The interplay between gut microbiota and host health has attracted significant interest in the animal science community.Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis by supplementing probiotics to treat clinical conditions l...The interplay between gut microbiota and host health has attracted significant interest in the animal science community.Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis by supplementing probiotics to treat clinical conditions like calf diarrhea is an emerging area of research nowadays because of increased concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and drug residues in animal products.Probiotics reduce the incidence of calf diarrhea by increasing the gut microbiota diversity and richness with more commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that produce antimicrobial compounds,as well as modulating the immune response by increasing cytokines,Interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,and reducing tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),by increasing production of antibodies,especially immunoglobulin E(Ig E),also Ig G,differentiating naive Th lymphocytes(Tho)into Th1,hence stimulate innate immunity and prime the adaptive immune response.Specific probiotic strains of bacteria and yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)derived probiotics maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier.In this review,data are being organized to address the role of probiotics in treating calf diarrhea by modulating gut microbiota and stimulating an immune response against notorious pathogens,to present animal and veterinary scientists and nutritionists with a new concept to treat infectious diseases from the perspective of the gut microbiota,increasing animal health,performance,and welfare.In conclusion,health status and gut microbiome are strongly interlinked.Research data indicated a significant reduction in the incidence of diarrhea after probiotic administration.If interrelations between probiotics and existing gut microbiota are explored more quantitatively,novel antibiotic substitutes can emerge in the future.展开更多
With the continuous progress of automatic driving technology,automatic driving technology standards are gradually affecting the determination of criminal responsibility for traffic accidents in China.At present,the ch...With the continuous progress of automatic driving technology,automatic driving technology standards are gradually affecting the determination of criminal responsibility for traffic accidents in China.At present,the characteristics and tendency of China's automatic driving technology standards present the situation of high policy relevance coexisting with low normative binding,professionalism coexist with barriers,forefront coexist with ambiguity.Therefore,challenges are presented both theoretically and practically on the determination of criminal responsibility based on automatic driving technology standard..In this regard,the misunderstanding should be clarified in theory:The legal order under the automatic driving technology standard has constitutionality and systematic,and there is a balance between the frontier of automatic driving technology development and the lagging of criminal law.The automatic driving technology risk level system should be built to clarify the boundary of the effectiveness of criminal law norms,seeking fora breakthrough in the application of the establishment of a comprehensive judgment system of the risks and accidents and the system of evidence to prove the system,which clarifies the determination of criminal responsibility under the automatic driving technology standard.This essay hopes to pursue breakthroughs in the application-to establish a comprehensive judgment system of risks and accidents as well as an evidence proof system,so as to clarify the determination of criminal responsibility under automatic driving technology standards.展开更多
Objective:To explore the relationship between anesthetic depth and surgical stress response in minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery.Methods:A total of 89 patients who underwent thoracoscopic minimally invasive ca...Objective:To explore the relationship between anesthetic depth and surgical stress response in minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery.Methods:A total of 89 patients who underwent thoracoscopic minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery in our hospital from June 2024 to December 2024 were selected as the research objects.They were divided into the light anesthesia group(n=45)and the deep anesthesia group(n=44).The vital signs at different intraoperative nodes and perioperative stress status of the two groups were compared.Results:Before lesion resection and after surgery,the mean arterial pressure and heart rate of the deep anesthesia group were lower than those of the light anesthesia group,with statistically significant differences.Conclusion:In thoracoscopic minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery,deep anesthesia can effectively control the patient’s surgical stress response,but the postoperative awakening time is longer;patients under light anesthesia have a shorter awakening time,but the intraoperative stress response is obvious.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sorafenib has been the conventional treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)since 2008.While radiological complete responses are extremely rare,improved supportive care and multidisciplinary app...BACKGROUND Sorafenib has been the conventional treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)since 2008.While radiological complete responses are extremely rare,improved supportive care and multidisciplinary approaches in clinical practice may explain the recent increase in case reports and retrospective series documenting such responses.CASE SUMMARY This case series describes 3 patients with advanced HCC who achieved durable complete responses using first-line sorafenib therapy,even in the presence of portal vein thrombosis or extrahepatic spread,and highlights the potential for sustained remission in selected patients.Dermatologic toxicity and non-viral etiology may correlate with favorable outcomes;however,reliable predictive biomarkers for sorafenib response are lacking.CONCLUSION Future research into the etiology and molecular differences in HCC is necessary to develop more personalized therapy options.展开更多
Field-effect nanofluidic transistors(FENTs),biomimicking the structure and functionality of neuron,act as biological transistors with the ability to gate switching responses to external stimuli.The switching ratio has...Field-effect nanofluidic transistors(FENTs),biomimicking the structure and functionality of neuron,act as biological transistors with the ability to gate switching responses to external stimuli.The switching ratio has been verified to evaluate the performance of FENTs,but until recently,the response time,another crucial indicator,has been ignored.Employing finite-element method,we investigated the relationship among gate charge,switching ratio and response time by divisionally manipulating gate charge,including entrance surface and the surface of confinement space,for ion transport to optimize switching capability.The dual-split gate charge on FENTs exhibits synergistic effect on switching response.Based on the two regional gate charge on FENTs,multivalence ions in lower concentration,high aspect ratio and single channel show higher switching ratio but longer response time compared to monovalent ions.The findings highlight the necessity of balancing these two signals in FENTs and offer insights for optimizing their design and expanding applications to dual-signal-detection iontronics.展开更多
Excessive blasting-induced vibration during drilling-and-blasting excavation of deep tunnels can trigger geological hazards and compromise the stability of both the rock mass and support structures.This study focused ...Excessive blasting-induced vibration during drilling-and-blasting excavation of deep tunnels can trigger geological hazards and compromise the stability of both the rock mass and support structures.This study focused on the deep double-line Sejila Mountain tunnel to systematically analyze the spatial response of blasting-induced vibration and to develop a prediction model through field tests and numerical simulations.The results revealed that the presence of a cross passage significantly altered propagation paths and the spatial distribution of blasting-induced vibration velocity.The peak particle velocity(PPV)at the cross-passage corner was amplified by approximately 1.92 times due to wave reflection and geometric focusing.Blasting-induced vibration waves attenuated non-uniformly across the tunnel cross-section,where PPV on the blast-face side was 1.54–6.56 times higher than that on the opposite side.We propose an improved PPV attenuation model that accounts for the propagation path effect.This model significantly improved fitting accuracy and resolved anomalous parameter(k and a)estimates in traditional equations,thereby improving prediction reliability.Furthermore,based on the observed spatial distribution of blasting-induced vibration,optimal monitoring point placement and targeted vibration control measures for tunnel blasting were discussed.These findings provide a scientific basis for designing blasting schemes and vibration mitigation strategies in deep tunnels.展开更多
As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a ...As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a crucial role in rice growth and development,stress response,and hormone signal transduction.This review discusses the role of WRKY53 in stress response,focusing on its functions in cold tolerance,salt tolerance,disease resistance,and pest defense,and explores its role in regulating rice leaf senescence and seed germination.This article also proposes future research directions,including functional genomics studies,protein interaction network analyses,hormone signal transduction pathways,genetic improvement strategies,applications of gene editing technologies,molecular basis of stress responses,cross-species functional conservation,and bioinformatics and comparative genomics research.This review highlights the importance of WRKY53 in rice biology and provides new perspectives and strategies for future research and genetic improvement of rice.展开更多
Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analyt...Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.展开更多
To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that ...To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response.Firstly,a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity.The alternativeDRenables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources,while the price DR relies on timeof-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration;Secondly,the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal carbon emission costs through a tiered carbon quota allocation mechanism.On this basis,an optimization decision model is established with the core objective of maximizing the annual net profit of the park.The objective function takes into account energy sales revenue,generator unit costs,and investment and operation costs of multiple types of energy storage facilities.Themodel constraint system covers three key dimensions:dynamic operation constraints of power generation units,including unit output limits,ramping capability,and minimum start-stop time;the physical boundary of an electric/hot/cold multi-energy storage system involves energy storage capacity and charge/discharge efficiency;The multi-energy network coupling balance equation ensures that the energy conversion and transmission process satisfies the law of conservation of energy.Using CPLEX mathematical programming solver for simulation verification,construct an energy storage capacity configuration decision process that includes LCT-DR synergistic effect.The research results show that compared with the traditional single energy storage configuration mode,this strategy effectively enhances the economic feasibility and engineering practicality of industrial park operation by coordinating demand side resource scheduling and finely controlling carbon costs,while maintaining stable system operation.Its methodological framework provides a technical path that combines theoretical rigor and practical operability for the low-carbon transformation of regional integrated energy systems.展开更多
Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in...Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.展开更多
Microwave roasting self-leaching is an innovative method for recovering gold from high-sulfur refractory gold concentrates,without using deadly toxic cyanide reagents.However,the mechanism of gold self-leaching,which ...Microwave roasting self-leaching is an innovative method for recovering gold from high-sulfur refractory gold concentrates,without using deadly toxic cyanide reagents.However,the mechanism of gold self-leaching,which relies on lixiviants prepared using volatilized sulfur obtained from roasting,has not been fully elucidated.This study employs the response surface methodology to optimize processing parameters,resulting in an increased gold extraction rate of 96.18%.Analytical factorization and the Tafel curve indicate that CuSO_(4) and NH_(3)·H_(2)O significantly influence the self-leaching process.Furthermore,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis reveals that S^(2−),S_(2)^(2−),polysulfides(S_(n)^(2−)),and thiosulfate(S_(2)O_(3)^(2−))are involved in the gold leaching reaction,with S^(2−),S_(2)^(2−),and S_(n)^(2−) serving as primary ligands for gold complexation.The role of S_(2)O_(3)^(2−) in the early stages of the gold-leaching reaction is also noteworthy.The copper–ammonia complex catalyzes the self-leaching gold reaction;however,an improper addition ratio can lead to copper-sulfur compound precipitates,reducing the extraction rate.展开更多
The integration of digital twin(DT)technology with microseismic(MS)monitoring for evaluating the dynamic response of high-arch dams remains under-explored.This paper investigates the application of MS monitoring on th...The integration of digital twin(DT)technology with microseismic(MS)monitoring for evaluating the dynamic response of high-arch dams remains under-explored.This paper investigates the application of MS monitoring on the Dagangshan high-arch dam during its normal water storage operating period to assess potential damage.The study analyzes the MS characteristics of the dam during the Luding earthquake(Ms=6.8).A framework for constructing a damage driven DT model of a high-arch dam is proposed.The DT model is capable of self-updating its mechanical parameters based on MS data.Seismic response calculations are conducted utilizing cloud computing,allowing for the direct presentation of results within the DT model.The results indicate a high-risk area of the Dagangshan arch dam,characterized by significantMS deformation,primarily centered on the arch crown beam.This zone encompasses dam sections Nos.5-6,10-11,13-16,and 19-20,all located above 1030 m elevation.Under seismic loading,the arch dam exhibits a back-and-forth movement along the river,ultimately reaching a stable state.Following the earthquake,the stress state of the dam does not experience substantial changes.The average relative error between numerical results and measured peak ground acceleration values is 17%when considering the cumulative effect of damage,compared to 36%when neglecting this effect.This study presents a more reliable approach for assessing the state of dams.展开更多
Accurately assessing the relationship between tree growth and climatic factors is of great importance in dendrochronology.This study evaluated the consistency between alternative climate datasets(including station and...Accurately assessing the relationship between tree growth and climatic factors is of great importance in dendrochronology.This study evaluated the consistency between alternative climate datasets(including station and gridded data)and actual climate data(fixed-point observations near the sampling sites),in northeastern China’s warm temperate zone and analyzed differences in their correlations with tree-ring width index.The results were:(1)Gridded temperature data,as well as precipitation and relative humidity data from the Huailai meteorological station,was more consistent with the actual climate data;in contrast,gridded soil moisture content data showed significant discrepancies.(2)Horizontal distance had a greater impact on the representativeness of actual climate conditions than vertical elevation differences.(3)Differences in consistency between alternative and actual climate data also affected their correlations with tree-ring width indices.In some growing season months,correlation coefficients,both in magnitude and sign,differed significantly from those based on actual data.The selection of different alternative climate datasets can lead to biased results in assessing forest responses to climate change,which is detrimental to the management of forest ecosystems in harsh environments.Therefore,the scientific and rational selection of alternative climate data is essential for dendroecological and climatological research.展开更多
Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immun...Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immune tolerance of cancer cells.The classical theory holds that prostate apoptosis response-4(PAR-4)is a tumor suppressor protein.However,our recent research has found that PAR-4 has a biological function of promoting cancer in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and our analysis shows that PAR-4 can be modified of lactic acid.These research evidences suggest that PAR-4 lactylation modification may drive immune tolerance in HCC.Therefore,inhibiting PAR-4 lactylation modification is very likely to increase the sensitivity of HCC to immunotherapy.展开更多
Spinal cord injury is a critical event characterized by intricate pathogenic mechanisms.Although recent studies have highlighted tissue exosomes as key mediators of inflammatory responses in diverse organs and tissues...Spinal cord injury is a critical event characterized by intricate pathogenic mechanisms.Although recent studies have highlighted tissue exosomes as key mediators of inflammatory responses in diverse organs and tissues,their role in spinal cord injury has yet to be determined.In this study,we investigated the role and mechanisms of spinal cord tissue exosomes in the inflammatory response following spinal cord injury.We found morphological,concentration,and functional differences between exosomes extracted from injured and normal spinal cord tissues,and identified proinflammatory effects associated with spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes but not with exosomes derived from normal spinal cord tissue.Our in vivo and in vitro analyses showed that spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes promoted microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory cytokine expression,thereby exacerbating tissue and neuronal injury in the spinal cord.In addition,the combination of exosomal miRNA sequencing and experimental verification showed that the miR-155-5p level was higher in spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes than in spinal cord tissue.We further found that spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes-derived miR-155-5p induced a significant inhibition of forkhead box O3a phosphorylation and activated the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway,thereby promoting microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory cytokine expression.These findings suggest that injury-induced miR-155-5p-containing exosomes exacerbate spinal cord injury via the promotion of microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory responses.Thus,targeting miR-155-5p expression or exosome secretion could be a novel strategy for attenuating inflammation and reducing secondary injury post-spinal cord injury.展开更多
Owing to the inherent limitation of the internal pulse ionization chamber within the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor,that is,its inability to discriminate the energy levels of α particles,the ingress of^(220)Rn from ...Owing to the inherent limitation of the internal pulse ionization chamber within the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor,that is,its inability to discriminate the energy levels of α particles,the ingress of^(220)Rn from the surrounding environment,along with its decay progeny,poses a substantive challenge in accurately determining the^(222)Rn concentration in the measurement outcomes.Among these,the protracted influence primarily stems from the two enduring decay progenies,namely^(212)Pb with a half-life of 10.64 h and^(212)Bi with a half-life of 60.54 min.This study explored the influence of^(220)Rn progeny on the measurement results of an AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor by developing a theoretical calculation model.The response coefficient related to the residual^(220)Rn progeny within the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor was experimentally validated.In addition,this study investigated the effects of temperature and wind speed on the sensitivity of the instrument to^(220)Rn gas.The research findings revealed commendable agreement between the experimentally measured response coefficients of the residual^(220)Rn progeny and the corresponding values derived from the theoretical model.Notably,both the response coefficients of the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor to^(220)Rn gas and its internal residual^(220)Rn progeny increased with elevated temperatures and increased wind speeds,providing a reference for correcting the impact of^(220)Rn and its progeny on the measurement results of^(222)Rn concentration obtained using the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor.展开更多
Stem cell fate decisions are increasingly understood through the dynamic interplay of two fundamental stress-adaptive programs:the integrated stress response(ISR)and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP)...Stem cell fate decisions are increasingly understood through the dynamic interplay of two fundamental stress-adaptive programs:the integrated stress response(ISR)and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP).These pathways act as a Yin-Yang system,balancing beneficial and detrimental outcomes across development,tissue homeostasis,and disease.On the yin(protective)side,transient ISR activation and acute SASP signaling foster adaptation,embryonic patterning,wound healing,and regeneration.On the yang(maladaptive)side,chronic ISR signaling and unresolved SASP output drive stem cell exhaustion,fibrosis,inflammation,and tumorigenesis.This duality highlights their roles as both guardians and disruptors of stem cell integrity.Mechanistically,ISR regulates translational control via eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha(eIF2α)phosphorylation and activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)-dependent transcription,while SASP reprograms the extracellular milieu through cytokines,growth factors,and proteases.Their crosstalk creates feedback loops that shape tissue niches and long-termstemcell potential.Framing ISR-SASP interactions through a Yin-Yang lens underscores the balance between resilience and decline,to offer new insights into regenerative medicine,anti-aging interventions,and cancer therapeutics.展开更多
The flight control law design for tanker should ensure that the closed-loop response can meet the aerial refueling mission requirements. In order to reveal the movement characteristics of the tanker and the handling c...The flight control law design for tanker should ensure that the closed-loop response can meet the aerial refueling mission requirements. In order to reveal the movement characteristics of the tanker and the handling characteristics of the pilot in aerial refueling, the flight path capture and hold under gust disturbance task is designed as the demonstration maneuver mission to evaluate the flying qualities for tanker in aerial refueling task, which is based on the design requirements of maneuvering tasks used in mission-oriented flying qualities assessment. By analyzing the flight path tracking and holding requirements of the tanker in aerial refueling mission, the relevant parameters that reflect the response characteristics of the tanker in pitch and roll axes are put forward. The ground flight simulation test based on mission-oriented flight quality assessment is conducted, and the test pilot's assessment results based on Cooper-Harper rating and PIO scales are obtained for different flight control law configurations. The suggested requirements of the closed-loop response characteristics of the pitch and roll axes of the tanker are put forward, which can be specifications for the aerial refueling mode flight control design of tanker.展开更多
Background The potential of exercise as a concurrent therapy for actively treated primary tumors has been suggested by emerging preclinical and observational studies.However,clinical trials regarding this question are...Background The potential of exercise as a concurrent therapy for actively treated primary tumors has been suggested by emerging preclinical and observational studies.However,clinical trials regarding this question are scarce.Therefore,we conducted a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of aerobic or resistance exercise concomitant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)on tumor size.Methods In the BENEFIT study(German title:Bewegung bei neoadjuvanter chemotherapie zur verbesserung der fitness),patients with breast cancer scheduled for NACT were randomly assigned to supervised resistance training(RT,n=60)or aerobic training(AT,n=60)twice weekly during NACT or to a waitlist control group(WCG,n=60).The primary outcome,“change in tumor size”,as well as the secondary clinical outcomes pathologic complete response(pCR),type of surgery(breast conserving/mastectomy),axillary lymph node dissection(ALND,yes/no),premature discontinuation of chemotherapy(yes/no),and relative dose intensity(RDI)were derived from clinical records.Due to the highly skewed distribution,the primary outcome was categorized.Multiple(ordinal)logistic regression analyses were performed.Results Overall,there was no significant difference in post-intervention tumor size between RT or AT and WCG.However,there was a significant effect modification by hormone receptor(HR)status(P_(interaction)=0.030).Among patients with HR+tumors,results suggest a beneficial effect of AT on tumor shrinkage(odds ratio(OR)=2.37,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.97‒5.78),on pCR(OR=3.21,95%CI:0.97‒10.61);and on ALND(OR=3.76,95%CI:0.78‒18.06)compared to WCG.The effects of RT were slightly less pronounced.For HR−subtypes,beneficial effects on RDI were found for AT(OR=3.71,95%CI:1.20‒11.50)and similarly for RT(OR=2.58,95%CI:0.88‒7.59).Both AT and RT had favorable effects on premature discontinuation of chemotherapy(OR(no vs.yes)=2.34,95%CI:1.10‒5.06),irrespective of tumor receptor status.Conclusion While there was no significant effect on the primary outcome in the overall group,aerobic and resistance exercise concomitant to NACT seem to beneficially affect tumor shrinkage and pCR,reduce the need for ALND among patients with HR+breast cancers,and prevent low RDI among patients with HR–breast cancers.These results warrant confirmation in further trials.展开更多
This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and stru...This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and structural response of the platform are studied,considering the actual platform motion and free surface rise under extreme sea states.First,the effects of the wave frequency and direction on the wave-induced loads and dynamic responses were examined.The motion at a wave direction angle of 0°is relatively low.On this basis,the angle constrained by the two sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters should be aligned with the main wave direction to avoid significant platform motion under extreme sea states.Additionally,the structural response of the platform,including the wave-absorbing floaters,is investigated.The results highlighted that the conditions or locations where yielding,buckling,and fatigue failures occur were different.In this context,the connection area of the Sharp Eagle floaters and platform is prone to yielding failure under oblique wave action,whereas the pontoon and side of the Sharp Eagle floaters are prone to buckling failure during significant vertical motion.Additionally,fatigue damage is most likely to occur at the connection between the middle column on both sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters and the pontoons.The findings of this paper revealed an intrinsic connection between wave-induced loads and the dynamic and structural responses of the platform,which provides a useful reference for the improved design of WECs.展开更多
基金financial support from the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20230718)。
文摘The interplay between gut microbiota and host health has attracted significant interest in the animal science community.Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis by supplementing probiotics to treat clinical conditions like calf diarrhea is an emerging area of research nowadays because of increased concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and drug residues in animal products.Probiotics reduce the incidence of calf diarrhea by increasing the gut microbiota diversity and richness with more commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that produce antimicrobial compounds,as well as modulating the immune response by increasing cytokines,Interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,and reducing tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),by increasing production of antibodies,especially immunoglobulin E(Ig E),also Ig G,differentiating naive Th lymphocytes(Tho)into Th1,hence stimulate innate immunity and prime the adaptive immune response.Specific probiotic strains of bacteria and yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)derived probiotics maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier.In this review,data are being organized to address the role of probiotics in treating calf diarrhea by modulating gut microbiota and stimulating an immune response against notorious pathogens,to present animal and veterinary scientists and nutritionists with a new concept to treat infectious diseases from the perspective of the gut microbiota,increasing animal health,performance,and welfare.In conclusion,health status and gut microbiome are strongly interlinked.Research data indicated a significant reduction in the incidence of diarrhea after probiotic administration.If interrelations between probiotics and existing gut microbiota are explored more quantitatively,novel antibiotic substitutes can emerge in the future.
基金The National Social Science Foundation Youth Project of China:Research on the collaborative govemance path of administrative law and criminal law against dangerous driving behaviors in the digital-intelligent society(25CFX108)。
文摘With the continuous progress of automatic driving technology,automatic driving technology standards are gradually affecting the determination of criminal responsibility for traffic accidents in China.At present,the characteristics and tendency of China's automatic driving technology standards present the situation of high policy relevance coexisting with low normative binding,professionalism coexist with barriers,forefront coexist with ambiguity.Therefore,challenges are presented both theoretically and practically on the determination of criminal responsibility based on automatic driving technology standard..In this regard,the misunderstanding should be clarified in theory:The legal order under the automatic driving technology standard has constitutionality and systematic,and there is a balance between the frontier of automatic driving technology development and the lagging of criminal law.The automatic driving technology risk level system should be built to clarify the boundary of the effectiveness of criminal law norms,seeking fora breakthrough in the application of the establishment of a comprehensive judgment system of the risks and accidents and the system of evidence to prove the system,which clarifies the determination of criminal responsibility under the automatic driving technology standard.This essay hopes to pursue breakthroughs in the application-to establish a comprehensive judgment system of risks and accidents as well as an evidence proof system,so as to clarify the determination of criminal responsibility under automatic driving technology standards.
文摘Objective:To explore the relationship between anesthetic depth and surgical stress response in minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery.Methods:A total of 89 patients who underwent thoracoscopic minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery in our hospital from June 2024 to December 2024 were selected as the research objects.They were divided into the light anesthesia group(n=45)and the deep anesthesia group(n=44).The vital signs at different intraoperative nodes and perioperative stress status of the two groups were compared.Results:Before lesion resection and after surgery,the mean arterial pressure and heart rate of the deep anesthesia group were lower than those of the light anesthesia group,with statistically significant differences.Conclusion:In thoracoscopic minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery,deep anesthesia can effectively control the patient’s surgical stress response,but the postoperative awakening time is longer;patients under light anesthesia have a shorter awakening time,but the intraoperative stress response is obvious.
文摘BACKGROUND Sorafenib has been the conventional treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)since 2008.While radiological complete responses are extremely rare,improved supportive care and multidisciplinary approaches in clinical practice may explain the recent increase in case reports and retrospective series documenting such responses.CASE SUMMARY This case series describes 3 patients with advanced HCC who achieved durable complete responses using first-line sorafenib therapy,even in the presence of portal vein thrombosis or extrahepatic spread,and highlights the potential for sustained remission in selected patients.Dermatologic toxicity and non-viral etiology may correlate with favorable outcomes;however,reliable predictive biomarkers for sorafenib response are lacking.CONCLUSION Future research into the etiology and molecular differences in HCC is necessary to develop more personalized therapy options.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China (No.2025A1515011654)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22090053)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for National Universities,China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)support from the program of China Scholarships Council (No.202406410155)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST-Doctoral Student Special Plansupport from the S&T Special Program of Huzhou (No.2024GZ07)。
文摘Field-effect nanofluidic transistors(FENTs),biomimicking the structure and functionality of neuron,act as biological transistors with the ability to gate switching responses to external stimuli.The switching ratio has been verified to evaluate the performance of FENTs,but until recently,the response time,another crucial indicator,has been ignored.Employing finite-element method,we investigated the relationship among gate charge,switching ratio and response time by divisionally manipulating gate charge,including entrance surface and the surface of confinement space,for ion transport to optimize switching capability.The dual-split gate charge on FENTs exhibits synergistic effect on switching response.Based on the two regional gate charge on FENTs,multivalence ions in lower concentration,high aspect ratio and single channel show higher switching ratio but longer response time compared to monovalent ions.The findings highlight the necessity of balancing these two signals in FENTs and offer insights for optimizing their design and expanding applications to dual-signal-detection iontronics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42577209 and U22A20239)the Key R&D Program of Hunan Province(No.2024WK2004)the Key Technologies for Accurate Diagnosis and Intelligent Prevention and Control of Slope Hazards in Open pit Mines,181 Major R&D projects of Metallurgical Corporation of China Ltd。
文摘Excessive blasting-induced vibration during drilling-and-blasting excavation of deep tunnels can trigger geological hazards and compromise the stability of both the rock mass and support structures.This study focused on the deep double-line Sejila Mountain tunnel to systematically analyze the spatial response of blasting-induced vibration and to develop a prediction model through field tests and numerical simulations.The results revealed that the presence of a cross passage significantly altered propagation paths and the spatial distribution of blasting-induced vibration velocity.The peak particle velocity(PPV)at the cross-passage corner was amplified by approximately 1.92 times due to wave reflection and geometric focusing.Blasting-induced vibration waves attenuated non-uniformly across the tunnel cross-section,where PPV on the blast-face side was 1.54–6.56 times higher than that on the opposite side.We propose an improved PPV attenuation model that accounts for the propagation path effect.This model significantly improved fitting accuracy and resolved anomalous parameter(k and a)estimates in traditional equations,thereby improving prediction reliability.Furthermore,based on the observed spatial distribution of blasting-induced vibration,optimal monitoring point placement and targeted vibration control measures for tunnel blasting were discussed.These findings provide a scientific basis for designing blasting schemes and vibration mitigation strategies in deep tunnels.
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.2024AFB917).
文摘As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a crucial role in rice growth and development,stress response,and hormone signal transduction.This review discusses the role of WRKY53 in stress response,focusing on its functions in cold tolerance,salt tolerance,disease resistance,and pest defense,and explores its role in regulating rice leaf senescence and seed germination.This article also proposes future research directions,including functional genomics studies,protein interaction network analyses,hormone signal transduction pathways,genetic improvement strategies,applications of gene editing technologies,molecular basis of stress responses,cross-species functional conservation,and bioinformatics and comparative genomics research.This review highlights the importance of WRKY53 in rice biology and provides new perspectives and strategies for future research and genetic improvement of rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41941018)Shanghai Gaofeng Discipline Construction Funding.
文摘Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.
基金funded by Science and Technology Projects from State Grid Corporation of China,(Research on Adaptive Balance Optimization and Simulation Technology of Industrial community Energy System with High Proportion of Distributed Energy,No.:5100-202355752A-3-4-SY).
文摘To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response.Firstly,a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity.The alternativeDRenables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources,while the price DR relies on timeof-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration;Secondly,the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal carbon emission costs through a tiered carbon quota allocation mechanism.On this basis,an optimization decision model is established with the core objective of maximizing the annual net profit of the park.The objective function takes into account energy sales revenue,generator unit costs,and investment and operation costs of multiple types of energy storage facilities.Themodel constraint system covers three key dimensions:dynamic operation constraints of power generation units,including unit output limits,ramping capability,and minimum start-stop time;the physical boundary of an electric/hot/cold multi-energy storage system involves energy storage capacity and charge/discharge efficiency;The multi-energy network coupling balance equation ensures that the energy conversion and transmission process satisfies the law of conservation of energy.Using CPLEX mathematical programming solver for simulation verification,construct an energy storage capacity configuration decision process that includes LCT-DR synergistic effect.The research results show that compared with the traditional single energy storage configuration mode,this strategy effectively enhances the economic feasibility and engineering practicality of industrial park operation by coordinating demand side resource scheduling and finely controlling carbon costs,while maintaining stable system operation.Its methodological framework provides a technical path that combines theoretical rigor and practical operability for the low-carbon transformation of regional integrated energy systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077367 and 21677123).
文摘Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974016).
文摘Microwave roasting self-leaching is an innovative method for recovering gold from high-sulfur refractory gold concentrates,without using deadly toxic cyanide reagents.However,the mechanism of gold self-leaching,which relies on lixiviants prepared using volatilized sulfur obtained from roasting,has not been fully elucidated.This study employs the response surface methodology to optimize processing parameters,resulting in an increased gold extraction rate of 96.18%.Analytical factorization and the Tafel curve indicate that CuSO_(4) and NH_(3)·H_(2)O significantly influence the self-leaching process.Furthermore,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis reveals that S^(2−),S_(2)^(2−),polysulfides(S_(n)^(2−)),and thiosulfate(S_(2)O_(3)^(2−))are involved in the gold leaching reaction,with S^(2−),S_(2)^(2−),and S_(n)^(2−) serving as primary ligands for gold complexation.The role of S_(2)O_(3)^(2−) in the early stages of the gold-leaching reaction is also noteworthy.The copper–ammonia complex catalyzes the self-leaching gold reaction;however,an improper addition ratio can lead to copper-sulfur compound precipitates,reducing the extraction rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52379098 and 42122052)the Liaoning XingLiao Talent Program(Grant No.XLYC2203008).
文摘The integration of digital twin(DT)technology with microseismic(MS)monitoring for evaluating the dynamic response of high-arch dams remains under-explored.This paper investigates the application of MS monitoring on the Dagangshan high-arch dam during its normal water storage operating period to assess potential damage.The study analyzes the MS characteristics of the dam during the Luding earthquake(Ms=6.8).A framework for constructing a damage driven DT model of a high-arch dam is proposed.The DT model is capable of self-updating its mechanical parameters based on MS data.Seismic response calculations are conducted utilizing cloud computing,allowing for the direct presentation of results within the DT model.The results indicate a high-risk area of the Dagangshan arch dam,characterized by significantMS deformation,primarily centered on the arch crown beam.This zone encompasses dam sections Nos.5-6,10-11,13-16,and 19-20,all located above 1030 m elevation.Under seismic loading,the arch dam exhibits a back-and-forth movement along the river,ultimately reaching a stable state.Following the earthquake,the stress state of the dam does not experience substantial changes.The average relative error between numerical results and measured peak ground acceleration values is 17%when considering the cumulative effect of damage,compared to 36%when neglecting this effect.This study presents a more reliable approach for assessing the state of dams.
基金supported by the International Partnership program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(170GJHZ2023074GC)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42425706 and 42488201)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF0807902)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8242041),and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770353).
文摘Accurately assessing the relationship between tree growth and climatic factors is of great importance in dendrochronology.This study evaluated the consistency between alternative climate datasets(including station and gridded data)and actual climate data(fixed-point observations near the sampling sites),in northeastern China’s warm temperate zone and analyzed differences in their correlations with tree-ring width index.The results were:(1)Gridded temperature data,as well as precipitation and relative humidity data from the Huailai meteorological station,was more consistent with the actual climate data;in contrast,gridded soil moisture content data showed significant discrepancies.(2)Horizontal distance had a greater impact on the representativeness of actual climate conditions than vertical elevation differences.(3)Differences in consistency between alternative and actual climate data also affected their correlations with tree-ring width indices.In some growing season months,correlation coefficients,both in magnitude and sign,differed significantly from those based on actual data.The selection of different alternative climate datasets can lead to biased results in assessing forest responses to climate change,which is detrimental to the management of forest ecosystems in harsh environments.Therefore,the scientific and rational selection of alternative climate data is essential for dendroecological and climatological research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82573045,82460602,82560459)the Hainan Provincial Graduate Student Innovative Research Project(No.Qhys2024-440).
文摘Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immune tolerance of cancer cells.The classical theory holds that prostate apoptosis response-4(PAR-4)is a tumor suppressor protein.However,our recent research has found that PAR-4 has a biological function of promoting cancer in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and our analysis shows that PAR-4 can be modified of lactic acid.These research evidences suggest that PAR-4 lactylation modification may drive immune tolerance in HCC.Therefore,inhibiting PAR-4 lactylation modification is very likely to increase the sensitivity of HCC to immunotherapy.
基金supported by the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology,Fujian Province,No.2023Y9233(to HH)the QuanzhouScience and Technology Project,No.2022C036R(to HH)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Bureau of Quanzhou,No.2020CT003(to SL)the Quanzhou MunicipalMedical and Health Guiding Science and Technology Project,No.2023N066S(to YZhou).
文摘Spinal cord injury is a critical event characterized by intricate pathogenic mechanisms.Although recent studies have highlighted tissue exosomes as key mediators of inflammatory responses in diverse organs and tissues,their role in spinal cord injury has yet to be determined.In this study,we investigated the role and mechanisms of spinal cord tissue exosomes in the inflammatory response following spinal cord injury.We found morphological,concentration,and functional differences between exosomes extracted from injured and normal spinal cord tissues,and identified proinflammatory effects associated with spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes but not with exosomes derived from normal spinal cord tissue.Our in vivo and in vitro analyses showed that spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes promoted microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory cytokine expression,thereby exacerbating tissue and neuronal injury in the spinal cord.In addition,the combination of exosomal miRNA sequencing and experimental verification showed that the miR-155-5p level was higher in spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes than in spinal cord tissue.We further found that spinal cord injury-generated tissue exosomes-derived miR-155-5p induced a significant inhibition of forkhead box O3a phosphorylation and activated the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway,thereby promoting microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory cytokine expression.These findings suggest that injury-induced miR-155-5p-containing exosomes exacerbate spinal cord injury via the promotion of microglial M1 polarization and inflammatory responses.Thus,targeting miR-155-5p expression or exosome secretion could be a novel strategy for attenuating inflammation and reducing secondary injury post-spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175102)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2022JJ40346)the 2022 Hunan Provincial University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.S202210555144).
文摘Owing to the inherent limitation of the internal pulse ionization chamber within the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor,that is,its inability to discriminate the energy levels of α particles,the ingress of^(220)Rn from the surrounding environment,along with its decay progeny,poses a substantive challenge in accurately determining the^(222)Rn concentration in the measurement outcomes.Among these,the protracted influence primarily stems from the two enduring decay progenies,namely^(212)Pb with a half-life of 10.64 h and^(212)Bi with a half-life of 60.54 min.This study explored the influence of^(220)Rn progeny on the measurement results of an AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor by developing a theoretical calculation model.The response coefficient related to the residual^(220)Rn progeny within the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor was experimentally validated.In addition,this study investigated the effects of temperature and wind speed on the sensitivity of the instrument to^(220)Rn gas.The research findings revealed commendable agreement between the experimentally measured response coefficients of the residual^(220)Rn progeny and the corresponding values derived from the theoretical model.Notably,both the response coefficients of the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor to^(220)Rn gas and its internal residual^(220)Rn progeny increased with elevated temperatures and increased wind speeds,providing a reference for correcting the impact of^(220)Rn and its progeny on the measurement results of^(222)Rn concentration obtained using the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor.
基金funded by the National Institutes of Health,grant numbers UG3OD023285,P42ES030991,and P30ES036084.
文摘Stem cell fate decisions are increasingly understood through the dynamic interplay of two fundamental stress-adaptive programs:the integrated stress response(ISR)and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP).These pathways act as a Yin-Yang system,balancing beneficial and detrimental outcomes across development,tissue homeostasis,and disease.On the yin(protective)side,transient ISR activation and acute SASP signaling foster adaptation,embryonic patterning,wound healing,and regeneration.On the yang(maladaptive)side,chronic ISR signaling and unresolved SASP output drive stem cell exhaustion,fibrosis,inflammation,and tumorigenesis.This duality highlights their roles as both guardians and disruptors of stem cell integrity.Mechanistically,ISR regulates translational control via eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha(eIF2α)phosphorylation and activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)-dependent transcription,while SASP reprograms the extracellular milieu through cytokines,growth factors,and proteases.Their crosstalk creates feedback loops that shape tissue niches and long-termstemcell potential.Framing ISR-SASP interactions through a Yin-Yang lens underscores the balance between resilience and decline,to offer new insights into regenerative medicine,anti-aging interventions,and cancer therapeutics.
文摘The flight control law design for tanker should ensure that the closed-loop response can meet the aerial refueling mission requirements. In order to reveal the movement characteristics of the tanker and the handling characteristics of the pilot in aerial refueling, the flight path capture and hold under gust disturbance task is designed as the demonstration maneuver mission to evaluate the flying qualities for tanker in aerial refueling task, which is based on the design requirements of maneuvering tasks used in mission-oriented flying qualities assessment. By analyzing the flight path tracking and holding requirements of the tanker in aerial refueling mission, the relevant parameters that reflect the response characteristics of the tanker in pitch and roll axes are put forward. The ground flight simulation test based on mission-oriented flight quality assessment is conducted, and the test pilot's assessment results based on Cooper-Harper rating and PIO scales are obtained for different flight control law configurations. The suggested requirements of the closed-loop response characteristics of the pitch and roll axes of the tanker are put forward, which can be specifications for the aerial refueling mode flight control design of tanker.
基金supported by an intramural proof of concept grant of the NCT Heidelberg.
文摘Background The potential of exercise as a concurrent therapy for actively treated primary tumors has been suggested by emerging preclinical and observational studies.However,clinical trials regarding this question are scarce.Therefore,we conducted a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of aerobic or resistance exercise concomitant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)on tumor size.Methods In the BENEFIT study(German title:Bewegung bei neoadjuvanter chemotherapie zur verbesserung der fitness),patients with breast cancer scheduled for NACT were randomly assigned to supervised resistance training(RT,n=60)or aerobic training(AT,n=60)twice weekly during NACT or to a waitlist control group(WCG,n=60).The primary outcome,“change in tumor size”,as well as the secondary clinical outcomes pathologic complete response(pCR),type of surgery(breast conserving/mastectomy),axillary lymph node dissection(ALND,yes/no),premature discontinuation of chemotherapy(yes/no),and relative dose intensity(RDI)were derived from clinical records.Due to the highly skewed distribution,the primary outcome was categorized.Multiple(ordinal)logistic regression analyses were performed.Results Overall,there was no significant difference in post-intervention tumor size between RT or AT and WCG.However,there was a significant effect modification by hormone receptor(HR)status(P_(interaction)=0.030).Among patients with HR+tumors,results suggest a beneficial effect of AT on tumor shrinkage(odds ratio(OR)=2.37,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.97‒5.78),on pCR(OR=3.21,95%CI:0.97‒10.61);and on ALND(OR=3.76,95%CI:0.78‒18.06)compared to WCG.The effects of RT were slightly less pronounced.For HR−subtypes,beneficial effects on RDI were found for AT(OR=3.71,95%CI:1.20‒11.50)and similarly for RT(OR=2.58,95%CI:0.88‒7.59).Both AT and RT had favorable effects on premature discontinuation of chemotherapy(OR(no vs.yes)=2.34,95%CI:1.10‒5.06),irrespective of tumor receptor status.Conclusion While there was no significant effect on the primary outcome in the overall group,aerobic and resistance exercise concomitant to NACT seem to beneficially affect tumor shrinkage and pCR,reduce the need for ALND among patients with HR+breast cancers,and prevent low RDI among patients with HR–breast cancers.These results warrant confirmation in further trials.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3003805)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2022356)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project(Grant No.2023A04J0955).
文摘This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and structural response of the platform are studied,considering the actual platform motion and free surface rise under extreme sea states.First,the effects of the wave frequency and direction on the wave-induced loads and dynamic responses were examined.The motion at a wave direction angle of 0°is relatively low.On this basis,the angle constrained by the two sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters should be aligned with the main wave direction to avoid significant platform motion under extreme sea states.Additionally,the structural response of the platform,including the wave-absorbing floaters,is investigated.The results highlighted that the conditions or locations where yielding,buckling,and fatigue failures occur were different.In this context,the connection area of the Sharp Eagle floaters and platform is prone to yielding failure under oblique wave action,whereas the pontoon and side of the Sharp Eagle floaters are prone to buckling failure during significant vertical motion.Additionally,fatigue damage is most likely to occur at the connection between the middle column on both sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters and the pontoons.The findings of this paper revealed an intrinsic connection between wave-induced loads and the dynamic and structural responses of the platform,which provides a useful reference for the improved design of WECs.
