Th and K20 in China crust are in ranges of 0.83-1.76 μg/g, 3.16-6.69 μg/g, and 1.0%-2.12%, respectively. These results indicate that the abundance of radioactive elements in the crust of China continent is much higher than that of Archean crust; and this fact implies China＇s continental crust is much evolved in chemical composition. Meanwhile, significant lateral variation of crustal composition is also exhibited among different tectonic units in China continent. The crust of eastern China is much enriched in incompatible elements such as U, Th and K than that of western China; and the crust of orogenic belts is more enriched than that of platform regions. It can also be inferred that the crusts of eastern China and orogenic belts are much felsic than those of western China and platform regions, respectively, derived from the positive correlation between the heat production and SiO2 content of bulk crust. This deduction is consistent with the results derived from the crustal seismic velocity data in China. According to the facts of the lower seismic velocity of China than the average value of global crust, and the higher heat production of China continent compared with global crust composition models published by previous studies, it is deduced that the average composition models of global continent crust by Rudnick and Fountain （1995）, Rudnick and Gao （2003）, Weaver and Tarney （1984）, Shaw et al. （1986）, and Wedepohl （1995） overestimate the abundance of incompatible elements such as U, Th and K of continental crust.展开更多
Pelvic floor muscle exercise(PFME)is the most common con servative manageme nt for urinary incon tine nee(Ul)after radical prostatectomy(RP).However,whether the PFME guided by a therapist(G-PFME)can contribute to the ...Pelvic floor muscle exercise(PFME)is the most common con servative manageme nt for urinary incon tine nee(Ul)after radical prostatectomy(RP).However,whether the PFME guided by a therapist(G-PFME)can contribute to the recovery of urinary continenee for patients after RP is still controversial.We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of G-PFME on Ul after RP and to explore whether the additional preoperative G-PFME is superior to postoperative G-PFME alone.Literature search was con ducted on Cochra ne Library,Embase,Web of Scie nee,and PubMed,to obtai n all re leva nt randomized controlled trials published before March 1,2018.Outcome data were pooled and an a lyzed with Review Man ager 5.3 to compare the conti nence rates of G-PFME with control and to compare additional preoperative G-PFME with postoperative G-PFME.Twenty-two articles with 2647 patients were included.The conti nence rates of G?PFME were all superior to con trol at d iff ere nt follow-up time points,with the odds ratio(OR)(95%confidence interval[Cl])of 2.79(1.53-5.07),2.80(1.87-4.19),2.93(1.19-7.22),4.11(2.24-7.55),and 2.41(1.33-4.36)at 1 mon th,3 months,4 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery,respectively.However,there was no difference between additional preoperative G-PFME and postoperative G-PFME,with the OR(95%Cl)of 1.70(0.56-5.11)and 1.35(0.41-4.40)at 1 month and 3 months after RP,respectively.G-PFME could improve the recovery of urinary continence at both early and Iong-term stages.Starting the PFME preoperatively might not produce extra benefits for patients at early stage,compared with postoperative PFME.展开更多
The formation of continents involves a combination of magmatic and metamorphic processes. These processes become indistinguishable at the crust-mantle interface, where the pressure-temperature（P-T）conditions of（ul...The formation of continents involves a combination of magmatic and metamorphic processes. These processes become indistinguishable at the crust-mantle interface, where the pressure-temperature（P-T）conditions of（ultra） high-temperature granulites and magmatic rocks are similar. Continents grow laterally, by magmatic activity above oceanic subduction zones（high-pressure metamorphic setting）, and vertically by accumulation of mantle-derived magmas at the base of the crust（high-temperature metamorphic setting）. Both events are separated from each other in time; the vertical accretion postdating lateral growth by several tens of millions of years. Fluid inclusion data indicate that during the high-temperature metamorphic episode the granulite lower crust is invaded by large amounts of low H2O-activity fluids including high-density CO2 and concentrated saline solutions（brines）. These fluids are expelled from the lower crust to higher crustal levels at the end of the high-grade metamorphic event. The final amalgamation of supercontinents corresponds to episodes of ultra-high temperature metamorphism involving large-scale accumulation of these low-water activity fluids in the lower crust.This accumulation causes tectonic instability, which together with the heat input from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, leads to the disruption of supercontinents. Thus, the fragmentation of a supercontinent is already programmed at the time of its amalgamation.展开更多
The mantle unsteady flows, which are in an incompressible and isoviscous spherical shell, are investigated by using algorithms of the parallel Lagrange multiplier dissonant decomposition method (LMDDM) and the paralle...The mantle unsteady flows, which are in an incompressible and isoviscous spherical shell, are investigated by using algorithms of the parallel Lagrange multiplier dissonant decomposition method (LMDDM) and the parallel Lagrange multiplier discontinuous deformation analyses (LMDDA) in this paper. Some physical fields about mantle flows such as velocity, pressure, temperature, stress and the force to the crust of the Asian continent are calculated on a parallel computer.展开更多
Objective:Bladder neck contracture and vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis are difficult to manage endoscopically,and open repair is associated with high rates of incontinence.In recent years,there have been increasin...Objective:Bladder neck contracture and vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis are difficult to manage endoscopically,and open repair is associated with high rates of incontinence.In recent years,there have been increasing reports of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction in the literature.However,existing studies are small,heterogeneous case series.The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction to better evaluate patency and incontinence outcomes.Methods:We performed a systematic review of PubMed from first available date to May 2023 for all studies evaluating robotic-assisted reconstructive surgery of the bladder neck in adult men.Articles in non-English,author replies,editorials,pediatric-based studies,and reviews were excluded.Outcomes of interest were patency and incontinence rates,which were pooled when appropriate.Results:After identifying 158 articles on initial search,we included only ten studies that fit all aforementioned criteria for robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction.All were case series published from March 2018 to March 2022 ranging from six to 32 men,with the median follow-up of 5e23 months.A total of 119 patients were included in our analysis.A variety of etiologies and surgical techniques were described.Patency rates ranged from 50%to 100%,and pooled patency was 80%(95/119).De novo incontinence rates ranged from 0%to 33%,and pooled incontinence was 17%(8/47).Our findings were limited by small sample sizes,relatively short follow-ups,and heterogeneity between studies.展开更多
Continent-continent collision is the most important driving mechanism for the occurrence of various geological processes in the continental lithosphere. How to recognize and determine continent-continent collision, es...Continent-continent collision is the most important driving mechanism for the occurrence of various geological processes in the continental lithosphere. How to recognize and determine continent-continent collision, especially its four-dimensional temporal-spatial evolution, is a subject that geological communities have long been concerned about and studied. Continent-continent collision is mainly manifested by strong underthrusting (subduction) of the underlying block along an intracontinental subduction zone and continuous obduction (thrusting propagation) of the overlying block along the intracontinental subduction zone, the occurrence of a basin-range tectonic framework in a direction perpendicular to the subduction zone and the flexure and disruption of the Moho. On the basis of numerical modeling, the authors discuss in detail the couplings between various amounts and rates of displacement caused by basin subsidence, mountain uplift and Moho updoming and downflexure during obduction (thrusting propagation) and subduction and the migration pattern of basin centers. They are probably indications or criteria for judgment or determination of continent-continent collision.展开更多
Worldwide comparison of lithospheric investigation results achieved from projects of COCORP, BIRPS, DEKORP, LITHOPROBE, ICDP, ECORS and SINOPROBE enables us to expand the classical Wilson cycle, which mainly describes...Worldwide comparison of lithospheric investigation results achieved from projects of COCORP, BIRPS, DEKORP, LITHOPROBE, ICDP, ECORS and SINOPROBE enables us to expand the classical Wilson cycle, which mainly describes evolution of ocean plates, into a complete and detailed cycle that describes generation, development and evolution of both ocean and continent plates. The expanded Wilson cycle presented in this paper introduces the evolution sequences of continental lithospheric processes by adding into the classical Wilson cycle with ocean-continent transition, continental collision and accretion, as well as continental rifting and splitting in details. These mentioned continental lithospheric processes have been presented by the author in a series of recent review papers in detail, and their summary and further deduction is presented in this paper.展开更多
The North Qaidam UHPM（ultra-high pressure metamorphism） belt is a typical continental subduction-collision belt containing continental crust deep subduction metamorphic products and oceanic crust relics, And it is a...The North Qaidam UHPM（ultra-high pressure metamorphism） belt is a typical continental subduction-collision belt containing continental crust deep subduction metamorphic products and oceanic crust relics, And it is an ideal region to study the ocean-continent transition and exhumation mechanism of oceanic UHP rocks during continental deep subduction process. In this paper, we report integrated in situ U-Pb, Lu-Hf and O isotope analyses of zircons from a serpentinized harzburgite as well as U-Pb dating for zircons from a kyanite eclogite from the North Qaidam Dulan UHPM terrane, and use these data to discuss the ocean-continent transition and exhumation mechanisms of oceanic UHP rocks during continental deep subduction. The serpentinized harzburgite was dated at 448±9 Ma, consistent with 455±5 Ma age for the kyanite eclogite within analytical errors. Zircons from the serpentinized harzburgite have uniform 176Hf/177 Hf values ranging from 0.282 842 to 0.282 883 and εHf（t） values from 11.6 to 13.3. Zircon δ^18O values of the serpentinized harzburgite vary from 4.47‰ to 5.29‰, slightly lower than the value of 5.3‰±0.6‰ for the normal mantle zircon. These Hf-O isotopic features indicate that the protolith of the serpentinized harzburgite was derived from depleted-mantle source, and might have experienced high-temperature rock-water interaction. Therefore, the serpentinized harzburgite was possibly located in the lower part of an oceanic section. The serpentinized harzburgite and kyanite eclogite were both formed due to the subduction of oceanic crust. The UHP metamorphism occurred successively from the oceanic crust to continental crust rocks of the North Qaidam UHP terrane. Low-density serpentinized peridotite and continental rocks possibly have negative buoyancy and play a key effect on preservation and exhumation of high-density oceanic eclogite.展开更多
The key technology of semi-continuous conveyor system decides the successful using of this system. The key technology includes optimal initial building depth of this system,the crusher moving step and the layout of co...The key technology of semi-continuous conveyor system decides the successful using of this system. The key technology includes optimal initial building depth of this system,the crusher moving step and the layout of conveyor system are studied, and their calculating models are built up.展开更多
We investigate the evolution of stress fields during the supercontinent cycle using the 2D Cartesian geometry model of thermochemical convection with the non-Newtonian rheology in the presence of floating deformable c...We investigate the evolution of stress fields during the supercontinent cycle using the 2D Cartesian geometry model of thermochemical convection with the non-Newtonian rheology in the presence of floating deformable continents.In the course of the simulation,the supercontinent cycle is implemented several times.The number of continents considered in our model as a function of time oscillates around 3.The lifetime of a supercontinent depends on its dimension.Our results suggest that immediately before a supercontinent breakup,the over-lithostatic horizontal stresses in it(referring to the mean value by the computational area)are tensile and can reach-250 MPa.At the same time,a vast area beneath a supercontinent with an upward flow exhibits clearly the over-lithostatic compressive horizontal stresses of 50-100 МРа.The reason for the difference in stresses in the supercontinent and the underlying mantle is a sharp difference in their viscosity.In large parts of the mantle,the over-lithostatic horizontal stresses are in the range of±25 MPa,while the horizontal stresses along subduction zones and continental margins are significantly larger.During the process of continent-to-continent collisions,the compressive stresses can approximately reach 130 MPa,while within the subcontinental mantle,the tensile over-lithostatic stresses are about-50 MPa.The dynamic topography reflects the main features of the su-percontinent cycle and correlates with real ones.Before the breakup and immediately after the disin-tegration of the supercontinent,continents experience maximum uplift.During the supercontinent cycle,topographic heights of continents typically vary within the interval of about±1.5 km,relatively to a mean value.Topographic maxima of orogenic formations to about 2-4 km are detected along continent-to-continent collisions as well as when adjacent subduction zones interact with continental margins.展开更多
Based on the comprehensive study of geology and geophysics in African continent,three types of lithosphere(craton-type,orogenic-type and rift-type)can be identified.Considering lithosphere discontinuities as the bound...Based on the comprehensive study of geology and geophysics in African continent,three types of lithosphere(craton-type,orogenic-type and rift-type)can be identified.Considering lithosphere discontinuities as the boundary,two first-order tectonic units(mainly cratonic-type in the west and rift-type in the east)are proposed.Different types of lithosphere can be divided into secondary-order and third-order structural units,and the blocks within lithosphere can be further divided into fourth-order structural units.The geological history,the formation process and significance of different types of lithosphere in African continent are briefly discussed.展开更多
Since the end of the Paleozoic, various crustobodies of the Asian continental lithosphere have successively undergone activation, resulting in the formation of widespread diwa-regime mobile belts. This is one of the i...Since the end of the Paleozoic, various crustobodies of the Asian continental lithosphere have successively undergone activation, resulting in the formation of widespread diwa-regime mobile belts. This is one of the important events in the evolution-movement history of the Asian continental lithosphere, occupies an important position in the problems of global tectonics and forms a frontier subject in modern geoscience. This paper, from an angle of crustobody geotectonics, discusses the following problems: formation time, distribution 1imits, types, development peculiarities and geotectonic significance of the diwa-regime tectonic element ; geochemical conditions of ore formation, principal mineral associations and ma jor deposit types in diwa structures of the Asian continent and their difference from those in other tectonic elements i and relationships between diwa-type metallogenesis and polygenetic compound and ultragiant ore deposits. Such a discussion can contribute to a better understanding of the tectonic types, distribution pattern and economic value of non-ferrous and rare meta1 endogenic ore deposits, peat, lignite and oil-gas fields.展开更多
Around 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans with depths that exceed several kilometers, while continents are geographically enclosed by these vast bodies of water. The principle of fluid mechanics stipulat...Around 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans with depths that exceed several kilometers, while continents are geographically enclosed by these vast bodies of water. The principle of fluid mechanics stipulates that water yields pressure everywhere in the container that holds it, and the water pressure against the wall of container generates force. Ocean basins are naturally gigantic containers of water, in which continents form the walls of the containers. In this study, we present that the ocean water pressure against the walls of continents generates enormous force, and determine the distribution of this force around continents and estimate its amplitude to be of the order of 1017 N per kilometer of continent width. Our modelling suggests that the stresses yielded by this force are mostly concentrated on the upper part of the continental crust, and their magnitudes reach up to 2.0 - 6.0 MPa. Our results suggest that the force may have significantly impacted the dynamics of continent (lithospheric plate) and its evolution.展开更多
Wound ostomy continence nurses(WOC nurses),developed as an important part of clinical nurse specialists play an indispensable role in the management of ostomy,all kinds of chronic wounds and incontinent dermatitis.How...Wound ostomy continence nurses(WOC nurses),developed as an important part of clinical nurse specialists play an indispensable role in the management of ostomy,all kinds of chronic wounds and incontinent dermatitis.However,there exists a gap compared with developed countries and regions.This paper provides an overview of WOC nurses in China including origin and development,training and accreditation system,roles,values and management,in order to provide references for the development of WOC nurses in China.展开更多
基金funded by geological survey project of China Geological Survey(DD20211404)。
文摘Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.
基金supported by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Science(Nos.2022YFF0801702 and 2022YFE0106600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42175060 and 42175021)the Jiangsu Province Science Foundation(No.BK20250200302).
文摘The Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO)is a key atmospheric component connecting global weather and climate.It func-tions as a primary source for subseasonal forecasts.Previous studies have highlighted the vital impact of oceanic processes on MJO propagation.However,few existing MJO prediction approaches adequately consider these factors.This study determines the critical region for the oceanic processes affecting MJO propagation by utilizing 22-year Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data.By intro-ducing surface and subsurface oceanic temperature within this critical region into a lagged multiple linear regression model,the MJO forecasting skill is considerably optimized.This optimization leads to a 12 h enhancement in the forecasting skill of the first principal component and efficiently decreases prediction errors for the total predictions.Further analysis suggests that,during the years in which MJO events propagate across the Maritime Continent over a more southerly path,the optimized statistical forecasting model obtains better improvements in MJO prediction.
文摘Objective:Radical prostatectomy(RP)is considered the gold standard treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer(PCa).All patients undergoing RP,either open,laparoscopic,or robotic,are at risk of developing urinary incontinence after RP.Our study aimed to analyze possible predictors of early postoperative(within 3 months)urinary continence(UC)outcomes following extraperitoneal single-site robot-assisted RP(ss-RARP)for localized PCa.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed data from 113 patients with localized PCa who were operated on by a highly experienced surgeon between September 2022 and December 2023.Patient characteristics(age,body mass index,prostate volume,prostate dimensions,preoperative and postoperative membranous urethral length,and percentage of membranous urethra removed)were analyzed using logistic regression to determine the independent factors contributing to short-term UC recovery after extraperitoneal ss-RARP.From the time of urinary catheter removal after surgery,the recovery of UC was followed up every month,and UC was defined as using≤1 safety pad daily,known as social continence.Results:The proportions of continent patients immediately after urinary catheter removal,1 month,and 3 months after extraperitoneal ss-RARP were 22%,49%,and 82%,respectively.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage of membranous urethra removed(p=0.016)and prostate volume(p=0.049)were associated with social UC recovery immediately after urinary catheter removal,and craniocaudal dimension of the prostate(p=0.042)and age(p=0.014)were associated with social UC recovery 1 month and 3 months after extraperitoneal ss-RARP,respectively.Conclusion:The percentage of membranous urethra removed,prostate volume,craniocaudal dimension of the prostate,and age are independent risk factors for social UC early after extraperitoneal ss-RARP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 40376013, 40572128, and 40104003)
文摘Based on conservation of energy principle and heat flow data in China continent, the upper limit of 1.3 μW/m3 heat production is obtained for continental crust in China. Furthermore, using the data of heat flow and helium isotope ratio of underground fluid, the heat productions of different tectonic units in China continent are estimated in range of 0.58-1.12 μW/m3 with a median of 0.85 μW/m3. Accordingly, the contents of U, Th and K20 in China crust are in ranges of 0.83-1.76 μg/g, 3.16-6.69 μg/g, and 1.0%-2.12%, respectively. These results indicate that the abundance of radioactive elements in the crust of China continent is much higher than that of Archean crust; and this fact implies China＇s continental crust is much evolved in chemical composition. Meanwhile, significant lateral variation of crustal composition is also exhibited among different tectonic units in China continent. The crust of eastern China is much enriched in incompatible elements such as U, Th and K than that of western China; and the crust of orogenic belts is more enriched than that of platform regions. It can also be inferred that the crusts of eastern China and orogenic belts are much felsic than those of western China and platform regions, respectively, derived from the positive correlation between the heat production and SiO2 content of bulk crust. This deduction is consistent with the results derived from the crustal seismic velocity data in China. According to the facts of the lower seismic velocity of China than the average value of global crust, and the higher heat production of China continent compared with global crust composition models published by previous studies, it is deduced that the average composition models of global continent crust by Rudnick and Fountain （1995）, Rudnick and Gao （2003）, Weaver and Tarney （1984）, Shaw et al. （1986）, and Wedepohl （1995） overestimate the abundance of incompatible elements such as U, Th and K of continental crust.
基金a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71573097).
文摘Pelvic floor muscle exercise(PFME)is the most common con servative manageme nt for urinary incon tine nee(Ul)after radical prostatectomy(RP).However,whether the PFME guided by a therapist(G-PFME)can contribute to the recovery of urinary continenee for patients after RP is still controversial.We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of G-PFME on Ul after RP and to explore whether the additional preoperative G-PFME is superior to postoperative G-PFME alone.Literature search was con ducted on Cochra ne Library,Embase,Web of Scie nee,and PubMed,to obtai n all re leva nt randomized controlled trials published before March 1,2018.Outcome data were pooled and an a lyzed with Review Man ager 5.3 to compare the conti nence rates of G-PFME with control and to compare additional preoperative G-PFME with postoperative G-PFME.Twenty-two articles with 2647 patients were included.The conti nence rates of G?PFME were all superior to con trol at d iff ere nt follow-up time points,with the odds ratio(OR)(95%confidence interval[Cl])of 2.79(1.53-5.07),2.80(1.87-4.19),2.93(1.19-7.22),4.11(2.24-7.55),and 2.41(1.33-4.36)at 1 mon th,3 months,4 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery,respectively.However,there was no difference between additional preoperative G-PFME and postoperative G-PFME,with the OR(95%Cl)of 1.70(0.56-5.11)and 1.35(0.41-4.40)at 1 month and 3 months after RP,respectively.G-PFME could improve the recovery of urinary continence at both early and Iong-term stages.Starting the PFME preoperatively might not produce extra benefits for patients at early stage,compared with postoperative PFME.
文摘The formation of continents involves a combination of magmatic and metamorphic processes. These processes become indistinguishable at the crust-mantle interface, where the pressure-temperature（P-T）conditions of（ultra） high-temperature granulites and magmatic rocks are similar. Continents grow laterally, by magmatic activity above oceanic subduction zones（high-pressure metamorphic setting）, and vertically by accumulation of mantle-derived magmas at the base of the crust（high-temperature metamorphic setting）. Both events are separated from each other in time; the vertical accretion postdating lateral growth by several tens of millions of years. Fluid inclusion data indicate that during the high-temperature metamorphic episode the granulite lower crust is invaded by large amounts of low H2O-activity fluids including high-density CO2 and concentrated saline solutions（brines）. These fluids are expelled from the lower crust to higher crustal levels at the end of the high-grade metamorphic event. The final amalgamation of supercontinents corresponds to episodes of ultra-high temperature metamorphism involving large-scale accumulation of these low-water activity fluids in the lower crust.This accumulation causes tectonic instability, which together with the heat input from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, leads to the disruption of supercontinents. Thus, the fragmentation of a supercontinent is already programmed at the time of its amalgamation.
基金State Climbing Project (95-S-05-02) and State Natural Science Foundation of China (49724232).
文摘The mantle unsteady flows, which are in an incompressible and isoviscous spherical shell, are investigated by using algorithms of the parallel Lagrange multiplier dissonant decomposition method (LMDDM) and the parallel Lagrange multiplier discontinuous deformation analyses (LMDDA) in this paper. Some physical fields about mantle flows such as velocity, pressure, temperature, stress and the force to the crust of the Asian continent are calculated on a parallel computer.
文摘Objective:Bladder neck contracture and vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis are difficult to manage endoscopically,and open repair is associated with high rates of incontinence.In recent years,there have been increasing reports of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction in the literature.However,existing studies are small,heterogeneous case series.The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction to better evaluate patency and incontinence outcomes.Methods:We performed a systematic review of PubMed from first available date to May 2023 for all studies evaluating robotic-assisted reconstructive surgery of the bladder neck in adult men.Articles in non-English,author replies,editorials,pediatric-based studies,and reviews were excluded.Outcomes of interest were patency and incontinence rates,which were pooled when appropriate.Results:After identifying 158 articles on initial search,we included only ten studies that fit all aforementioned criteria for robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction.All were case series published from March 2018 to March 2022 ranging from six to 32 men,with the median follow-up of 5e23 months.A total of 119 patients were included in our analysis.A variety of etiologies and surgical techniques were described.Patency rates ranged from 50%to 100%,and pooled patency was 80%(95/119).De novo incontinence rates ranged from 0%to 33%,and pooled incontinence was 17%(8/47).Our findings were limited by small sample sizes,relatively short follow-ups,and heterogeneity between studies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 19972072)Project of the Open Laboratory of Continental Geodynamics of the Ministry of Land and Resources(grant 9812) Stat Project 305 rgrant 96—915—06—04).
文摘Continent-continent collision is the most important driving mechanism for the occurrence of various geological processes in the continental lithosphere. How to recognize and determine continent-continent collision, especially its four-dimensional temporal-spatial evolution, is a subject that geological communities have long been concerned about and studied. Continent-continent collision is mainly manifested by strong underthrusting (subduction) of the underlying block along an intracontinental subduction zone and continuous obduction (thrusting propagation) of the overlying block along the intracontinental subduction zone, the occurrence of a basin-range tectonic framework in a direction perpendicular to the subduction zone and the flexure and disruption of the Moho. On the basis of numerical modeling, the authors discuss in detail the couplings between various amounts and rates of displacement caused by basin subsidence, mountain uplift and Moho updoming and downflexure during obduction (thrusting propagation) and subduction and the migration pattern of basin centers. They are probably indications or criteria for judgment or determination of continent-continent collision.
文摘Worldwide comparison of lithospheric investigation results achieved from projects of COCORP, BIRPS, DEKORP, LITHOPROBE, ICDP, ECORS and SINOPROBE enables us to expand the classical Wilson cycle, which mainly describes evolution of ocean plates, into a complete and detailed cycle that describes generation, development and evolution of both ocean and continent plates. The expanded Wilson cycle presented in this paper introduces the evolution sequences of continental lithospheric processes by adding into the classical Wilson cycle with ocean-continent transition, continental collision and accretion, as well as continental rifting and splitting in details. These mentioned continental lithospheric processes have been presented by the author in a series of recent review papers in detail, and their summary and further deduction is presented in this paper.
文摘The North Qaidam UHPM（ultra-high pressure metamorphism） belt is a typical continental subduction-collision belt containing continental crust deep subduction metamorphic products and oceanic crust relics, And it is an ideal region to study the ocean-continent transition and exhumation mechanism of oceanic UHP rocks during continental deep subduction process. In this paper, we report integrated in situ U-Pb, Lu-Hf and O isotope analyses of zircons from a serpentinized harzburgite as well as U-Pb dating for zircons from a kyanite eclogite from the North Qaidam Dulan UHPM terrane, and use these data to discuss the ocean-continent transition and exhumation mechanisms of oceanic UHP rocks during continental deep subduction. The serpentinized harzburgite was dated at 448±9 Ma, consistent with 455±5 Ma age for the kyanite eclogite within analytical errors. Zircons from the serpentinized harzburgite have uniform 176Hf/177 Hf values ranging from 0.282 842 to 0.282 883 and εHf（t） values from 11.6 to 13.3. Zircon δ^18O values of the serpentinized harzburgite vary from 4.47‰ to 5.29‰, slightly lower than the value of 5.3‰±0.6‰ for the normal mantle zircon. These Hf-O isotopic features indicate that the protolith of the serpentinized harzburgite was derived from depleted-mantle source, and might have experienced high-temperature rock-water interaction. Therefore, the serpentinized harzburgite was possibly located in the lower part of an oceanic section. The serpentinized harzburgite and kyanite eclogite were both formed due to the subduction of oceanic crust. The UHP metamorphism occurred successively from the oceanic crust to continental crust rocks of the North Qaidam UHP terrane. Low-density serpentinized peridotite and continental rocks possibly have negative buoyancy and play a key effect on preservation and exhumation of high-density oceanic eclogite.
文摘The key technology of semi-continuous conveyor system decides the successful using of this system. The key technology includes optimal initial building depth of this system,the crusher moving step and the layout of conveyor system are studied, and their calculating models are built up.
文摘We investigate the evolution of stress fields during the supercontinent cycle using the 2D Cartesian geometry model of thermochemical convection with the non-Newtonian rheology in the presence of floating deformable continents.In the course of the simulation,the supercontinent cycle is implemented several times.The number of continents considered in our model as a function of time oscillates around 3.The lifetime of a supercontinent depends on its dimension.Our results suggest that immediately before a supercontinent breakup,the over-lithostatic horizontal stresses in it(referring to the mean value by the computational area)are tensile and can reach-250 MPa.At the same time,a vast area beneath a supercontinent with an upward flow exhibits clearly the over-lithostatic compressive horizontal stresses of 50-100 МРа.The reason for the difference in stresses in the supercontinent and the underlying mantle is a sharp difference in their viscosity.In large parts of the mantle,the over-lithostatic horizontal stresses are in the range of±25 MPa,while the horizontal stresses along subduction zones and continental margins are significantly larger.During the process of continent-to-continent collisions,the compressive stresses can approximately reach 130 MPa,while within the subcontinental mantle,the tensile over-lithostatic stresses are about-50 MPa.The dynamic topography reflects the main features of the su-percontinent cycle and correlates with real ones.Before the breakup and immediately after the disin-tegration of the supercontinent,continents experience maximum uplift.During the supercontinent cycle,topographic heights of continents typically vary within the interval of about±1.5 km,relatively to a mean value.Topographic maxima of orogenic formations to about 2-4 km are detected along continent-to-continent collisions as well as when adjacent subduction zones interact with continental margins.
基金supported by the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(ISTCP)(2011DFA22460)China Geological Survey(DD20190370)Geological Exploration Fund Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,P.R.China([2020]YS-01).
文摘Based on the comprehensive study of geology and geophysics in African continent,three types of lithosphere(craton-type,orogenic-type and rift-type)can be identified.Considering lithosphere discontinuities as the boundary,two first-order tectonic units(mainly cratonic-type in the west and rift-type in the east)are proposed.Different types of lithosphere can be divided into secondary-order and third-order structural units,and the blocks within lithosphere can be further divided into fourth-order structural units.The geological history,the formation process and significance of different types of lithosphere in African continent are briefly discussed.
文摘Since the end of the Paleozoic, various crustobodies of the Asian continental lithosphere have successively undergone activation, resulting in the formation of widespread diwa-regime mobile belts. This is one of the important events in the evolution-movement history of the Asian continental lithosphere, occupies an important position in the problems of global tectonics and forms a frontier subject in modern geoscience. This paper, from an angle of crustobody geotectonics, discusses the following problems: formation time, distribution 1imits, types, development peculiarities and geotectonic significance of the diwa-regime tectonic element ; geochemical conditions of ore formation, principal mineral associations and ma jor deposit types in diwa structures of the Asian continent and their difference from those in other tectonic elements i and relationships between diwa-type metallogenesis and polygenetic compound and ultragiant ore deposits. Such a discussion can contribute to a better understanding of the tectonic types, distribution pattern and economic value of non-ferrous and rare meta1 endogenic ore deposits, peat, lignite and oil-gas fields.
文摘Around 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans with depths that exceed several kilometers, while continents are geographically enclosed by these vast bodies of water. The principle of fluid mechanics stipulates that water yields pressure everywhere in the container that holds it, and the water pressure against the wall of container generates force. Ocean basins are naturally gigantic containers of water, in which continents form the walls of the containers. In this study, we present that the ocean water pressure against the walls of continents generates enormous force, and determine the distribution of this force around continents and estimate its amplitude to be of the order of 1017 N per kilometer of continent width. Our modelling suggests that the stresses yielded by this force are mostly concentrated on the upper part of the continental crust, and their magnitudes reach up to 2.0 - 6.0 MPa. Our results suggest that the force may have significantly impacted the dynamics of continent (lithospheric plate) and its evolution.
文摘Wound ostomy continence nurses(WOC nurses),developed as an important part of clinical nurse specialists play an indispensable role in the management of ostomy,all kinds of chronic wounds and incontinent dermatitis.However,there exists a gap compared with developed countries and regions.This paper provides an overview of WOC nurses in China including origin and development,training and accreditation system,roles,values and management,in order to provide references for the development of WOC nurses in China.
