Dear Editor,Since 2024,the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5N1 viruses have been identified in dairy cattle in the United States,raising global concerns about public health(Neumann and Kawaoka,2...Dear Editor,Since 2024,the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5N1 viruses have been identified in dairy cattle in the United States,raising global concerns about public health(Neumann and Kawaoka,2024).As of December 18,2024,the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)has reported over 61 confirmed cases of H5N1 infection in humans,predominantly associated with exposure to infected poultry or dairy cattle(U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,2024).Notably,the circulating 2.3.4.4b H5N1 clade has demonstrated continuous evolution in both wild and domestic birds globally,with expanding mammalian host tropism that now includes swine,cats,red foxes,harbor seals,and skunks(Peacock et al.,2024).These viruses have not only incurred substantial economic impacts but also posed dual threats to human health and ecological stability particularly during co-infections with other viruses(Abolnik,2024;Wang and Wang,2023).展开更多
BACKGROUND Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1(SERPINH1)was initially recognized as an oncogene implicated in various human malignancies.Nevertheless,the clinical relevance and functional implications of SERPI...BACKGROUND Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1(SERPINH1)was initially recognized as an oncogene implicated in various human malignancies.Nevertheless,the clinical relevance and functional implications of SERPINH1 in colorectal cancer(CRC)remain largely elusive.AIM To investigate the effects of SERPINH1 on CRC cells and its specific mechanism.METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,western blotting analysis,The Cancer Genome Atlas data mining and immunohistochemistry were employed to examine SERPINH1 expression in CRC cell lines and tissues.A series of in-vitro assays were performed to demonstrate the function of SERPINH1 and its possible mechanisms in CRC.RESULTS SERPINH1 demonstrated elevated expression levels in both CRC cells and tissues,manifested at both mRNA and protein tiers.Elevated SERPINH1 levels correlated closely with advanced T stage,lymph node involvement,and distant metastasis,exhibiting a significant association with poorer overall survival among CRC patients.Subsequent investigations unveiled that SERPINH1 overexpression notably bolstered CRC cell proliferation,invasion,and migration in vitro,while conversely,SERPINH1 knockdown elicited the opposite effects.Gene set enrichment analysis underscored a correlation between SERPINH1 upregulation and genes associated with cell cycle regulation.Our findings underscored the capacity of heightened SERPINH1 levels to expedite G1/S phase cell cycle progression via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway activation,thereby facilitating CRC cell invasion and migration.CONCLUSION These findings imply a crucial involvement of SERPINH1 in the advancement and escalation of CRC,potentially positioning it as a novel candidate for prognostic assessment and therapeutic intervention in CRC management.展开更多
As the global community continues to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic,the World Health Organization has issued a warning of another viral infection,mpox(monkeypox),that can pose a significant threat to public health...As the global community continues to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic,the World Health Organization has issued a warning of another viral infection,mpox(monkeypox),that can pose a significant threat to public health.Mpox was once endemic in Africa but has spread globally,prompting the World Health Organization to declare it a public health emergency.In response,healthcare personnel must initiate timely,decisive,and robust action before the infection escalates.Moreover,accurate diagnosis is crucial,given the similarity between mpox and other rash-causing infections.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the symptoms,differentiating it from similar diseases,risk assessment,and treatment strategies.In addition,it aims to educate healthcare personnel with the necessary knowledge to educate others and take preventative measures when handling cases,thereby avoiding the spread of infection.展开更多
Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where s...Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.展开更多
One caveat to the dinosaur’s extinction is the conclusion that avian dinosaurs survived and became ancestors of birds. Their mobility enabled them to migrate great distances and find the nutrients needed to survive. ...One caveat to the dinosaur’s extinction is the conclusion that avian dinosaurs survived and became ancestors of birds. Their mobility enabled them to migrate great distances and find the nutrients needed to survive. Given this scenario, could the current observable migration of birds (the “dinosaurian offspring”) now be related? Migration is the regular seasonal movement undertaken by many species of birds, with the most common pattern, flying north in the Northern spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the Northern autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions of the south. The primary motivation for migration appears to be food. None of the major North-South migratory pathways fly over the Caribbean but three main fly ways, past to the west of the theorized K-T impact centre. Due to their ability to fly, the “avian Dinosaurs” adapted and survived very quickly in response to the disaster that marked the K-T boundary. It is an interesting speculation that the avian migration that we witness today is rooted in an event that occurred 66 million years ago! But it does explain why the migratory birds mostly fly from Polar summer to polar summer when they could just be as easily fly from Polar zone to the warmer equatorial region and back. In the recent article in Nature by Melanie During about identifying the late spring timing of the “Astro disaster”, it can be cited as consistent with my speculation. A late April early May Impact as suggested by During would have seen these migrations completely. The western migratory routes would have been found to be “luxurious” in vegetation in that first northern autumn after the “Astro-impact” while all eastern routes would have still been barren.展开更多
The 3003/4045 aluminum alloys cladding hollow billets with the diameter of 60 mm and external thickness of 3 mm are fabricated by horizontal electromagnetic continuous casting.The surface features of ingots and micros...The 3003/4045 aluminum alloys cladding hollow billets with the diameter of 60 mm and external thickness of 3 mm are fabricated by horizontal electromagnetic continuous casting.The surface features of ingots and microstructures of the bonding interface are observed.The results show that cladding hollow billets combine the external and internal layers by metallurgical bonding without mixing when the pouring temperature of the external liquid metal is 903 K.The diffusion region with the thickness of 25 μm can be seen clearly,where mutual diffusion of Si and Mn atoms takes place. In addition,the intermetallic compound Al_(12)(FeMn)_3Si_2 is formed in the interface.展开更多
文摘Dear Editor,Since 2024,the clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5N1 viruses have been identified in dairy cattle in the United States,raising global concerns about public health(Neumann and Kawaoka,2024).As of December 18,2024,the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)has reported over 61 confirmed cases of H5N1 infection in humans,predominantly associated with exposure to infected poultry or dairy cattle(U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,2024).Notably,the circulating 2.3.4.4b H5N1 clade has demonstrated continuous evolution in both wild and domestic birds globally,with expanding mammalian host tropism that now includes swine,cats,red foxes,harbor seals,and skunks(Peacock et al.,2024).These viruses have not only incurred substantial economic impacts but also posed dual threats to human health and ecological stability particularly during co-infections with other viruses(Abolnik,2024;Wang and Wang,2023).
基金Supported by Ruian Natural Science Foundation,No.MS2021008.
文摘BACKGROUND Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1(SERPINH1)was initially recognized as an oncogene implicated in various human malignancies.Nevertheless,the clinical relevance and functional implications of SERPINH1 in colorectal cancer(CRC)remain largely elusive.AIM To investigate the effects of SERPINH1 on CRC cells and its specific mechanism.METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,western blotting analysis,The Cancer Genome Atlas data mining and immunohistochemistry were employed to examine SERPINH1 expression in CRC cell lines and tissues.A series of in-vitro assays were performed to demonstrate the function of SERPINH1 and its possible mechanisms in CRC.RESULTS SERPINH1 demonstrated elevated expression levels in both CRC cells and tissues,manifested at both mRNA and protein tiers.Elevated SERPINH1 levels correlated closely with advanced T stage,lymph node involvement,and distant metastasis,exhibiting a significant association with poorer overall survival among CRC patients.Subsequent investigations unveiled that SERPINH1 overexpression notably bolstered CRC cell proliferation,invasion,and migration in vitro,while conversely,SERPINH1 knockdown elicited the opposite effects.Gene set enrichment analysis underscored a correlation between SERPINH1 upregulation and genes associated with cell cycle regulation.Our findings underscored the capacity of heightened SERPINH1 levels to expedite G1/S phase cell cycle progression via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway activation,thereby facilitating CRC cell invasion and migration.CONCLUSION These findings imply a crucial involvement of SERPINH1 in the advancement and escalation of CRC,potentially positioning it as a novel candidate for prognostic assessment and therapeutic intervention in CRC management.
文摘As the global community continues to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic,the World Health Organization has issued a warning of another viral infection,mpox(monkeypox),that can pose a significant threat to public health.Mpox was once endemic in Africa but has spread globally,prompting the World Health Organization to declare it a public health emergency.In response,healthcare personnel must initiate timely,decisive,and robust action before the infection escalates.Moreover,accurate diagnosis is crucial,given the similarity between mpox and other rash-causing infections.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the symptoms,differentiating it from similar diseases,risk assessment,and treatment strategies.In addition,it aims to educate healthcare personnel with the necessary knowledge to educate others and take preventative measures when handling cases,thereby avoiding the spread of infection.
文摘Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.
文摘One caveat to the dinosaur’s extinction is the conclusion that avian dinosaurs survived and became ancestors of birds. Their mobility enabled them to migrate great distances and find the nutrients needed to survive. Given this scenario, could the current observable migration of birds (the “dinosaurian offspring”) now be related? Migration is the regular seasonal movement undertaken by many species of birds, with the most common pattern, flying north in the Northern spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the Northern autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions of the south. The primary motivation for migration appears to be food. None of the major North-South migratory pathways fly over the Caribbean but three main fly ways, past to the west of the theorized K-T impact centre. Due to their ability to fly, the “avian Dinosaurs” adapted and survived very quickly in response to the disaster that marked the K-T boundary. It is an interesting speculation that the avian migration that we witness today is rooted in an event that occurred 66 million years ago! But it does explain why the migratory birds mostly fly from Polar summer to polar summer when they could just be as easily fly from Polar zone to the warmer equatorial region and back. In the recent article in Nature by Melanie During about identifying the late spring timing of the “Astro disaster”, it can be cited as consistent with my speculation. A late April early May Impact as suggested by During would have seen these migrations completely. The western migratory routes would have been found to be “luxurious” in vegetation in that first northern autumn after the “Astro-impact” while all eastern routes would have still been barren.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.51074031]
文摘The 3003/4045 aluminum alloys cladding hollow billets with the diameter of 60 mm and external thickness of 3 mm are fabricated by horizontal electromagnetic continuous casting.The surface features of ingots and microstructures of the bonding interface are observed.The results show that cladding hollow billets combine the external and internal layers by metallurgical bonding without mixing when the pouring temperature of the external liquid metal is 903 K.The diffusion region with the thickness of 25 μm can be seen clearly,where mutual diffusion of Si and Mn atoms takes place. In addition,the intermetallic compound Al_(12)(FeMn)_3Si_2 is formed in the interface.
