To explore the impact of partial centralization on supply chain performance,this study constructs a two-period game model of a closed-loop supply chain involving a manufacturer and an online retail platform participat...To explore the impact of partial centralization on supply chain performance,this study constructs a two-period game model of a closed-loop supply chain involving a manufacturer and an online retail platform participating in the trade-in strategy.Through mathematical modeling and numerical simulation methods,the optimal decisions were analyzed under conditions where the manufacturer partially owns the retail platform’s partial equity.This study finds that partial centralization yields the highest profits,followed by full centralization,with decentralized decisions yielding the lowest profits.Moderate centralization enhances overall profits by optimizing incentive mechanisms,whereas excessive ownership concentration reduces the flexibility of the retail platform,leading to a decline in profits.Additionally,product durability and trade-in subsidy significantly influence supply chain profitability:high-durability products reduce renewal frequency,while trade-in subsidy effectively stimulates consumer demand and increase overall profits.This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for companies implementing the trade-in strategy.展开更多
As the huge computation and easily trapped local optimum in remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain network (RCSCN) design considered, a genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed. The total cost of c...As the huge computation and easily trapped local optimum in remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain network (RCSCN) design considered, a genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed. The total cost of closed-loop supply chain was selected as fitness function, and a unique and tidy coding mode was adopted in the proposed algorithm. Then, some mutation and crossover operators were introduced to achieve discrete optimization of RCSCN structure. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can gain global optimal solution with good convergent performance and rapidity. The computing speed is only 22.16 s, which is shorter than those of the other optimization algorithms.展开更多
After building a dynamic evolutionary game model, the essay studies the stability of the equilibrium in the game between the commercial banks and the closed-loop supply chain(CLSC) enterprises. By design of systematic...After building a dynamic evolutionary game model, the essay studies the stability of the equilibrium in the game between the commercial banks and the closed-loop supply chain(CLSC) enterprises. By design of systematic mechanism based on system dynamics theory, capital chains of independent small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) on CLSC are organically linked together. Moreover, a comparative simulation is studied for the previous independent and post-design dependent systems. The study shows that with business expanding and market risk growing, the independent finance chains of SMEs on CLSC often take on a certain vulnerability, while the SMEs closed-loop supply chain finance system itself is with a strong rigidity and concerto.展开更多
With the increasing popularity of ecological civilization and sustainable development,enterprises should consider environmental protection measures in their operations in addition to pursue their economic interests.Th...With the increasing popularity of ecological civilization and sustainable development,enterprises should consider environmental protection measures in their operations in addition to pursue their economic interests.This paper establsihes a closed-loop supply chain network model composed of multiple suppliers,manufacturers,retailers,recyclers,and demand markets—regarding their dual goals of the profit maximization and the minimization of carbon emissions.The conditions necessary for establishing overall equilibrium and an equilibrium model of the entire closed-loop supply chain network are determined by applying variational inequality and dual theory.A modified projection contraction algorithm is used to design a model-solving program.Finally,using numerical examples,the paper conducts a comparative static analysis on important parameters such as the weight coefficients of environmental protection objectives and consumers'awareness of low-carbon environmental protection and attains some beneficial enlightenment on management.The results indicate that when the environmental protection objectives of a certain type of enterprise increases,both the economic benefits and environmental protection performance will improve;when the environmental protection objectives of all enterprises increases simultaneously,environmental protection performance improves significantly,but the changes in economic benefits of different enterprises are inconsistent and profit coordination is more complex.Although consumers’awareness of low-carbon preference could improve environmental performance,it reduces the overall profits of network members and the entire closed-loop supply chain network as a whole.The above conclusions can be used as a reference for the government in designing low-carbon environmental protection policy and in closed-loop supply chain research.展开更多
To determine the optimal pricing and carbon emission reduction decision, a closed-loop supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated. In this system, the manufacturer manufactures new products and re...To determine the optimal pricing and carbon emission reduction decision, a closed-loop supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated. In this system, the manufacturer manufactures new products and remanufactures used products while the retailer is responsible for selling new products and remanufactured products. The profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailer are developed, and the corresponding solution formulae for decision variables are given by the Stackelberg game model. Finally, a numerical example is given, and the optimal wholesale price, retail price, carbon emission reduction and others are obtained. Through the sensitivity of the unit carbon allowance price, some significant managerial insights are derived.展开更多
The saving of non-renewable energies, as well as the reduction of emissions into the environment, are two crucial objectives of industrial production. The recovery of post-consumer products associated with the use of ...The saving of non-renewable energies, as well as the reduction of emissions into the environment, are two crucial objectives of industrial production. The recovery of post-consumer products associated with the use of end-of-life products is part of a context of optimization of these objectives. This recovery maximizes the use of resources from end-of-life products in a circular logic while recording the environmental footprint. This study considers a recycling strategy adapted to the need and urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by global warming. The proposed model aims to optimize the profits of the circular manufacturing strategies while minimizing operational costs (collection, sorting, recycling), transport, GHG emissions and recycling. In this paper, a compromise between the gains of CM and the costs associated with it was studied. The robustness of the designed model was tested using a case study based on real-world scenarios. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to study the impact of the emission cost on the overall objective, considering the two options currently offered to industries. The obtained results support companies to take the ecological aspect into account and integrate sustainable development into their strategic axes for their logistics supply chains.展开更多
A class of closed-loop supply chain system consisting of one manufacturer and one supplier is designed, in which re-distribution, remanufacturing and reuse are considered synthetically. The manufacturer is in charge o...A class of closed-loop supply chain system consisting of one manufacturer and one supplier is designed, in which re-distribution, remanufacturing and reuse are considered synthetically. The manufacturer is in charge of recollecting and re-disposal the used products. Demands of ultimate products and collecting quantity of used products are described as the function of prices and reference prices. A non-linear dynamic pricing model for this closed-loop supply chain is established. A numerical example is designed, and the results of this example verified the model’s validity to price for the operation of closed-loop supply chain system.展开更多
A single product closed-loop supply chain that satisfies an uncertain market demand with original and remanufactured products is considered.The yield of the recovery process is random and depends on the acquisition pr...A single product closed-loop supply chain that satisfies an uncertain market demand with original and remanufactured products is considered.The yield of the recovery process is random and depends on the acquisition price offered for the end-of-life products.In such a stochastic setting,a firm needs to make production and procurement decisions so that the total expected profit is maximized.Both centralized and decentralized models are established depending on the party collecting the returns.The optimal acquisition price and production quantities of original and remanufactured products are determined for the firm.The contracts to coordinate the decentralized systems are chosen and the optimal contract parameters are determined.A computational experiment is given to show the effects of recovery parameters on the system performance.Results show that the recovery parameters have a high impact on the profitability of the manufacturer in the centralized model and on that of the collection agency in the decentralized model.展开更多
基于弹着点空间分布对目标毁伤效能的差异化影响,构建导弹命中目标不同重要区域的概率分布模型,实现对传统命中精度概念的扩展。针对导弹实打试验过程复杂、费用高、次数少的实际,采用贝叶斯方法融合多源信息,基于区域划分-分布确定-先...基于弹着点空间分布对目标毁伤效能的差异化影响,构建导弹命中目标不同重要区域的概率分布模型,实现对传统命中精度概念的扩展。针对导弹实打试验过程复杂、费用高、次数少的实际,采用贝叶斯方法融合多源信息,基于区域划分-分布确定-先验融合-后验求解的思路进行导弹命中精度估计。选取Dirichlet分布作为命中精度参数的先验分布,运用D-S(Dempster-Shafer)证据理论对先验信息进行融合处理,基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(Markov chain Monte Carlo, MCMC)方法对精度参数的后验分布进行求解。示例表明,该方法能够细致描述导弹命中目标不同重要区域的概率,并科学融合多源命中精度先验信息,为导弹命中精度估计方法及测试方案优化提供理论借鉴。展开更多
The productivity of an organization is very much affected by non-value adding activity like logistics, which moves the resources from suppliers to factory, raw materials/semi-finished items within the factory and fini...The productivity of an organization is very much affected by non-value adding activity like logistics, which moves the resources from suppliers to factory, raw materials/semi-finished items within the factory and finished goods from factory to customers via a designated distribution channel called as forward logistics. In some cases, parts of the products such as automobiles, computers, cameras, mobile phones, washing machines, refrigerators, garments, footwear and empty glass bottles of beverages, etc. will be brought back to the factories as a product recovery strategy through reverse logistics network which is integrated in a sustainable closed loop supply chain network. So, it is highly essential to optimize the movement of the items in the reverse logistics network. This paper gives a comprehensive review of literature of the design of networks for the reverse logistics as well as for the reverse logistics coupled with forward logistics. The contributions of the researchers are classified into nine categories based on the methods used to design the logistics network.展开更多
Recently, the product remanufacturing has been a hot topic in the field of operational management, and more manufacturers are beginning to recover the value in their end of life （EOI.） products hy remanufacturing. T...Recently, the product remanufacturing has been a hot topic in the field of operational management, and more manufacturers are beginning to recover the value in their end of life （EOI.） products hy remanufacturing. This paper focuses on the closed loop supply chain where the retailer takes charge of not only retail, but also col- lection. There are two possible types of the retailer＇s collection cost as an assumption, i.e. high cost or low cost, and the retailer knows his type, whereas the manufacturer only has a prior prohability over the two possible cost types. This paper deploys the contracts with which the manufacturer can screen the type of the retailer to improve her profit under incomplete information. As a result, the pooling contract can perfectly coordinate the decentral- ized system under incomplete information, but the manufacturer obtains the lower profit; nevertheless, with the separating contracts the manufacturer obtains the larger profits though the system profit is lower.展开更多
In order to satisfy the requirement of SI-traceable on-orbit absolute radiation calibration transfer with high accuracy for satellite remote sensors,a transfer chain consisting of a fiber coupling monochromator（FBM）...In order to satisfy the requirement of SI-traceable on-orbit absolute radiation calibration transfer with high accuracy for satellite remote sensors,a transfer chain consisting of a fiber coupling monochromator（FBM） and an integrating sphere transfer radiometer（ISTR） was designed in this paper.Depending on the Sun,this chain based on detectors provides precise spectral radiometric calibration and measurement to spectrometers in the reflective solar band（RSB） covering 300–2500 nm with a spectral bandwidth of 0.5–6 nm.It shortens the traditional chain based on lamp source and reduces the calibration uncertainty from 5% to 0.5% by using the cryogenic radiometer in space as a radiometric benchmark and trap detectors as secondary standard.This paper also gives a detailed uncertainty budget with reasonable distribution of each impact factor,including the weak spectral signal measurement with uncertainty of 0.28%.According to the peculiar design and comprehensive uncertainty analysis,it illustrates that the spectral radiance measurement uncertainty of the ISTR system can reach to 0.48%.The result satisfies the requirements of SI-traceable on-orbit calibration and has wider significance for expanding the application of the remote sensing data with high-quality.展开更多
The implementation of recycling activity is of great significance to closed-loop supply chain operations.Consumers’environmental awareness and governmental subsidy are considered in the two-echelon closed-loop supply...The implementation of recycling activity is of great significance to closed-loop supply chain operations.Consumers’environmental awareness and governmental subsidy are considered in the two-echelon closed-loop supply chain.Two types of decision-making structures are proposed under different carbon emission regulations.The subsidy sharing mechanism is designed to resolve the channel members’conflict caused by double marginalization.This paper provides insight into the effect of environmental awareness and government subsidy under different low-carbon regulations on the supply chain benefit and social welfare via the game theory.The analysis results display that the government subsidy and subsidy sharing mechanism are profitably beneficial to the whole supply chain and social welfare.Moreover,a noteworthy result reveals that social welfare is not always directly proportional to consumers’environmental awareness.Social welfare decreases slightly with the increase in consumers’environmental awareness when consumers’environmental awareness is weak.However,social welfare will be significantly improved when consumers’environmental awareness increases beyond a certain threshold.展开更多
文摘To explore the impact of partial centralization on supply chain performance,this study constructs a two-period game model of a closed-loop supply chain involving a manufacturer and an online retail platform participating in the trade-in strategy.Through mathematical modeling and numerical simulation methods,the optimal decisions were analyzed under conditions where the manufacturer partially owns the retail platform’s partial equity.This study finds that partial centralization yields the highest profits,followed by full centralization,with decentralized decisions yielding the lowest profits.Moderate centralization enhances overall profits by optimizing incentive mechanisms,whereas excessive ownership concentration reduces the flexibility of the retail platform,leading to a decline in profits.Additionally,product durability and trade-in subsidy significantly influence supply chain profitability:high-durability products reduce renewal frequency,while trade-in subsidy effectively stimulates consumer demand and increase overall profits.This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for companies implementing the trade-in strategy.
基金Project(2011ZK2030)supported by the Soft Science Research Plan of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2010ZDB42)supported by the Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Projects(09A048,11B070)supported by the Science Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province,ChinaProjects(2010GK3036,2011FJ6049)supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Hunan Province,China
文摘As the huge computation and easily trapped local optimum in remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain network (RCSCN) design considered, a genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed. The total cost of closed-loop supply chain was selected as fitness function, and a unique and tidy coding mode was adopted in the proposed algorithm. Then, some mutation and crossover operators were introduced to achieve discrete optimization of RCSCN structure. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can gain global optimal solution with good convergent performance and rapidity. The computing speed is only 22.16 s, which is shorter than those of the other optimization algorithms.
基金the Natural Science Research Fund of Hubei Province(No.2014BDH121)
文摘After building a dynamic evolutionary game model, the essay studies the stability of the equilibrium in the game between the commercial banks and the closed-loop supply chain(CLSC) enterprises. By design of systematic mechanism based on system dynamics theory, capital chains of independent small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) on CLSC are organically linked together. Moreover, a comparative simulation is studied for the previous independent and post-design dependent systems. The study shows that with business expanding and market risk growing, the independent finance chains of SMEs on CLSC often take on a certain vulnerability, while the SMEs closed-loop supply chain finance system itself is with a strong rigidity and concerto.
基金supported by Humanity and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China[Grant number 17YJA630130].
文摘With the increasing popularity of ecological civilization and sustainable development,enterprises should consider environmental protection measures in their operations in addition to pursue their economic interests.This paper establsihes a closed-loop supply chain network model composed of multiple suppliers,manufacturers,retailers,recyclers,and demand markets—regarding their dual goals of the profit maximization and the minimization of carbon emissions.The conditions necessary for establishing overall equilibrium and an equilibrium model of the entire closed-loop supply chain network are determined by applying variational inequality and dual theory.A modified projection contraction algorithm is used to design a model-solving program.Finally,using numerical examples,the paper conducts a comparative static analysis on important parameters such as the weight coefficients of environmental protection objectives and consumers'awareness of low-carbon environmental protection and attains some beneficial enlightenment on management.The results indicate that when the environmental protection objectives of a certain type of enterprise increases,both the economic benefits and environmental protection performance will improve;when the environmental protection objectives of all enterprises increases simultaneously,environmental protection performance improves significantly,but the changes in economic benefits of different enterprises are inconsistent and profit coordination is more complex.Although consumers’awareness of low-carbon preference could improve environmental performance,it reduces the overall profits of network members and the entire closed-loop supply chain network as a whole.The above conclusions can be used as a reference for the government in designing low-carbon environmental protection policy and in closed-loop supply chain research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71661003)
文摘To determine the optimal pricing and carbon emission reduction decision, a closed-loop supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated. In this system, the manufacturer manufactures new products and remanufactures used products while the retailer is responsible for selling new products and remanufactured products. The profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailer are developed, and the corresponding solution formulae for decision variables are given by the Stackelberg game model. Finally, a numerical example is given, and the optimal wholesale price, retail price, carbon emission reduction and others are obtained. Through the sensitivity of the unit carbon allowance price, some significant managerial insights are derived.
文摘The saving of non-renewable energies, as well as the reduction of emissions into the environment, are two crucial objectives of industrial production. The recovery of post-consumer products associated with the use of end-of-life products is part of a context of optimization of these objectives. This recovery maximizes the use of resources from end-of-life products in a circular logic while recording the environmental footprint. This study considers a recycling strategy adapted to the need and urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by global warming. The proposed model aims to optimize the profits of the circular manufacturing strategies while minimizing operational costs (collection, sorting, recycling), transport, GHG emissions and recycling. In this paper, a compromise between the gains of CM and the costs associated with it was studied. The robustness of the designed model was tested using a case study based on real-world scenarios. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to study the impact of the emission cost on the overall objective, considering the two options currently offered to industries. The obtained results support companies to take the ecological aspect into account and integrate sustainable development into their strategic axes for their logistics supply chains.
文摘A class of closed-loop supply chain system consisting of one manufacturer and one supplier is designed, in which re-distribution, remanufacturing and reuse are considered synthetically. The manufacturer is in charge of recollecting and re-disposal the used products. Demands of ultimate products and collecting quantity of used products are described as the function of prices and reference prices. A non-linear dynamic pricing model for this closed-loop supply chain is established. A numerical example is designed, and the results of this example verified the model’s validity to price for the operation of closed-loop supply chain system.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70772059)
文摘A single product closed-loop supply chain that satisfies an uncertain market demand with original and remanufactured products is considered.The yield of the recovery process is random and depends on the acquisition price offered for the end-of-life products.In such a stochastic setting,a firm needs to make production and procurement decisions so that the total expected profit is maximized.Both centralized and decentralized models are established depending on the party collecting the returns.The optimal acquisition price and production quantities of original and remanufactured products are determined for the firm.The contracts to coordinate the decentralized systems are chosen and the optimal contract parameters are determined.A computational experiment is given to show the effects of recovery parameters on the system performance.Results show that the recovery parameters have a high impact on the profitability of the manufacturer in the centralized model and on that of the collection agency in the decentralized model.
文摘基于弹着点空间分布对目标毁伤效能的差异化影响,构建导弹命中目标不同重要区域的概率分布模型,实现对传统命中精度概念的扩展。针对导弹实打试验过程复杂、费用高、次数少的实际,采用贝叶斯方法融合多源信息,基于区域划分-分布确定-先验融合-后验求解的思路进行导弹命中精度估计。选取Dirichlet分布作为命中精度参数的先验分布,运用D-S(Dempster-Shafer)证据理论对先验信息进行融合处理,基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(Markov chain Monte Carlo, MCMC)方法对精度参数的后验分布进行求解。示例表明,该方法能够细致描述导弹命中目标不同重要区域的概率,并科学融合多源命中精度先验信息,为导弹命中精度估计方法及测试方案优化提供理论借鉴。
文摘The productivity of an organization is very much affected by non-value adding activity like logistics, which moves the resources from suppliers to factory, raw materials/semi-finished items within the factory and finished goods from factory to customers via a designated distribution channel called as forward logistics. In some cases, parts of the products such as automobiles, computers, cameras, mobile phones, washing machines, refrigerators, garments, footwear and empty glass bottles of beverages, etc. will be brought back to the factories as a product recovery strategy through reverse logistics network which is integrated in a sustainable closed loop supply chain network. So, it is highly essential to optimize the movement of the items in the reverse logistics network. This paper gives a comprehensive review of literature of the design of networks for the reverse logistics as well as for the reverse logistics coupled with forward logistics. The contributions of the researchers are classified into nine categories based on the methods used to design the logistics network.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 70372056)
文摘Recently, the product remanufacturing has been a hot topic in the field of operational management, and more manufacturers are beginning to recover the value in their end of life （EOI.） products hy remanufacturing. This paper focuses on the closed loop supply chain where the retailer takes charge of not only retail, but also col- lection. There are two possible types of the retailer＇s collection cost as an assumption, i.e. high cost or low cost, and the retailer knows his type, whereas the manufacturer only has a prior prohability over the two possible cost types. This paper deploys the contracts with which the manufacturer can screen the type of the retailer to improve her profit under incomplete information. As a result, the pooling contract can perfectly coordinate the decentral- ized system under incomplete information, but the manufacturer obtains the lower profit; nevertheless, with the separating contracts the manufacturer obtains the larger profits though the system profit is lower.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41474161)the National High-Technology Program of China(Grant No.2015AA123703)
文摘In order to satisfy the requirement of SI-traceable on-orbit absolute radiation calibration transfer with high accuracy for satellite remote sensors,a transfer chain consisting of a fiber coupling monochromator（FBM） and an integrating sphere transfer radiometer（ISTR） was designed in this paper.Depending on the Sun,this chain based on detectors provides precise spectral radiometric calibration and measurement to spectrometers in the reflective solar band（RSB） covering 300–2500 nm with a spectral bandwidth of 0.5–6 nm.It shortens the traditional chain based on lamp source and reduces the calibration uncertainty from 5% to 0.5% by using the cryogenic radiometer in space as a radiometric benchmark and trap detectors as secondary standard.This paper also gives a detailed uncertainty budget with reasonable distribution of each impact factor,including the weak spectral signal measurement with uncertainty of 0.28%.According to the peculiar design and comprehensive uncertainty analysis,it illustrates that the spectral radiance measurement uncertainty of the ISTR system can reach to 0.48%.The result satisfies the requirements of SI-traceable on-orbit calibration and has wider significance for expanding the application of the remote sensing data with high-quality.
基金School of Science,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Guanghan,618307,Sichuan,China。
文摘The implementation of recycling activity is of great significance to closed-loop supply chain operations.Consumers’environmental awareness and governmental subsidy are considered in the two-echelon closed-loop supply chain.Two types of decision-making structures are proposed under different carbon emission regulations.The subsidy sharing mechanism is designed to resolve the channel members’conflict caused by double marginalization.This paper provides insight into the effect of environmental awareness and government subsidy under different low-carbon regulations on the supply chain benefit and social welfare via the game theory.The analysis results display that the government subsidy and subsidy sharing mechanism are profitably beneficial to the whole supply chain and social welfare.Moreover,a noteworthy result reveals that social welfare is not always directly proportional to consumers’environmental awareness.Social welfare decreases slightly with the increase in consumers’environmental awareness when consumers’environmental awareness is weak.However,social welfare will be significantly improved when consumers’environmental awareness increases beyond a certain threshold.
