Defects at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite films are extremely detrimental to both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,a simple and stable quaternary ammonium halide,...Defects at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite films are extremely detrimental to both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,a simple and stable quaternary ammonium halide,named chlormequat chloride(i.e.,chlorinated choline chloride,CCC),is introduced to regulate the upper surface chemical environment of perovskite films.The anion(Cl^(-))and cation[ClCH_(2)CH_(2)N(CH_(3))_(3)]+in CCC could effectively self-search and passivate positively and negatively charged ionic defects in per ovskites,respectively,which contributes to inhibited nonradiative recombination and reduced energy los in PSCs.As a result,the champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs can be significantly enhanced from 22.82%to 24.07%.Moreover,the unencapsulated device with CCC modification retains 92.0%of it original PCE even subject to thermal aging at 85℃ for 2496 h.This work provides guidance for the ratio nal design of functional molecules as defect passivators in PSCs,which is beneficial for the improvement in both device performance and stability.展开更多
Chlormequat is a quaternary ammonium and choline chlorinated derivated is used as plant growth regulating agent. There are very few documented cases of poisoning in humans. We reported a case of non-fatal suicide atte...Chlormequat is a quaternary ammonium and choline chlorinated derivated is used as plant growth regulating agent. There are very few documented cases of poisoning in humans. We reported a case of non-fatal suicide attempt by chlormequat in France. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to hospital after deliberate consumption of plant growth regulator, C5 SUN, containing chlormequat chloride (460 g/L) and choline chloride (320 g/L). Immediately, she developed symptoms of respiratory distress and a cardiac massage was begun by her father. In this case report, we described the method for an accurate and reliable screening of chlormequat which was based on the combination of Target Analysis powerful software and a high performance TOF-MS (Impact HD from Bruker). After forced diuresis, the kinetic of elimination of chlormequat is biphasic: vascular phase diffusion (half-life of 5.6 hr) followed by a phase of free elimination (half-life of 16.2 h). Although chlormequat poisoning is clinically similar to that observed with anticholinesterase compounds, chlormequat chloride is not an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Chlormequat seems to be a weak substrat competitor for cholinesterase leading to acetylcholine accumulation and prolonged depolarization in muscular junction. Cardiac massage, artificial respiration and forced diuresis have significantly improved the prognosis of our patient.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21773218)and Huacai Solar Co.,Ltd.。
文摘Defects at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite films are extremely detrimental to both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,a simple and stable quaternary ammonium halide,named chlormequat chloride(i.e.,chlorinated choline chloride,CCC),is introduced to regulate the upper surface chemical environment of perovskite films.The anion(Cl^(-))and cation[ClCH_(2)CH_(2)N(CH_(3))_(3)]+in CCC could effectively self-search and passivate positively and negatively charged ionic defects in per ovskites,respectively,which contributes to inhibited nonradiative recombination and reduced energy los in PSCs.As a result,the champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs can be significantly enhanced from 22.82%to 24.07%.Moreover,the unencapsulated device with CCC modification retains 92.0%of it original PCE even subject to thermal aging at 85℃ for 2496 h.This work provides guidance for the ratio nal design of functional molecules as defect passivators in PSCs,which is beneficial for the improvement in both device performance and stability.
文摘Chlormequat is a quaternary ammonium and choline chlorinated derivated is used as plant growth regulating agent. There are very few documented cases of poisoning in humans. We reported a case of non-fatal suicide attempt by chlormequat in France. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to hospital after deliberate consumption of plant growth regulator, C5 SUN, containing chlormequat chloride (460 g/L) and choline chloride (320 g/L). Immediately, she developed symptoms of respiratory distress and a cardiac massage was begun by her father. In this case report, we described the method for an accurate and reliable screening of chlormequat which was based on the combination of Target Analysis powerful software and a high performance TOF-MS (Impact HD from Bruker). After forced diuresis, the kinetic of elimination of chlormequat is biphasic: vascular phase diffusion (half-life of 5.6 hr) followed by a phase of free elimination (half-life of 16.2 h). Although chlormequat poisoning is clinically similar to that observed with anticholinesterase compounds, chlormequat chloride is not an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Chlormequat seems to be a weak substrat competitor for cholinesterase leading to acetylcholine accumulation and prolonged depolarization in muscular junction. Cardiac massage, artificial respiration and forced diuresis have significantly improved the prognosis of our patient.
