The Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) is a new winter resident in Beijing due to temperature changes.To understand the wintering ecology of this species better, a field survey covering the number of birds of this population...The Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) is a new winter resident in Beijing due to temperature changes.To understand the wintering ecology of this species better, a field survey covering the number of birds of this population, habitat selection, feeding activity and grouping behavior was conducted at the Shidu Nature Reserve from January 2004 to March 2009. The results show that the Black Stork selected the Juma River at this nature reserve as their new winter habitat. The number of birds in this population decreased from 28 in the 2004/2005 winter to 17 in the 2007/2008 winter with a subsequent recovery to 23 the following year. The wintering flock was formed in mid-November and dispersed in mid-March, but the date changed with seasonal temperature fluctuations. The storks exhibited feeding habitat fidelity and the main food type was fish (＞ 92.4%). There was no significant variation in food composition between adults and sub-adults (Mann-Whitney U test, U = 1.00, p = 0.44). Feeding activity occurred in the morning and at noon during early winter, but concentrated in the afternoon during mid winter, divided into dawn and dusk in late winter. Daily fish intake was 538 g for adults and 449 g for sub-adults if the period of foraging reached six hours in the wild, which was similar to the level under artificial feeding. Agonistic behavior among feeding birds was observed among group members in late winter. The main negative factor for wintering Black Stork was a reduced feeding habitat resulting from increased water depth due to damming of the river to benefit tourism and to wetland exploitation.展开更多
Background:The Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)breeds in southeastern Siberia and parts of northeast China,and winters mainly in southeast China.Although the autumn migration pattern of Oriental Storks has been previ-...Background:The Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)breeds in southeastern Siberia and parts of northeast China,and winters mainly in southeast China.Although the autumn migration pattern of Oriental Storks has been previ-ously described,differences between spring and autumn migration travel speed in relation to wind assistance were unknown.Methods:Using GPS/GSM transmitters,we tracked the full migrations of 18 Oriental Storks during 2015-2018 to compare differences in autumn and spring migration patterns,and combined the satellite telemetry data with the National Center for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis data to explain the relationship between 850 mbar wind vec-tors and seasonal differences in travel speed.Results:Differences in tailwinds contributed to significant differences in daily average Oriental Storks travel speed in spring(258.11±64.8 km/day)compared to autumn(172.23±49.7 km/day,p<0.001).Storks stopped significantly more often in autumn than spring(1.78±1.1 versus 1.06±0.9,p<0.05),but stopover duration(15.52±12.4 versus 16.30±15.1 days,respectively,p=0.3)did not differ significantly.Tailwinds at 850 mbar pressure level(extracted from the National Center of Environmental Prediction Reanalysis data archive)significantly affected daily flying speed dur-ing spring and autumn migration.Tailwind conditions in spring(mean 4.40±5.6 m/s)were always more favourable than in autumn when they received no net benefit(0.48±5.6 m/s,p<0.001).Despite mean spring migration dura-tion being less than autumn(27.52±15.9 versus 32.77±13.4 days,p=0.17),large individual variation meant that this duration did not differ significantly from each other.Conclusions:For long distance migratory soaring birds(such as storks),relative duration of spring and autumn migration likely relates to the interaction between imperative for earliest arrival to breeding grounds and seasonal meteorological conditions experienced en route.展开更多
The Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) is a large and endangered waterbird in East Asia.Research on conservation genetics of this species is urgently needed.In this study,microsatellite marking technology was use...The Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) is a large and endangered waterbird in East Asia.Research on conservation genetics of this species is urgently needed.In this study,microsatellite marking technology was used for screening and analysis of genetic diversity of microsatellite markers in Oriental White Storks.A total of 36 pairs of microsatellite primers were used,of which 7 pairs came from Ciconia ciconia,12 pairs from Nipponia nippon and 17 pairs from Ardea herodias.Microsatellite loci were screened from 23 individuals of the Oriental White Stork and 11 microsatellite loci were found with high polymorphism.The number of population alleles ranged from 3 to 11,averaging 7.09.The average expected heterozygosity (H e) was 0.7816 and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) 0.7172,suggesting a relatively high genetic diversity in the population.展开更多
基金funded by the Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center
文摘The Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) is a new winter resident in Beijing due to temperature changes.To understand the wintering ecology of this species better, a field survey covering the number of birds of this population, habitat selection, feeding activity and grouping behavior was conducted at the Shidu Nature Reserve from January 2004 to March 2009. The results show that the Black Stork selected the Juma River at this nature reserve as their new winter habitat. The number of birds in this population decreased from 28 in the 2004/2005 winter to 17 in the 2007/2008 winter with a subsequent recovery to 23 the following year. The wintering flock was formed in mid-November and dispersed in mid-March, but the date changed with seasonal temperature fluctuations. The storks exhibited feeding habitat fidelity and the main food type was fish (＞ 92.4%). There was no significant variation in food composition between adults and sub-adults (Mann-Whitney U test, U = 1.00, p = 0.44). Feeding activity occurred in the morning and at noon during early winter, but concentrated in the afternoon during mid winter, divided into dawn and dusk in late winter. Daily fish intake was 538 g for adults and 449 g for sub-adults if the period of foraging reached six hours in the wild, which was similar to the level under artificial feeding. Agonistic behavior among feeding birds was observed among group members in late winter. The main negative factor for wintering Black Stork was a reduced feeding habitat resulting from increased water depth due to damming of the river to benefit tourism and to wetland exploitation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Programme of China(Grant No.2016YFC0500406)International Cooperation and Exchange project NSFC(Grant No.31661143027)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31870369 and 31970433)China Biodiversity Observation Networks(Sino BON)。
文摘Background:The Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)breeds in southeastern Siberia and parts of northeast China,and winters mainly in southeast China.Although the autumn migration pattern of Oriental Storks has been previ-ously described,differences between spring and autumn migration travel speed in relation to wind assistance were unknown.Methods:Using GPS/GSM transmitters,we tracked the full migrations of 18 Oriental Storks during 2015-2018 to compare differences in autumn and spring migration patterns,and combined the satellite telemetry data with the National Center for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis data to explain the relationship between 850 mbar wind vec-tors and seasonal differences in travel speed.Results:Differences in tailwinds contributed to significant differences in daily average Oriental Storks travel speed in spring(258.11±64.8 km/day)compared to autumn(172.23±49.7 km/day,p<0.001).Storks stopped significantly more often in autumn than spring(1.78±1.1 versus 1.06±0.9,p<0.05),but stopover duration(15.52±12.4 versus 16.30±15.1 days,respectively,p=0.3)did not differ significantly.Tailwinds at 850 mbar pressure level(extracted from the National Center of Environmental Prediction Reanalysis data archive)significantly affected daily flying speed dur-ing spring and autumn migration.Tailwind conditions in spring(mean 4.40±5.6 m/s)were always more favourable than in autumn when they received no net benefit(0.48±5.6 m/s,p<0.001).Despite mean spring migration dura-tion being less than autumn(27.52±15.9 versus 32.77±13.4 days,p=0.17),large individual variation meant that this duration did not differ significantly from each other.Conclusions:For long distance migratory soaring birds(such as storks),relative duration of spring and autumn migration likely relates to the interaction between imperative for earliest arrival to breeding grounds and seasonal meteorological conditions experienced en route.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.3087317)the Anhui Academic and Technical Reserve Candidate Leaders Fund
文摘The Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) is a large and endangered waterbird in East Asia.Research on conservation genetics of this species is urgently needed.In this study,microsatellite marking technology was used for screening and analysis of genetic diversity of microsatellite markers in Oriental White Storks.A total of 36 pairs of microsatellite primers were used,of which 7 pairs came from Ciconia ciconia,12 pairs from Nipponia nippon and 17 pairs from Ardea herodias.Microsatellite loci were screened from 23 individuals of the Oriental White Stork and 11 microsatellite loci were found with high polymorphism.The number of population alleles ranged from 3 to 11,averaging 7.09.The average expected heterozygosity (H e) was 0.7816 and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) 0.7172,suggesting a relatively high genetic diversity in the population.
