In present study,four new dammarane-type triterpenoids,namely caffruones A–D(1–4),were isolated from the cherries of Coffea arabica.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D,2...In present study,four new dammarane-type triterpenoids,namely caffruones A–D(1–4),were isolated from the cherries of Coffea arabica.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D,2D NMR(HSQC,HMBC,^(1)H–^(1)H COSY,and ROESY),HRMS and IR spectra.This is the first time that tetracyclic triterpenes have been reported in genus Coffea.展开更多
Impedance (Z), and phase angle (θ) of a parallel-plate capacitor with a single cherry fruit between the plates were measured using a CI meter (Chari’s Impedance meter), at 1 and 9 MHz. Capacitance C was derived from...Impedance (Z), and phase angle (θ) of a parallel-plate capacitor with a single cherry fruit between the plates were measured using a CI meter (Chari’s Impedance meter), at 1 and 9 MHz. Capacitance C was derived from Z and θ, and by using the C, θ, and Z values of a set of cherries whose moisture content (MC) values were later determined by the hot air-oven method, a calibration equation was developed. Using this equation, and their measured C, θ, and Z values, the MC of a group of cherries, not used in the calibration, was predicted. The predicted values were compared with their vacuum-oven values. The method worked well with an R2 value of 0.98 and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 1.24, in the measured moisture range between 5% and 20%.展开更多
In this study, the effects of the storage duration of coffee cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying on the kinetics of drying, fungi development and the variation of physicochemical content were eval...In this study, the effects of the storage duration of coffee cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying on the kinetics of drying, fungi development and the variation of physicochemical content were evaluated. The results showed that the longer coffee cherries were stored after harvest before putting out for sun drying, the quicker they dried. Indeed, the drying durations were 19, 16, 12, 10, 7 days respectively for coffee cherries put out for sun drying at the day of harvest, the second, the fourth, the sixth and the eighth day after harvest. However, this storage of the cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying led to the increasing to the infection of cherries by fungi. Indeed, samples of more contaminated inside were those from the lots of cherries stored 8 days after harvest before putting out for sun drying with 55.55% of the samples infected with a percentage of infected beans between 10% and 50%, and 44.45% of the samples were infected with a percentage of infected beans between 50% and 100%. Furthermore, those put out for sun drying at the day of harvest were free inside by fungi. Among the fungi isolated, toxigenic species was found. However, no relationship between the frequencies of ochratoxin A producing strains isolated and the storage duration of the cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying was noted. This storage of the cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying also led to the acidification of the cherries (pH = 5.27 - 3.6) and the degradation of their chlorogenic acids content (12.58% - 10.30%) while for their caffeine content (2.53% - 2.55%). No significant difference was observed about the storage duration of the cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying.展开更多
In order to improve the water-resistance and ultraviolet(UV)barrier properties of pullulan(PL)film,edible composite films were prepared by solution casting based on PL and shellac(SH).The physical properties,thermal s...In order to improve the water-resistance and ultraviolet(UV)barrier properties of pullulan(PL)film,edible composite films were prepared by solution casting based on PL and shellac(SH).The physical properties,thermal stability,mechanical properties,water vapor permeability and UV barrier of the composite films were characterized.The analysis of the functional properties revealed that the composite films had good compatibility,water-resistance(33.50˚-60.15˚),and strong UV-blocking properties(84.60%-0.00%).The addition of SH improved the water-resistance and mechanical properties of the films,but the thermal stability was slightly reduced.These films can be used as an edible coating on Chinese cherries.According to the characteristics of weight loss,decay incidence and other indicators of cherries,the PL-SH composite films can keep Chinese cherries fresh at room temperature at least for 7 days.Therefore,PL-SH composite films may be an environmentally friendly packaging material with application prospects in the fruit preservation industry.展开更多
Consumers are increasingly demanding natural colorants that are safe and offer health benefits.In addition to their ornamental characteristics,Kanzan cherry(KC)blossoms present a promising source of red-hued natural c...Consumers are increasingly demanding natural colorants that are safe and offer health benefits.In addition to their ornamental characteristics,Kanzan cherry(KC)blossoms present a promising source of red-hued natural colorants and functional bioactive substances.This research utilized distilled water to extract KC petals(KCP)and their ground powders(KCPP)under varying temperatures(30℃–90℃)and times(30–180 min).The total monomeric anthocyanins(TMAC)and total phenolics(TPC)in the extracts were evaluated via the pH differential and Folin–Ciocalteu methods.Antioxidant capacities were assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging ability and reducing power.Results indicated that the optimal extraction of TMAC and TPC from KCP occurred at 90℃ for 30 min,and the resulting extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activities among all tested temperatures and durations.Compared to different particle sizes,the finest KCPP generally produced extracts with the highest TMAC,TPC,and antioxidant activity,due to enhanced mass and heat transfer.When compared with the acidified alcohol method,hot water extraction resulted in 68.23%and 71.41%TMAC yields for petals and powders,respectively,while TPC levels were similar or higher.TMAC or TPC showed a significantly positive correlation(p<0.01)with the antioxidant activities.These findings demonstrate that hot water extraction is a viable and environmentally friendly alternative for phytochemical recovery from KC.Additionally,elevated extraction temperature and pH accelerated anthocyanin degradation and shortened its half-life,while higher pH also lowered the activation energy,enthalpy,entropy,and Gibbs free energy.Thus,red–orange KC extracts with rich bioactivity may serve as promising ingredients for functional foods having acidic pH levels.展开更多
Sweet cherry(Prunus avium)represents a significant stone fruit crop in temperate regions worldwide.While molecular breeding has progressed substantially following the initial sweet cherry genome release,existing genom...Sweet cherry(Prunus avium)represents a significant stone fruit crop in temperate regions worldwide.While molecular breeding has progressed substantially following the initial sweet cherry genome release,existing genome assemblies contain unresolved gaps and comprise consensus chimeric sequences that fail to differentiate haplotype alleles,significantly constraining research on important agronomic trait inheritance.This study presents a phased-resolved telomere-to-telomere reference genome of sweet cherry‘Tieton’.The assembly anchors 653.03 Mb of sequence onto 16 pseudochromosomes representing two haplotypes,with 67,012 coding genes identified(33,777 in hapA and 33,235 in hapB).The genome demonstrates superior quality metrics,including a consensus accuracy exceeding QV44,contig N50 above 17.94 Mb,Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs completeness of 98.7%,and a long terminal repeat(LTR)assembly index exceeding 20.This genome provides phased and annotated chromosome pairs,offering a comprehensive view of sweet cherry’s diploid genome organization.Utilizing this reference genome,we identified a large fragment deletion associated with yellow-skinned fruit in sweet cherry‘13-33’.This resource will significantly enhance breeding efforts and genetic research in sweet cherries.展开更多
The Shenzhou‑18 crew,consisting of three taikonauts,returned to Earth safely in the early hours of November 4,2024,after completing a six‑month space station mission.Their first meal on Earth after half a year became ...The Shenzhou‑18 crew,consisting of three taikonauts,returned to Earth safely in the early hours of November 4,2024,after completing a six‑month space station mission.Their first meal on Earth after half a year became a hot topic immediately.The well‑established Chinese tradition embodied by the saying“dumplings before departure,noodles upon return”means that a steaming bowl of noodles was a must‑have for their first meal back.Additionally,specific fruits were included in their first meal for symbolic purposes:cherry tomatoes,representing prosperity;Hami melons,symbolizing sweetness;and grapes,which signify harmony and unity.Meanwhile,all three taikonauts coincidentally ordered a serving of steamed egg custard.展开更多
Dear Editor,Central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO)is a devastating ocular event caused by obstruction of the central retinal artery,leading to a sudden and significant loss of vision.A hallmark of CRAO on funduscopic ...Dear Editor,Central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO)is a devastating ocular event caused by obstruction of the central retinal artery,leading to a sudden and significant loss of vision.A hallmark of CRAO on funduscopic examination is a characteristic“cherry-red spot”at the fovea surrounded by a pale retina[1].The anterior segment typically appears unremarkable.展开更多
Background Zinc glycine chelate(Zn-Gly)has anti-inflammation and growth-promoting properties;however,the mechanism of Zn-Gly contribution to gut barrier function in Cherry Valley ducks during intestinal inflammation i...Background Zinc glycine chelate(Zn-Gly)has anti-inflammation and growth-promoting properties;however,the mechanism of Zn-Gly contribution to gut barrier function in Cherry Valley ducks during intestinal inflammation is unknown.Three-hundred 1-day-old ducks were divided into 5 groups(6 replicates and 10 ducks per replicate)in a completely randomized design:the control and dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)groups were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet,and experimental groups received supplements of 70,120 or 170 mg/kg Zn in form of Zn-Gly.The DSS and treatment groups were given 2 mL of 0.45 g/mL DSS daily during d 15–21,and the control group received normal saline.The experiment lasted 21 d.Results Compared with DSS group,70,120 and 170 mg/kg Zn significantly increased body weight(BW),villus height and the ratio of villus to crypt,and significantly decreased the crypt depth of jejunum at 21 d.The number of goblet cells in jejunal villi in the Zn-Gly group was significantly increased by periodic acid-Schiff staining.Compared with control,the content of intestinal permeability marker D-lactic acid(D-LA)and fluxes of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC-D)in plasma of DSS group significantly increased,and 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation significantly decreased the D-LA content and FITC-D fluxes.Compared with control,contents of plasma,jejunum endotoxin and jejunum pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly increased in DSS group,and were significantly decreased by 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation.Dietary Zn significantly increased the contents of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10,IL-22 and sIgA and IgG in jejunum.Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation significantly increased mRNA expression levels of CLDN-1 and expression of OCLN protein in jejunum,and decreased gene and protein expression of CLDN-2 compared with DSS group.The 120 mg/kg Zn significantly promoted the expressions of IL-22 and IgA.Dietary Zn-Gly supplementation significantly decreased pro-inflammatory genes IL-8 and TNF-αexpression levels and TNF-αprotein expression in jejunum.Additionally,Zn significantly reduced the gene and protein expression of TLR4,MYD88 and NF-κB p65.Conclusions Zn-Gly improved duck BW and alleviated intestinal injury by regulating intestinal morphology,barrier function and gut inflammation-related signal pathways TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB p65.展开更多
Pectinex XXL,a commercially prepared pectinase,was investigated for its potential application in the fruit juice industry.Polygalacturonic acid was used as the substrate for determining the enzymatic properties of Pec...Pectinex XXL,a commercially prepared pectinase,was investigated for its potential application in the fruit juice industry.Polygalacturonic acid was used as the substrate for determining the enzymatic properties of Pectinex XXL using the DNS method.According to the results,the optimal pH for Pectinex XXL activity was 4.5,and the enzyme was stable in the pH range of 3.0~4.5.The optimal pH and pH stability range are consistent with those of some tropical and subtropical fruits.The optimal temperature for Pectinex XXL activity was 60℃,and the enzyme remained stable after one hour in a water bath set at 40℃.Additionally,the enzymatic activity was not inhibited in the presence of 1 mmol/L of Na^(+),Mg^(2+),Ba^(2+),Co^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Fe^(2+),whereas it was slightly inhibited in the presence of 2 mmol/L of K^(+)and Fe^(2+)and partially inhibited in the presence of 1 and 2 mmol/L of Ca^(2+)and Mn^(2+),demonstrating its good stability in acids and excellent thermal catalytic performance.Based on the above experimental results,depectinization experiments were performed on plantain and cherry tomato juices using different amounts of Pectinex XXL.After one hour reaction with 16 U/mL of the enzyme,the yields of the plantain and cherry tomato juices were substantially increased by 119.03%and 15.97%,respectively,while their light transmittance was remarkably enhanced by 37.65%and 12.35%,respectively.Furthermore,the enzyme reduced the viscosity of the plantain and cherry tomato juices by 88.29%and 29.50%,respectively.The juice production experiments confirmed that this enzyme can significantly improve the yield and light transmittance of plantain juice,while effectively reducing its viscosity.These findings indicate the potential of Pectinex XXL in the industrial production of plantain juice.展开更多
Studying on the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of flowering cherry cultivars is extremely important for germplasm conservation, cultivar identification and breeding. Flowering cherry is widely cultivated a...Studying on the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of flowering cherry cultivars is extremely important for germplasm conservation, cultivar identification and breeding. Flowering cherry is widely cultivated as an important woody ornamental plant in worldwide, especially Japan, China. However, owning to the morphological similarity, many cultivars are distinguished hardly in non-flowering season. Here, we evaluated the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 40 flowering cherry cultivars, which are mainly cultivated in China. We selected 13 polymorphicprimers to amplify to allele fragments with fluorescent-labeled capillary electrophoresis technology. The population structure analysis results show that these cultivars could be divided into 4 subpopulations. At the population level, N<sub>a</sub> and N<sub>e</sub> were 6.062, 4.326, respectively. H<sub>o</sub> and H<sub>e</sub> were 0.458 and 0.670, respectively. The Shannon’s information index (I) was 1.417. The Pop3, which originated from P. serrulata, had the highest H<sub>o</sub>, H<sub>e</sub>, and I among the 4 subpopulations. AMOVA showed that only 4% of genetic variation came from populations, the 39% variation came from individuals and 57% (p < 0.05) came from intra-individuals. 5 polymorphic SSR primers were selected to construct molecular ID code system of these cultivars. This analysis on the genetic diversity and relationship of the 40 flowering cherry cultivars will help to insight into the genetic background, relationship of these flowering cherry cultivars and promote to identify similar cultivars.展开更多
Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) +...Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) + (2% -4%) CO(2)) and in air (control) at 1 degreesC to investigate the effects of different O(2) and CO(2) concentrations on physiological properties, quality and storability of the fruits during storage. The results indicated that compared with other treatments, CA with high O(2) concentration decreased fruit decay and ethanol content, but increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and stimulated browning. CA with high CO(2) concentration inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced MDA content, maintained vitamin C content and firmness, decreased fruit decay and browning. Soluble solids contents (SSC) were not significantly affected by different atmosphere treatments. 'Napoleon' fruits stored in 5% O(2) + 10% CO(2) for as long as 80 d were of good quality, but only 40, 20 and 30 d stored in MAP, 70% O(2) + 0% CO(2) and air, re-spectively.展开更多
The effect of weak light on the peroxidation of membrane_lipid of one_year_old cherries ( Prunus pseudocerasus L. 'Laiyang') was studied by whole_tree shading. The results showed that the net photosynthetic...The effect of weak light on the peroxidation of membrane_lipid of one_year_old cherries ( Prunus pseudocerasus L. 'Laiyang') was studied by whole_tree shading. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of cherry leaves under weak light was remarkably lower; the activity peroxidase (POD) increased when light intensity decreased; the activity of catalase (CAT) showed an opposite trend, and it was positively correlated with light intensity; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased under 366 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and 533.8 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 light intensity, but decreased under 228.8 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and 83.9 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 light intensity. A remarkable increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of membrane_lipid peroxidation, was also observed in cherry leaves when treated with weak light, indicating more serious peroxidation in the membrane.展开更多
In order to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks, different probiotics were added into the feed of Cherry Valley ducks. To...In order to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks, different probiotics were added into the feed of Cherry Valley ducks. Total 240 1-d-old Cherry Valley ducks were selected, and they were randomly divided into 4 groups, including 1 control group and 3 treatment groups. There were 3 replicates for each group and there were 20 ducks for each replicate. The ducks in the control group were fed the basal diet, and the ducks in the 3 treatment groups were fed the basal diet added with Lactobacillus, Bacillus natto and florfenicol, respectively. The test lasted for 42 d. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and Bacillus natto could improve the average daily weight gain and final average weight （P〈0.05） of Cherry Valley ducks, and reduce the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ac- tivity, alkaline phosphatase activity and serum urinary nitrogen content in duck blood （P〈0.05） and reduce the creatinine content and total cholesterol content in Cherry Valley ducks （P〉0.05）; at the same time, adding probiotics to feed could also in- crease the grass economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks. In overall, the effects of adding probiotics were better than those of adding antibiotic.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different preservative treatments on physiological metabolism and preservation of sweet cherry. [Method] Sweet cherry （Prunus avium var. Summit） was soaked ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different preservative treatments on physiological metabolism and preservation of sweet cherry. [Method] Sweet cherry （Prunus avium var. Summit） was soaked into benziothiazolinone （1 000 ppm）, lysozyme （500 ppm）, lysozyme （500 ppm） ＋ NPS polysaccharide （5 000 ppm） and water for 5 min, respectively. Non-treated sweet cherry was set as control. All the sweet cherries were then put into 3 mm thick PE bags and preserved at （-0.5±0.5） ℃. [Result] The results showed that the malate dehydrogenase （MDH） activity of benziothiazolinone treatment researched a significant peak on the 14 th d, while the MDH activity of Lysozyme （500 ppm）, Lysozyme （500 ppm） ＋ NPS polysaccharide （5 000 ppm） and water treatments began to increase on the 20 th d; the polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activity in various treatments showed a decreasing trend during the experiment, which researched a significant peak on the 14 th d, while that in water treatment was decreased consistently; on the 21 st d, the PPO activity in each treatment increased slowly; the titratable acid （TA） content in preservative treatments was higher than that in both water treatment and control; the soluble solid （SSC） content showed no significant difference between various treatments and between experimental treatment and control; on the 40 th d, the healthy fruit rate in preservative treatments was significantly higher than that in water treatment and control. [Conclusion] Benziothiazolinone, lysozyme and other preservatives show good effects on preservation of sweet cherry; lysozyme treatment can decrease the activity of malate dehydrogenase, maintain the relatively high content of organic acid and significantly improve the healthy fruit rate within a certain period of time.展开更多
This paper echoes a tradition in agricultural geography by focusing on a single crop:cherries. It illustrates how developments associated with globalisation and growing urban markets are re-shaping rural areas. The in...This paper echoes a tradition in agricultural geography by focusing on a single crop:cherries. It illustrates how developments associated with globalisation and growing urban markets are re-shaping rural areas. The interplay between global and local is investigated in two different contexts. A Chinese example reflects transformations affecting the countryside following national economic reforms. Focusing on the hinterland of Xi'an, capital of Shaanxi Province, it examines farmers' responses to the changing socio-political context and the rising size and wealth of the local market. Individual initiatives backed by government support have spawned localised concentrations of cherry growing and increased horticultural production.Farm-based tourism is creating new relationships between farmers and consumers, with farms becoming more diversified and multifunctional. The second example is the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, where cherry growing is increasingly combined with direct sales to consumers and gastronomic tourism. The paper addresses contrasts and similarities between the two examples in the interplay between global and local, and a ‘multifunctional transition' in farming. Concluding remarks include reference to new economic links forged between China and Australia through relaxations on cherry imports to China and new patterns of Chinese foreign direct investment into Australian cherry production. A research agenda for future research is suggested.展开更多
In order to explore the effects of landfill composed of biogas residue and slurry on the improvement of soil nutrients and cherry fruit yield, three treatments： control （no landfill）, landfilling with biogas residu...In order to explore the effects of landfill composed of biogas residue and slurry on the improvement of soil nutrients and cherry fruit yield, three treatments： control （no landfill）, landfilling with biogas residue and water （BR）, landfilling with biogas residue and slurry （BS） were conducted in a cherry orchard. The results showed that compared with the control, soil water content around the landfills with a radius of 60 cm within 30 d was increased in BR and BS treatments. The poment- age of short shoots and the total number of shoots of cherry trees were also signif- icantly increased by BR and BS treatments; the cherry fruit yield per tree and the single-fruit weight in BS treatment were increased by 21.76% and 28.89%, respec- tively. In addition, BS treatment obviously improved the contents of soil organic matter, soil available nitrogen, s0il available phosphorus, soil available potassium and other nutrients. The positive effects of BR treatment on the improvement of soil nutrients and cherry fruit yield were lower than those of BS treatment, indicating that the combined use of biogas residue and biogas slurry as landfill can improve the soil water and fertilizer status in orchards, and thus can be promoted in the cultivation of fruit trees.展开更多
基金This study was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(No.31670364)Project of Key New Productions of Yunnan Province,China(No.2015BB002)+2 种基金the STS Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(KFJ-SW-STS-143-8)Special Fund Project of Pu’er municipal government,China(2017)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,China(P2015-ZZ09).
文摘In present study,four new dammarane-type triterpenoids,namely caffruones A–D(1–4),were isolated from the cherries of Coffea arabica.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D,2D NMR(HSQC,HMBC,^(1)H–^(1)H COSY,and ROESY),HRMS and IR spectra.This is the first time that tetracyclic triterpenes have been reported in genus Coffea.
文摘Impedance (Z), and phase angle (θ) of a parallel-plate capacitor with a single cherry fruit between the plates were measured using a CI meter (Chari’s Impedance meter), at 1 and 9 MHz. Capacitance C was derived from Z and θ, and by using the C, θ, and Z values of a set of cherries whose moisture content (MC) values were later determined by the hot air-oven method, a calibration equation was developed. Using this equation, and their measured C, θ, and Z values, the MC of a group of cherries, not used in the calibration, was predicted. The predicted values were compared with their vacuum-oven values. The method worked well with an R2 value of 0.98 and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 1.24, in the measured moisture range between 5% and 20%.
文摘In this study, the effects of the storage duration of coffee cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying on the kinetics of drying, fungi development and the variation of physicochemical content were evaluated. The results showed that the longer coffee cherries were stored after harvest before putting out for sun drying, the quicker they dried. Indeed, the drying durations were 19, 16, 12, 10, 7 days respectively for coffee cherries put out for sun drying at the day of harvest, the second, the fourth, the sixth and the eighth day after harvest. However, this storage of the cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying led to the increasing to the infection of cherries by fungi. Indeed, samples of more contaminated inside were those from the lots of cherries stored 8 days after harvest before putting out for sun drying with 55.55% of the samples infected with a percentage of infected beans between 10% and 50%, and 44.45% of the samples were infected with a percentage of infected beans between 50% and 100%. Furthermore, those put out for sun drying at the day of harvest were free inside by fungi. Among the fungi isolated, toxigenic species was found. However, no relationship between the frequencies of ochratoxin A producing strains isolated and the storage duration of the cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying was noted. This storage of the cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying also led to the acidification of the cherries (pH = 5.27 - 3.6) and the degradation of their chlorogenic acids content (12.58% - 10.30%) while for their caffeine content (2.53% - 2.55%). No significant difference was observed about the storage duration of the cherries after harvest before putting out for sun drying.
文摘In order to improve the water-resistance and ultraviolet(UV)barrier properties of pullulan(PL)film,edible composite films were prepared by solution casting based on PL and shellac(SH).The physical properties,thermal stability,mechanical properties,water vapor permeability and UV barrier of the composite films were characterized.The analysis of the functional properties revealed that the composite films had good compatibility,water-resistance(33.50˚-60.15˚),and strong UV-blocking properties(84.60%-0.00%).The addition of SH improved the water-resistance and mechanical properties of the films,but the thermal stability was slightly reduced.These films can be used as an edible coating on Chinese cherries.According to the characteristics of weight loss,decay incidence and other indicators of cherries,the PL-SH composite films can keep Chinese cherries fresh at room temperature at least for 7 days.Therefore,PL-SH composite films may be an environmentally friendly packaging material with application prospects in the fruit preservation industry.
基金funded by the Research Fund(Project Number 2025YB12)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2024)of Shanghai Sanda University.
文摘Consumers are increasingly demanding natural colorants that are safe and offer health benefits.In addition to their ornamental characteristics,Kanzan cherry(KC)blossoms present a promising source of red-hued natural colorants and functional bioactive substances.This research utilized distilled water to extract KC petals(KCP)and their ground powders(KCPP)under varying temperatures(30℃–90℃)and times(30–180 min).The total monomeric anthocyanins(TMAC)and total phenolics(TPC)in the extracts were evaluated via the pH differential and Folin–Ciocalteu methods.Antioxidant capacities were assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging ability and reducing power.Results indicated that the optimal extraction of TMAC and TPC from KCP occurred at 90℃ for 30 min,and the resulting extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activities among all tested temperatures and durations.Compared to different particle sizes,the finest KCPP generally produced extracts with the highest TMAC,TPC,and antioxidant activity,due to enhanced mass and heat transfer.When compared with the acidified alcohol method,hot water extraction resulted in 68.23%and 71.41%TMAC yields for petals and powders,respectively,while TPC levels were similar or higher.TMAC or TPC showed a significantly positive correlation(p<0.01)with the antioxidant activities.These findings demonstrate that hot water extraction is a viable and environmentally friendly alternative for phytochemical recovery from KC.Additionally,elevated extraction temperature and pH accelerated anthocyanin degradation and shortened its half-life,while higher pH also lowered the activation energy,enthalpy,entropy,and Gibbs free energy.Thus,red–orange KC extracts with rich bioactivity may serve as promising ingredients for functional foods having acidic pH levels.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2021MC117)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2022TZXD006).
文摘Sweet cherry(Prunus avium)represents a significant stone fruit crop in temperate regions worldwide.While molecular breeding has progressed substantially following the initial sweet cherry genome release,existing genome assemblies contain unresolved gaps and comprise consensus chimeric sequences that fail to differentiate haplotype alleles,significantly constraining research on important agronomic trait inheritance.This study presents a phased-resolved telomere-to-telomere reference genome of sweet cherry‘Tieton’.The assembly anchors 653.03 Mb of sequence onto 16 pseudochromosomes representing two haplotypes,with 67,012 coding genes identified(33,777 in hapA and 33,235 in hapB).The genome demonstrates superior quality metrics,including a consensus accuracy exceeding QV44,contig N50 above 17.94 Mb,Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs completeness of 98.7%,and a long terminal repeat(LTR)assembly index exceeding 20.This genome provides phased and annotated chromosome pairs,offering a comprehensive view of sweet cherry’s diploid genome organization.Utilizing this reference genome,we identified a large fragment deletion associated with yellow-skinned fruit in sweet cherry‘13-33’.This resource will significantly enhance breeding efforts and genetic research in sweet cherries.
文摘The Shenzhou‑18 crew,consisting of three taikonauts,returned to Earth safely in the early hours of November 4,2024,after completing a six‑month space station mission.Their first meal on Earth after half a year became a hot topic immediately.The well‑established Chinese tradition embodied by the saying“dumplings before departure,noodles upon return”means that a steaming bowl of noodles was a must‑have for their first meal back.Additionally,specific fruits were included in their first meal for symbolic purposes:cherry tomatoes,representing prosperity;Hami melons,symbolizing sweetness;and grapes,which signify harmony and unity.Meanwhile,all three taikonauts coincidentally ordered a serving of steamed egg custard.
文摘Dear Editor,Central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO)is a devastating ocular event caused by obstruction of the central retinal artery,leading to a sudden and significant loss of vision.A hallmark of CRAO on funduscopic examination is a characteristic“cherry-red spot”at the fovea surrounded by a pale retina[1].The anterior segment typically appears unremarkable.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0060)。
文摘Background Zinc glycine chelate(Zn-Gly)has anti-inflammation and growth-promoting properties;however,the mechanism of Zn-Gly contribution to gut barrier function in Cherry Valley ducks during intestinal inflammation is unknown.Three-hundred 1-day-old ducks were divided into 5 groups(6 replicates and 10 ducks per replicate)in a completely randomized design:the control and dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)groups were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet,and experimental groups received supplements of 70,120 or 170 mg/kg Zn in form of Zn-Gly.The DSS and treatment groups were given 2 mL of 0.45 g/mL DSS daily during d 15–21,and the control group received normal saline.The experiment lasted 21 d.Results Compared with DSS group,70,120 and 170 mg/kg Zn significantly increased body weight(BW),villus height and the ratio of villus to crypt,and significantly decreased the crypt depth of jejunum at 21 d.The number of goblet cells in jejunal villi in the Zn-Gly group was significantly increased by periodic acid-Schiff staining.Compared with control,the content of intestinal permeability marker D-lactic acid(D-LA)and fluxes of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC-D)in plasma of DSS group significantly increased,and 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation significantly decreased the D-LA content and FITC-D fluxes.Compared with control,contents of plasma,jejunum endotoxin and jejunum pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly increased in DSS group,and were significantly decreased by 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation.Dietary Zn significantly increased the contents of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10,IL-22 and sIgA and IgG in jejunum.Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation significantly increased mRNA expression levels of CLDN-1 and expression of OCLN protein in jejunum,and decreased gene and protein expression of CLDN-2 compared with DSS group.The 120 mg/kg Zn significantly promoted the expressions of IL-22 and IgA.Dietary Zn-Gly supplementation significantly decreased pro-inflammatory genes IL-8 and TNF-αexpression levels and TNF-αprotein expression in jejunum.Additionally,Zn significantly reduced the gene and protein expression of TLR4,MYD88 and NF-κB p65.Conclusions Zn-Gly improved duck BW and alleviated intestinal injury by regulating intestinal morphology,barrier function and gut inflammation-related signal pathways TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB p65.
文摘Pectinex XXL,a commercially prepared pectinase,was investigated for its potential application in the fruit juice industry.Polygalacturonic acid was used as the substrate for determining the enzymatic properties of Pectinex XXL using the DNS method.According to the results,the optimal pH for Pectinex XXL activity was 4.5,and the enzyme was stable in the pH range of 3.0~4.5.The optimal pH and pH stability range are consistent with those of some tropical and subtropical fruits.The optimal temperature for Pectinex XXL activity was 60℃,and the enzyme remained stable after one hour in a water bath set at 40℃.Additionally,the enzymatic activity was not inhibited in the presence of 1 mmol/L of Na^(+),Mg^(2+),Ba^(2+),Co^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Fe^(2+),whereas it was slightly inhibited in the presence of 2 mmol/L of K^(+)and Fe^(2+)and partially inhibited in the presence of 1 and 2 mmol/L of Ca^(2+)and Mn^(2+),demonstrating its good stability in acids and excellent thermal catalytic performance.Based on the above experimental results,depectinization experiments were performed on plantain and cherry tomato juices using different amounts of Pectinex XXL.After one hour reaction with 16 U/mL of the enzyme,the yields of the plantain and cherry tomato juices were substantially increased by 119.03%and 15.97%,respectively,while their light transmittance was remarkably enhanced by 37.65%and 12.35%,respectively.Furthermore,the enzyme reduced the viscosity of the plantain and cherry tomato juices by 88.29%and 29.50%,respectively.The juice production experiments confirmed that this enzyme can significantly improve the yield and light transmittance of plantain juice,while effectively reducing its viscosity.These findings indicate the potential of Pectinex XXL in the industrial production of plantain juice.
文摘Studying on the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of flowering cherry cultivars is extremely important for germplasm conservation, cultivar identification and breeding. Flowering cherry is widely cultivated as an important woody ornamental plant in worldwide, especially Japan, China. However, owning to the morphological similarity, many cultivars are distinguished hardly in non-flowering season. Here, we evaluated the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 40 flowering cherry cultivars, which are mainly cultivated in China. We selected 13 polymorphicprimers to amplify to allele fragments with fluorescent-labeled capillary electrophoresis technology. The population structure analysis results show that these cultivars could be divided into 4 subpopulations. At the population level, N<sub>a</sub> and N<sub>e</sub> were 6.062, 4.326, respectively. H<sub>o</sub> and H<sub>e</sub> were 0.458 and 0.670, respectively. The Shannon’s information index (I) was 1.417. The Pop3, which originated from P. serrulata, had the highest H<sub>o</sub>, H<sub>e</sub>, and I among the 4 subpopulations. AMOVA showed that only 4% of genetic variation came from populations, the 39% variation came from individuals and 57% (p < 0.05) came from intra-individuals. 5 polymorphic SSR primers were selected to construct molecular ID code system of these cultivars. This analysis on the genetic diversity and relationship of the 40 flowering cherry cultivars will help to insight into the genetic background, relationship of these flowering cherry cultivars and promote to identify similar cultivars.
文摘Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) + (2% -4%) CO(2)) and in air (control) at 1 degreesC to investigate the effects of different O(2) and CO(2) concentrations on physiological properties, quality and storability of the fruits during storage. The results indicated that compared with other treatments, CA with high O(2) concentration decreased fruit decay and ethanol content, but increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and stimulated browning. CA with high CO(2) concentration inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced MDA content, maintained vitamin C content and firmness, decreased fruit decay and browning. Soluble solids contents (SSC) were not significantly affected by different atmosphere treatments. 'Napoleon' fruits stored in 5% O(2) + 10% CO(2) for as long as 80 d were of good quality, but only 40, 20 and 30 d stored in MAP, 70% O(2) + 0% CO(2) and air, re-spectively.
文摘The effect of weak light on the peroxidation of membrane_lipid of one_year_old cherries ( Prunus pseudocerasus L. 'Laiyang') was studied by whole_tree shading. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of cherry leaves under weak light was remarkably lower; the activity peroxidase (POD) increased when light intensity decreased; the activity of catalase (CAT) showed an opposite trend, and it was positively correlated with light intensity; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased under 366 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and 533.8 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 light intensity, but decreased under 228.8 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and 83.9 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 light intensity. A remarkable increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of membrane_lipid peroxidation, was also observed in cherry leaves when treated with weak light, indicating more serious peroxidation in the membrane.
基金Supported by Project of Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College(NSFZN1309)~~
文摘In order to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks, different probiotics were added into the feed of Cherry Valley ducks. Total 240 1-d-old Cherry Valley ducks were selected, and they were randomly divided into 4 groups, including 1 control group and 3 treatment groups. There were 3 replicates for each group and there were 20 ducks for each replicate. The ducks in the control group were fed the basal diet, and the ducks in the 3 treatment groups were fed the basal diet added with Lactobacillus, Bacillus natto and florfenicol, respectively. The test lasted for 42 d. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and Bacillus natto could improve the average daily weight gain and final average weight （P〈0.05） of Cherry Valley ducks, and reduce the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ac- tivity, alkaline phosphatase activity and serum urinary nitrogen content in duck blood （P〈0.05） and reduce the creatinine content and total cholesterol content in Cherry Valley ducks （P〉0.05）; at the same time, adding probiotics to feed could also in- crease the grass economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks. In overall, the effects of adding probiotics were better than those of adding antibiotic.
基金Supported by Fund from Technology Bureau of Wuhan City (201120722215-2)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different preservative treatments on physiological metabolism and preservation of sweet cherry. [Method] Sweet cherry （Prunus avium var. Summit） was soaked into benziothiazolinone （1 000 ppm）, lysozyme （500 ppm）, lysozyme （500 ppm） ＋ NPS polysaccharide （5 000 ppm） and water for 5 min, respectively. Non-treated sweet cherry was set as control. All the sweet cherries were then put into 3 mm thick PE bags and preserved at （-0.5±0.5） ℃. [Result] The results showed that the malate dehydrogenase （MDH） activity of benziothiazolinone treatment researched a significant peak on the 14 th d, while the MDH activity of Lysozyme （500 ppm）, Lysozyme （500 ppm） ＋ NPS polysaccharide （5 000 ppm） and water treatments began to increase on the 20 th d; the polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activity in various treatments showed a decreasing trend during the experiment, which researched a significant peak on the 14 th d, while that in water treatment was decreased consistently; on the 21 st d, the PPO activity in each treatment increased slowly; the titratable acid （TA） content in preservative treatments was higher than that in both water treatment and control; the soluble solid （SSC） content showed no significant difference between various treatments and between experimental treatment and control; on the 40 th d, the healthy fruit rate in preservative treatments was significantly higher than that in water treatment and control. [Conclusion] Benziothiazolinone, lysozyme and other preservatives show good effects on preservation of sweet cherry; lysozyme treatment can decrease the activity of malate dehydrogenase, maintain the relatively high content of organic acid and significantly improve the healthy fruit rate within a certain period of time.
文摘This paper echoes a tradition in agricultural geography by focusing on a single crop:cherries. It illustrates how developments associated with globalisation and growing urban markets are re-shaping rural areas. The interplay between global and local is investigated in two different contexts. A Chinese example reflects transformations affecting the countryside following national economic reforms. Focusing on the hinterland of Xi'an, capital of Shaanxi Province, it examines farmers' responses to the changing socio-political context and the rising size and wealth of the local market. Individual initiatives backed by government support have spawned localised concentrations of cherry growing and increased horticultural production.Farm-based tourism is creating new relationships between farmers and consumers, with farms becoming more diversified and multifunctional. The second example is the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, where cherry growing is increasingly combined with direct sales to consumers and gastronomic tourism. The paper addresses contrasts and similarities between the two examples in the interplay between global and local, and a ‘multifunctional transition' in farming. Concluding remarks include reference to new economic links forged between China and Australia through relaxations on cherry imports to China and new patterns of Chinese foreign direct investment into Australian cherry production. A research agenda for future research is suggested.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Project(2015GSF117005)Major Innovation Project for Applied Technology of Shandong Province(2017)~~
文摘In order to explore the effects of landfill composed of biogas residue and slurry on the improvement of soil nutrients and cherry fruit yield, three treatments： control （no landfill）, landfilling with biogas residue and water （BR）, landfilling with biogas residue and slurry （BS） were conducted in a cherry orchard. The results showed that compared with the control, soil water content around the landfills with a radius of 60 cm within 30 d was increased in BR and BS treatments. The poment- age of short shoots and the total number of shoots of cherry trees were also signif- icantly increased by BR and BS treatments; the cherry fruit yield per tree and the single-fruit weight in BS treatment were increased by 21.76% and 28.89%, respec- tively. In addition, BS treatment obviously improved the contents of soil organic matter, soil available nitrogen, s0il available phosphorus, soil available potassium and other nutrients. The positive effects of BR treatment on the improvement of soil nutrients and cherry fruit yield were lower than those of BS treatment, indicating that the combined use of biogas residue and biogas slurry as landfill can improve the soil water and fertilizer status in orchards, and thus can be promoted in the cultivation of fruit trees.
