Hybrid Excited Flux Switching Machines(HEFSMs)unique feature of high torque density(T_(den))of Permanent Magnet(PM)machines and flux regulation capability of wound field excitation machines.Due to aforesaid unique fea...Hybrid Excited Flux Switching Machines(HEFSMs)unique feature of high torque density(T_(den))of Permanent Magnet(PM)machines and flux regulation capability of wound field excitation machines.Due to aforesaid unique features,stator active HEFSMs are preferred for EV/HEV applications.In this paper a new Segmented PM Consequent Pole HE-FSM(SPMCPHEFSM)with flux bridge is proposed for EV/HEV.The developed SPMCPHEFSM exhibits improved flux modulation and flux regulation capability at reduced PM usage(suppressed PM volume by 46.52%and PM cost by 46.48%)and eliminating stator leakage flux.First,SPMCPHEFSM is geometric optimized(GO)for investigating influence of leading design with key performance indicators such as flux linkage(Ф_(pp)),average torque(T_(avg)),cogging torque(T_(cog)),T_(den),average power(P_(avg))and power density(P_(den))and then proceeded optimized model to structure modification for optimal stator design and position of field excitation coils(FEC).Comprehensive performance analysis reveals that the developed SPMCPHEFSM show improvedФ_(pp)maximum up to 9.11%,improved T_(avg)maximum up to 23.63%,truncate T_(cog)up to 18.9%whereas T_(den)and P_(den)are boost up to 23.55%and 89.72%respectively.展开更多
Unique double salient structure of Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machines(PMFSM)with both Concentrated Armature inding(CAW)and Permanent Magnet(PM)on stator attract researcher's interest for high speed brushless...Unique double salient structure of Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machines(PMFSM)with both Concentrated Armature inding(CAW)and Permanent Magnet(PM)on stator attract researcher's interest for high speed brushless application when high torque density(T den)and power density(P den)are the primal requirements.However,despite of stator leakage flux,high rare-earth PM usage,PMFSM is subjected to slot effects due to presence of both PM and CAW in stator and partial saturation due to double salient structure which generates cogging torque(T cog),torque ripples(Trip)and lower average torque(T avg).To overcomne aforesaid demerits,this paper presents Partitioned PM(PPM)Consequent Pole Flux Switching Machine(PPM-CPFSM)with flux barriers to enhance flux mnodulation,curtail PM usage and diminish stator leakage flux which reduces slotting effects and partial saturation to ultimately reduces T cog and Trip In comparison with the existing state of the art,proposed PPM-CPFSM reduces 46.5390 of the total PM volumne and offer Tavg higher up to 88.8%,suppress Trip naximun up to 24.8%,diminish Tcog up to 22.74%and offer 2.45 times Tden and Pden.Furthermore,torque characteristics of proposed PPM-CPFSM is investigated utilizing space harmonics injection i.e.inverse cosine,inverse cosine with 3rd harmonics and rotor pole shaping techniques i.e.,ecce ntric circle,chanfering and notching.Detailed electromagnetic perfornance analysis reveals that harmonics injection suppressed Tcog maximun up to 83.5%,Trip up to 40.72%at the cost of 4.71%Tavg.Finally,rotor mnechanical stress analysis is utilized for rotor withstand capability and 3D-FEA based Coupled Elctromagnetic Thermal Analysis(CETA)for thermal behavior of the developed PPM CPFSM.CETA reveals that open space along PPM act as cooling duct that inprove heat dissipation.展开更多
Due to double salient structure,Flux Switching Machines(FSMs)are preferred for brushless AC high speed applications.Permanent Magnet(PM)FSMs(PM-FSMs)are suited applicants where high torque density(Tden)and power densi...Due to double salient structure,Flux Switching Machines(FSMs)are preferred for brushless AC high speed applications.Permanent Magnet(PM)FSMs(PM-FSMs)are suited applicants where high torque density(Tden)and power density(Pden)are the utmost requisite.However conventional PM-FSMs utilizes excessive rare earth PM volume VPM,higher cogging torque Tcog,high torque ripples(Trip)and comparatively lower(Tden)and Pden due to flux leakage.To overcome the aforesaid demerits,a new high(Tden)Segmented PM Consequent Pole(CP)FSM(SPMCPFSM)with flux bridge and barrier is proposed which successfully reduces VPM by 46.52%and PM cost by 46.48%.Moreover,Multi-Objective Optimization(MOO)examines electromagnetic performance due to variation in geometric parameters for global optimum parameters with key metric such as flux linkage(Φpp),flux harmonics(ΦTHD)average torque(Tavg),Tcog,Trip,Tden,average power(Pavg)and Pden.Analysis reveals that MOO improveΦpp by 22.68%,boost Tavg by 11.41%,enhanced Pavg by 4.55%and increased Tden and Pden by 11.41%.Detailed electromagnetic performance comparison with existing state of the art shows that proposed SPMCPFSM offer Tavg maximum up to 88.8%,truncate Trip up to 24.8%,suppress Tcog up to 22.74%,and results 2.45 times Tden and Pden.展开更多
Transverse-flux machines have the advantage of high force density owing to the peculiarity of decoupling of electric loading and magnetic loading.In this paper,a novel consequent-pole transverse-flux permanent magnet ...Transverse-flux machines have the advantage of high force density owing to the peculiarity of decoupling of electric loading and magnetic loading.In this paper,a novel consequent-pole transverse-flux permanent magnet linear machine(CP-TFPMLM)is proposed and investigated.The origination of the proposed machine is from an existing transverse-flux flux-reversal linear machine(TF-FRLM),by partially replacing permanent magnet poles with soft magnetic iron for further reducing the cost of magnets.The fundamental structure and operating principle are introduced at first.The electromagnetic performance,including back EMF,detent force,and thrust force,are investigated with the finite element method.The proposed machine can achieve similar performance as compared to the TF-FRLM but with half of the magnets are used.展开更多
The control effects of different occurrence faults on oil and gas accumulation and distribution in the outer slope area of oil and gas reservoirs were studied taking the south-central Wen’an slope of the Jizhong depr...The control effects of different occurrence faults on oil and gas accumulation and distribution in the outer slope area of oil and gas reservoirs were studied taking the south-central Wen’an slope of the Jizhong depression in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example.Based on 3D seismic data and the distribution of oil and water,the controlling differences between consequent fault and antithetic fault were analyzed and compared from the formation and evolution rule of faults and the formation mechanism of fault traps,including development positions of the consequent fault traps and antithetic fault traps,oil and gas distribution horizon adjusted by fault and formation period of fault traps.The differences between consequent faults and antithetic faults in controlling reservoirs have three main aspects:(1)Consequent fault traps and antithetic fault traps are in different positions,the consequent fault traps are at the segmented growing point in the hanging wall of"hard-linkage"faults,while the antithetic fault traps are developed in the position with the largest throw in the footwall because of tilting action;(2)The two kinds of faults result in different oil and gas distribution vertically,oil and gas adjusted by consequent faults is distributed in a single layer or multi-layers,while oil and gas adjusted by antithetic faults occur in single layers;(3)The two kinds of fault traps are formed in different periods,the consequent fault traps are formed at the time when the related faults enter the stage of"hard-linkage",while the antithetic fault traps are formed at the beginning of the fault active period.展开更多
Silica-coated carbonyl iron particles （CIPs） are fabricated with the Stober method to improve their heat-resistance and wave-aSsorption properties. The morphology, heat-resistance, electromagnetic properties and mic...Silica-coated carbonyl iron particles （CIPs） are fabricated with the Stober method to improve their heat-resistance and wave-aSsorption properties. The morphology, heat-resistance, electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption of raw-CIPs and silica-coated CIPs are investigated using a scanning electron microscope, an energy dispersive spectrometer, a thermal-gravimetric analyzer, and a network analyzer. The results show that the heat-resistance of silica-coated CIPs is better than that of raw CIFs. The reflection losses exceeding -lOdB of silica-coated CIPs are obtained in the frequency range 9.5-12.4 GHz for the absorber thickness of 2.3 mm, and the same reflection losses of uncoated CIPs reach the data in the lower frequency range for the same thickness. The enhanced microwave absorption of silica-coated CIPs can be ascribed to the combination of proper electromagnetic impedance match and the decrease of dielectric permittivity.展开更多
Nowadays,there is considerable research interest in proposing modern permanent magnet(PM)electric machine structures for applications such as electric vehicles.Several radial and axial topologies with different arrang...Nowadays,there is considerable research interest in proposing modern permanent magnet(PM)electric machine structures for applications such as electric vehicles.Several radial and axial topologies with different arrangements of PM in the stator and rotor have been introduced for PM Vernier motors(PMVM)with the aim of increasing the performance characteristics such as power factor,efficiency,rotational torque torque density and wider constant torque-speed region.Meanwhile,the spoke PM arrangement has provided higher torque density than the surface and V-shaped arrangement.But in contrast,the V-shaped arrangement has a more sinusoidal flux and less cogging torque.In this paper,a 620 W,12-slot 16-pole Vernier PM motor with a fractional slot arrangement.Consequent K-shaped pole is introduced,which has the advantages of spoke and V-shaped magnetic arrangements.After presenting and confirming the concept of the proposed structure based on functional comparison with conventional structures,an analytical modeling based on the harmonic analysis method is introduced to accurately predict the performance of the machine,and finally the proposed structure is prototyped and the experimental results are simulated and modeling are compared.展开更多
Let d and n are positive integers, n≥2,1≤d≤ 2.In this paper we obtain that the set of the 2 - common consequent of primitive digraphs of order n with exact d vertices having loop is{1,2,…, n-[]}.
We reported previously that chymotrypsin B is cached in the lysosomes of rat hepatocytes and mediates apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha (1) and H2O2. However, the mechanism
文摘Hybrid Excited Flux Switching Machines(HEFSMs)unique feature of high torque density(T_(den))of Permanent Magnet(PM)machines and flux regulation capability of wound field excitation machines.Due to aforesaid unique features,stator active HEFSMs are preferred for EV/HEV applications.In this paper a new Segmented PM Consequent Pole HE-FSM(SPMCPHEFSM)with flux bridge is proposed for EV/HEV.The developed SPMCPHEFSM exhibits improved flux modulation and flux regulation capability at reduced PM usage(suppressed PM volume by 46.52%and PM cost by 46.48%)and eliminating stator leakage flux.First,SPMCPHEFSM is geometric optimized(GO)for investigating influence of leading design with key performance indicators such as flux linkage(Ф_(pp)),average torque(T_(avg)),cogging torque(T_(cog)),T_(den),average power(P_(avg))and power density(P_(den))and then proceeded optimized model to structure modification for optimal stator design and position of field excitation coils(FEC).Comprehensive performance analysis reveals that the developed SPMCPHEFSM show improvedФ_(pp)maximum up to 9.11%,improved T_(avg)maximum up to 23.63%,truncate T_(cog)up to 18.9%whereas T_(den)and P_(den)are boost up to 23.55%and 89.72%respectively.
文摘Unique double salient structure of Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machines(PMFSM)with both Concentrated Armature inding(CAW)and Permanent Magnet(PM)on stator attract researcher's interest for high speed brushless application when high torque density(T den)and power density(P den)are the primal requirements.However,despite of stator leakage flux,high rare-earth PM usage,PMFSM is subjected to slot effects due to presence of both PM and CAW in stator and partial saturation due to double salient structure which generates cogging torque(T cog),torque ripples(Trip)and lower average torque(T avg).To overcomne aforesaid demerits,this paper presents Partitioned PM(PPM)Consequent Pole Flux Switching Machine(PPM-CPFSM)with flux barriers to enhance flux mnodulation,curtail PM usage and diminish stator leakage flux which reduces slotting effects and partial saturation to ultimately reduces T cog and Trip In comparison with the existing state of the art,proposed PPM-CPFSM reduces 46.5390 of the total PM volumne and offer Tavg higher up to 88.8%,suppress Trip naximun up to 24.8%,diminish Tcog up to 22.74%and offer 2.45 times Tden and Pden.Furthermore,torque characteristics of proposed PPM-CPFSM is investigated utilizing space harmonics injection i.e.inverse cosine,inverse cosine with 3rd harmonics and rotor pole shaping techniques i.e.,ecce ntric circle,chanfering and notching.Detailed electromagnetic perfornance analysis reveals that harmonics injection suppressed Tcog maximun up to 83.5%,Trip up to 40.72%at the cost of 4.71%Tavg.Finally,rotor mnechanical stress analysis is utilized for rotor withstand capability and 3D-FEA based Coupled Elctromagnetic Thermal Analysis(CETA)for thermal behavior of the developed PPM CPFSM.CETA reveals that open space along PPM act as cooling duct that inprove heat dissipation.
文摘Due to double salient structure,Flux Switching Machines(FSMs)are preferred for brushless AC high speed applications.Permanent Magnet(PM)FSMs(PM-FSMs)are suited applicants where high torque density(Tden)and power density(Pden)are the utmost requisite.However conventional PM-FSMs utilizes excessive rare earth PM volume VPM,higher cogging torque Tcog,high torque ripples(Trip)and comparatively lower(Tden)and Pden due to flux leakage.To overcome the aforesaid demerits,a new high(Tden)Segmented PM Consequent Pole(CP)FSM(SPMCPFSM)with flux bridge and barrier is proposed which successfully reduces VPM by 46.52%and PM cost by 46.48%.Moreover,Multi-Objective Optimization(MOO)examines electromagnetic performance due to variation in geometric parameters for global optimum parameters with key metric such as flux linkage(Φpp),flux harmonics(ΦTHD)average torque(Tavg),Tcog,Trip,Tden,average power(Pavg)and Pden.Analysis reveals that MOO improveΦpp by 22.68%,boost Tavg by 11.41%,enhanced Pavg by 4.55%and increased Tden and Pden by 11.41%.Detailed electromagnetic performance comparison with existing state of the art shows that proposed SPMCPFSM offer Tavg maximum up to 88.8%,truncate Trip up to 24.8%,suppress Tcog up to 22.74%,and results 2.45 times Tden and Pden.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51520105010。
文摘Transverse-flux machines have the advantage of high force density owing to the peculiarity of decoupling of electric loading and magnetic loading.In this paper,a novel consequent-pole transverse-flux permanent magnet linear machine(CP-TFPMLM)is proposed and investigated.The origination of the proposed machine is from an existing transverse-flux flux-reversal linear machine(TF-FRLM),by partially replacing permanent magnet poles with soft magnetic iron for further reducing the cost of magnets.The fundamental structure and operating principle are introduced at first.The electromagnetic performance,including back EMF,detent force,and thrust force,are investigated with the finite element method.The proposed machine can achieve similar performance as compared to the TF-FRLM but with half of the magnets are used.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41602129,41602164)China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05007003,2016ZX05006-005)
文摘The control effects of different occurrence faults on oil and gas accumulation and distribution in the outer slope area of oil and gas reservoirs were studied taking the south-central Wen’an slope of the Jizhong depression in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example.Based on 3D seismic data and the distribution of oil and water,the controlling differences between consequent fault and antithetic fault were analyzed and compared from the formation and evolution rule of faults and the formation mechanism of fault traps,including development positions of the consequent fault traps and antithetic fault traps,oil and gas distribution horizon adjusted by fault and formation period of fault traps.The differences between consequent faults and antithetic faults in controlling reservoirs have three main aspects:(1)Consequent fault traps and antithetic fault traps are in different positions,the consequent fault traps are at the segmented growing point in the hanging wall of"hard-linkage"faults,while the antithetic fault traps are developed in the position with the largest throw in the footwall because of tilting action;(2)The two kinds of faults result in different oil and gas distribution vertically,oil and gas adjusted by consequent faults is distributed in a single layer or multi-layers,while oil and gas adjusted by antithetic faults occur in single layers;(3)The two kinds of fault traps are formed in different periods,the consequent fault traps are formed at the time when the related faults enter the stage of"hard-linkage",while the antithetic fault traps are formed at the beginning of the fault active period.
文摘Silica-coated carbonyl iron particles （CIPs） are fabricated with the Stober method to improve their heat-resistance and wave-aSsorption properties. The morphology, heat-resistance, electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption of raw-CIPs and silica-coated CIPs are investigated using a scanning electron microscope, an energy dispersive spectrometer, a thermal-gravimetric analyzer, and a network analyzer. The results show that the heat-resistance of silica-coated CIPs is better than that of raw CIFs. The reflection losses exceeding -lOdB of silica-coated CIPs are obtained in the frequency range 9.5-12.4 GHz for the absorber thickness of 2.3 mm, and the same reflection losses of uncoated CIPs reach the data in the lower frequency range for the same thickness. The enhanced microwave absorption of silica-coated CIPs can be ascribed to the combination of proper electromagnetic impedance match and the decrease of dielectric permittivity.
文摘Nowadays,there is considerable research interest in proposing modern permanent magnet(PM)electric machine structures for applications such as electric vehicles.Several radial and axial topologies with different arrangements of PM in the stator and rotor have been introduced for PM Vernier motors(PMVM)with the aim of increasing the performance characteristics such as power factor,efficiency,rotational torque torque density and wider constant torque-speed region.Meanwhile,the spoke PM arrangement has provided higher torque density than the surface and V-shaped arrangement.But in contrast,the V-shaped arrangement has a more sinusoidal flux and less cogging torque.In this paper,a 620 W,12-slot 16-pole Vernier PM motor with a fractional slot arrangement.Consequent K-shaped pole is introduced,which has the advantages of spoke and V-shaped magnetic arrangements.After presenting and confirming the concept of the proposed structure based on functional comparison with conventional structures,an analytical modeling based on the harmonic analysis method is introduced to accurately predict the performance of the machine,and finally the proposed structure is prototyped and the experimental results are simulated and modeling are compared.
文摘Let d and n are positive integers, n≥2,1≤d≤ 2.In this paper we obtain that the set of the 2 - common consequent of primitive digraphs of order n with exact d vertices having loop is{1,2,…, n-[]}.
文摘We reported previously that chymotrypsin B is cached in the lysosomes of rat hepatocytes and mediates apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha (1) and H2O2. However, the mechanism
