The cold-region eco-environments along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline (CRCOP) in northern Northeast China are in disequilibrium due to the combined influences of pronounced climate warming and intensive anthropog...The cold-region eco-environments along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline (CRCOP) in northern Northeast China are in disequilibrium due to the combined influences of pronounced climate warming and intensive anthropogenic activities.This is evidenced by the sharp areal reduction and northward shifting of the boreal forests,shrinking of wetlands,enhancing of soil erosion,accelerating degradation of permafrost and deteriorating of cold-region eco-environments.The degradation of permafrost plays an important role as an internal drive in the eco-environmental changes.Many components of the cold-region eco-environments,including frozen ground,forests,wetlands and peatlands,forest fires and 'heating island effect' of rapid urbanization,are interdependent,interactive,and integrated in the boreal ecosystems.The construction and long-term operation of the CRCOP system will inevitably disturb the cold-region environments along the pipeline.Therefore,a mandatory and carefully-elaborated environ-mental impact statement is indispensable for the proper mitigation of the ensued adverse impacts.Proper management,effective protection and practical rehabilitation of the damaged cold-region environments are a daunting,costly and long-term commitment.The recommended measures for protection and restoration of permafrost eco-environments along the pipeline route include adequate investigation,assessment and monitoring of permafrost and cold-region environments,compliance of pipeline construction and operation codes for environmental management,proper and timely re-vegetation,returning the cultivated lands to forests and grasslands,and effective mitigation of forest fire hazards.展开更多
基金funding from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge Innovation Program (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-311)the Chinese Academy of Sciences 100-Talents Program (HuiJun Jin)
文摘The cold-region eco-environments along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline (CRCOP) in northern Northeast China are in disequilibrium due to the combined influences of pronounced climate warming and intensive anthropogenic activities.This is evidenced by the sharp areal reduction and northward shifting of the boreal forests,shrinking of wetlands,enhancing of soil erosion,accelerating degradation of permafrost and deteriorating of cold-region eco-environments.The degradation of permafrost plays an important role as an internal drive in the eco-environmental changes.Many components of the cold-region eco-environments,including frozen ground,forests,wetlands and peatlands,forest fires and 'heating island effect' of rapid urbanization,are interdependent,interactive,and integrated in the boreal ecosystems.The construction and long-term operation of the CRCOP system will inevitably disturb the cold-region environments along the pipeline.Therefore,a mandatory and carefully-elaborated environ-mental impact statement is indispensable for the proper mitigation of the ensued adverse impacts.Proper management,effective protection and practical rehabilitation of the damaged cold-region environments are a daunting,costly and long-term commitment.The recommended measures for protection and restoration of permafrost eco-environments along the pipeline route include adequate investigation,assessment and monitoring of permafrost and cold-region environments,compliance of pipeline construction and operation codes for environmental management,proper and timely re-vegetation,returning the cultivated lands to forests and grasslands,and effective mitigation of forest fire hazards.
文摘为评估寒地池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis,俗称“河蟹”)和克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkia,俗称“小龙虾”)的营养品质与有毒重金属风险,在相似的养殖环境下,通过解剖、生化组成分析、面积归一化法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定河蟹和小龙虾的可食率、常规营养成分(水分、粗蛋白质、总脂和灰分)、脂肪酸、矿物质元素和有毒重金属(镉Cd、铬Cr、汞Hg和铅Pb)含量。结果表明:河蟹的平均体质量(body weight,BW)、性腺指数(gonadosomatic index,GSI)、出肉率(meat yield,MY)和总可食率(total edible yield,TEY)均极显著高于小龙虾(P<0.01);河蟹肝胰腺水分和粗蛋白质含量极显著高于小龙虾,而肌肉粗蛋白质含量则极显著低于小龙虾(P<0.01);河蟹总饱和脂肪酸(the sum of saturated fatty acid,∑SFA)、C18:3n3(LNA)、C22:6n3(DHA)、∑n-3 PUFA含量极显著低于小龙虾(P<0.01),而总多不饱和脂肪酸(the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids,∑PUFAs)则极显著高于小龙虾(P<0.01);河蟹肝胰腺中含有更高的钠Na、钙Ca、锌Zn、铜Cu和元素总量,更低的铁Fe和锰Mn元素;肌肉中则含有更高的Na、Ca、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Se和元素总量,更低的钾K元素(P<0.01);小龙虾肝胰腺和肌肉中Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb有毒重金属元素含量略高于河蟹;研究显示,河蟹具有更高的BW、GSI、MY、TEY、∑PUFA、Na、Ca、Zn、Cu和元素总量,以及肝胰腺中粗蛋白质含量;小龙虾可食组织则具有更高的C18:3n3(LNA)、C22:6n3(DHA)和K元素含量,以及肌肉中粗蛋白含量。研究表明,寒地池塘河蟹和小龙虾可食组织的有毒重金属含量均低于国家标准,是安全的水产食品来源。
