摘要
为探究性别差异对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)的可食品质影响,本研究采用北方寒地池塘养成的雌雄成体克氏原螯虾为研究对象,探究其在相似规格条件下的可食率参数(螯体比、肝胰腺指数、腹部出肉率)和品质特性(常规营养成分、脂肪酸、游离氨基酸和矿物质元素)。结果显示,雌虾螯足重和螯体比极显著低于雄虾,而肝胰腺重、腹部肌肉重、肝胰腺指数和腹部出肉率则极显著高于雄虾(P<0.01);雌虾肝胰腺水分极显著低于雄虾,而总脂含量则极显著高于雄虾(P<0.01);雌虾肝胰腺中总饱和脂肪酸和总单不饱和脂肪酸显著低于雄虾,而总多不饱和脂肪酸则显著高于雄虾(P<0.05);性别差异对游离氨基酸影响较小,仅雌虾肌肉中脯氨酸显著高于雄虾(P<0.05);雌虾肌肉中总鲜味氨基酸、总甜味氨基酸低于雄虾,而总苦味氨基酸则高于雄虾;性别差异对矿物质元素积累影响较小(P>0.05),但不同组织间钠、钾、镁和铁元素含量存在明显差异。综上,性别对克氏原螯虾可食率、常规营养成分和肝胰腺中脂肪酸影响较大,而对游离氨基酸、矿物质元素和肌肉中脂肪酸含量影响较小。
The crayfish Procambarus clarkii is a benthic crustacean known for jumping and crawling.P.clarkii is traditionally cultivated in the Yangtze River Basin in provinces of Hubei,Anhui,and Jiangsu.However,P.clarkii cultivation is gradually expanding to northern regions,such as Heilongjiang Province.P.clarkii yield has also annually increased with advances in cultivating and breeding the seedlings in cold regions.Sexually mature female and male P.clarkii were collected to investigate the effect of sex on their edible quality when reared in ponds in cold regions.Edibility indices(the chelate proportion,hepatosomatic index,and meat yield)and quality characteristics(proximate composition,fatty acids,free amino acids,and mineral elements)under similar body weight were evaluated.The cheliform weight and chelate proportion of the females were significantly lower than those of the males,whereas the hepatopancreas weight,abdominal muscle weight,hepatosomatic index,and meat yield of the females were highly significantly higher(P<0.01).The hepatopancreatic moisture and total lipid contents of the females were significantly lower and higher than those of the males,respectively(P<0.01).The total saturated fatty acid and total monounsaturated fatty acid contents in the female hepatopancreas were significantly lower than those in the male hepatopancreas,whereas the total polyunsaturated fatty acid(ΣPUFA)contents,especially ALA,ARA,EPA,and DHA,were significantly higher in the females(P<0.05).In addition,theΣEFA andΣHUFA,Σn-3 PUFA,Σn-6 PUFA,n-3/n-6 PUFA,DHA+EPA,and h/H contents were significantly or highly significantly higher in the females than in the males(P<0.05;P<0.01).The differences in the fatty acid contents between female and male adult P.clarkii muscles(7 items)were significantly lower than those in the hepatopancreas(31 items),with only C16:1n7,C17:1n7,LA,ALA,ARA,C20:3n3,andΣEFA being significantly or highly significantly different(P<0.05;P<0.01).A small effect was detected in the free amino acid(FAA)contents between the sexes.Only the proline(Pro)content was significantly higher in the female muscle than in the male muscle(P<0.05).TheΣEFAA was slightly higher in the hepatopancreas than that in the muscles,but lower Arg andΣFAA contents were observed.The total umami(ΣTUV),total sweetness(ΣTSV),and the total bitterness(ΣTBV)values in the female hepatopancreas were all lower than those of the males.Additionally,theΣTUV andΣTSV in the female muscle were lower than those of the males,but theirΣTBV was higher.The mineral element accumulation difference was minimal,but with large differences in the accumulation in Na,K,Mg,and Fe in females and males(P>0.05).The Fe content and proportion in the hepatopancreas of P.clarkii were significantly higher than those in the muscles,indicating that the hepatopancreas is an important source of Fe for the human.In summary,P.clarkii sex strongly impacted the edible yield,proximate composition,and fatty acids in the hepatopancreas.Sex had a relatively weak impact on free amino acids,mineral elements,and fatty acids in the muscles.This study provides basic data for understanding how edible quality differs between the sexes of P.clarkii reared in cold regions.
作者
王世会
张淑琪
苏俊杰
郭坤
罗亮
张瑞
覃东立
赵志刚
WANG Shihui;ZHANG Shuqi;SU Junjie;GUO Kun;LUO Liang;ZHANG Rui;QIN Dongli;ZHAO Zhigang(Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province,Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;College of Food Science and Engineering,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Supervision,Inspection,and Testing Center for Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products(Harbin),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150070,China)
出处
《渔业科学进展》
北大核心
2026年第1期81-92,共12页
Progress in Fishery Sciences
基金
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2023TD59)资助。
关键词
克氏原螯虾
性别
寒地
池塘养殖
可食品质
Procambarus clarkii
Gender
Cold region
Pond aquaculture
Edible quality
