Objective · Formalin is a classic and most widely used algogenic substance, but its itchy effect is not clear. The present study aims to explore the hypothesis that formalin may induce itch as well as pain. Metho...Objective · Formalin is a classic and most widely used algogenic substance, but its itchy effect is not clear. The present study aims to explore the hypothesis that formalin may induce itch as well as pain. Methods · Flinching, as well as licking and forelimb wiping of the site of injection were counted as pain responses, whereas biting and hind paw scratching of the cheek were counted as itchy responses. To discriminate formalin-induced sensations in rats, the irritant(saline as control) was injected, and then pain and itchy responses were recorded.Results · Intraplantar injection of formalin elicited biphasic behavior responses characterized as flinching, as well as biting or licking of the hind paw without significant gender differences. Following intradermal administration of formalin to the cheek, rats exhibited episodic forelimb wiping of the cheek, representative of pain. No gender difference was noticed for this type of behavior. In addition, episodes of hind paw scratches of the cheek, representative of pruritoceptive responses, also occurred. Interestingly, hind paw scratches appeared to be more pronounced in male than in female rats. Conclusion · Intradermal administration of formalin elicits pruritoceptive as well as nociceptive responses in rats.展开更多
Loss of volume in midface can result in an aged, wasted appearance. Osseous and fat atrophy with aging may further contribute to the loss of soft tissue support and midface ptosis. In the aging of periorbital area and...Loss of volume in midface can result in an aged, wasted appearance. Osseous and fat atrophy with aging may further contribute to the loss of soft tissue support and midface ptosis. In the aging of periorbital area and midface, fat atrophy occurs mostly in the suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) area. The authors proposed that injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler to support the SOOF area could counteract the aging sign due to fat atrophy, restore volume loss and achieve a more youthful appearance. The authors described the treatment of 10 female patients who received CHAP<sup></sup><sup>®</sup>-particle hyaluronic acid (CHAP<sup>®</sup>-HA) injections for cheek augmentation, using single-point deep injection technique at midface in close proximity to SOOF area. Such approach provides satisfactory cheek augmentation results without significant complications. The authors discussed a rationale for their choice of dermal filler and provided an injection technique for restoring volume in the midface region with CHAP<sup>®</sup>-HA. Such technique is relatively quick to perform, have little down time, and result in a high rate of patient satisfaction.展开更多
Lipomas are the most common fatty mesenchymal tumors in the human body. They are very rare in the oral cavity. With a predilection, they have a rate of 1% to 4%. We report the case of a 74-year-old woman with a large ...Lipomas are the most common fatty mesenchymal tumors in the human body. They are very rare in the oral cavity. With a predilection, they have a rate of 1% to 4%. We report the case of a 74-year-old woman with a large painless lump on the left cheek of the mouth. This mass invading the deep spaces of the face induced a more difficult surgical excision.展开更多
Leiomyomas are benign soft tissue neoplasms that arise from muscles. Skin is the second most common location for leiomyoma and often localized on the trunk or extremities. Less than 1% of leiomyomas happen in the head...Leiomyomas are benign soft tissue neoplasms that arise from muscles. Skin is the second most common location for leiomyoma and often localized on the trunk or extremities. Less than 1% of leiomyomas happen in the head and neck. Here we report a case of pilar leiomyoma which located on the face and neck in the form of multiple, large papulonodules plaque. The treatment by excision and grafting would be difficult because of the large surface area involved the patient was treated with nifedipine. We recommend that leiomyomas must be included in the clinical differential diagnosis of painful papulonodules.展开更多
Gibbons have experienced extensive karyotype rearrangements during evolution and represent an ideal model for studying the underlying molecular mechanism of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements. It is anticipated t...Gibbons have experienced extensive karyotype rearrangements during evolution and represent an ideal model for studying the underlying molecular mechanism of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements. It is anticipated that the cloning and sequence characterization of evolutionary chromosomal breakpoints will provide vital insights into the molecular force that has driven such a radical karyotype reshuffle in gibbons. We constructed and characterized a high-quality fosmid li- brary of the white-cheeked gibbon （Nomascus leucogenys） containing 192,000 non- redundant clones with an average insert size of 38 kb and 2.5-fold genome coverage. By end sequencing of 100 randomly selected fosmid clones, we generated 196 se- quence tags for the library. These end-sequenced fosmid clones were then mapped onto the chromosomes of the white-cheeked gibbon by fluorescence in situ hy- bridization~ and no spurious chimeric clone was detected. BLAST search against the human genome showed a good correlation between the number of hit clones and the number of chromosomes, an indication of unbiased chromosomal distribu- tion of the fosmid library. The chromosomal distribution of the mapped clones is also consistent with the BLAST search result against human and white-cheeked gibbon genomes. The fosmid library and the mapped clones will serve as a valu- able resource for further studying gibbons＇ chromosomal rearrangements and the underlying molecular mechanism as well as for comparative genomic study in the lesser apes.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of continuous gum chewing exercise on perioral muscle strength. Methods: Thirty healthy adults (24.1 ± 2.0 years) with normal occlusion performed gu...Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of continuous gum chewing exercise on perioral muscle strength. Methods: Thirty healthy adults (24.1 ± 2.0 years) with normal occlusion performed gum chewing exercise 3 times daily for 3 months. Each exercise session lasted 5 min and involved alternating of chewing 10 times using the left molars and then 10 times using the right molars, with the mouth closed. The effect of the exercise on oral function was evaluated by measuring tongue pressure (TP), cheek pressure (CP), and labial closure strength (LCS) immediately before starting exercise, at 2 weeks and 1, 2, and 3 months after starting exercise, and at 3 months after cessation of exercise. Changes in TP, CP, and LCS according to sex and duration of exercise were analyzed by repeated two-way ANOVA. Results: Measurements for all muscles were significantly greater in men than in women at all time points. After starting exercise, TP was markedly increased at 2 months in men and women, and both CP and LCS were markedly increased at 2 weeks in men and at 1 month in women. These effects persisted for 3 months. Three months after cessation of exercise, TP, CP, and LCS tended to decrease, but were not significantly attenuated as compared with 3 months after beginning of exercise in either sex. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that gum chewing exercise contributed to an improvement in perioral muscle strength, and that this effect was maintained for at least 3 months after discontinuation of exercise.展开更多
文摘Objective · Formalin is a classic and most widely used algogenic substance, but its itchy effect is not clear. The present study aims to explore the hypothesis that formalin may induce itch as well as pain. Methods · Flinching, as well as licking and forelimb wiping of the site of injection were counted as pain responses, whereas biting and hind paw scratching of the cheek were counted as itchy responses. To discriminate formalin-induced sensations in rats, the irritant(saline as control) was injected, and then pain and itchy responses were recorded.Results · Intraplantar injection of formalin elicited biphasic behavior responses characterized as flinching, as well as biting or licking of the hind paw without significant gender differences. Following intradermal administration of formalin to the cheek, rats exhibited episodic forelimb wiping of the cheek, representative of pain. No gender difference was noticed for this type of behavior. In addition, episodes of hind paw scratches of the cheek, representative of pruritoceptive responses, also occurred. Interestingly, hind paw scratches appeared to be more pronounced in male than in female rats. Conclusion · Intradermal administration of formalin elicits pruritoceptive as well as nociceptive responses in rats.
文摘Loss of volume in midface can result in an aged, wasted appearance. Osseous and fat atrophy with aging may further contribute to the loss of soft tissue support and midface ptosis. In the aging of periorbital area and midface, fat atrophy occurs mostly in the suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) area. The authors proposed that injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler to support the SOOF area could counteract the aging sign due to fat atrophy, restore volume loss and achieve a more youthful appearance. The authors described the treatment of 10 female patients who received CHAP<sup></sup><sup>®</sup>-particle hyaluronic acid (CHAP<sup>®</sup>-HA) injections for cheek augmentation, using single-point deep injection technique at midface in close proximity to SOOF area. Such approach provides satisfactory cheek augmentation results without significant complications. The authors discussed a rationale for their choice of dermal filler and provided an injection technique for restoring volume in the midface region with CHAP<sup>®</sup>-HA. Such technique is relatively quick to perform, have little down time, and result in a high rate of patient satisfaction.
文摘Lipomas are the most common fatty mesenchymal tumors in the human body. They are very rare in the oral cavity. With a predilection, they have a rate of 1% to 4%. We report the case of a 74-year-old woman with a large painless lump on the left cheek of the mouth. This mass invading the deep spaces of the face induced a more difficult surgical excision.
文摘Leiomyomas are benign soft tissue neoplasms that arise from muscles. Skin is the second most common location for leiomyoma and often localized on the trunk or extremities. Less than 1% of leiomyomas happen in the head and neck. Here we report a case of pilar leiomyoma which located on the face and neck in the form of multiple, large papulonodules plaque. The treatment by excision and grafting would be difficult because of the large surface area involved the patient was treated with nifedipine. We recommend that leiomyomas must be included in the clinical differential diagnosis of painful papulonodules.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.30270719 and 30623007）.
文摘Gibbons have experienced extensive karyotype rearrangements during evolution and represent an ideal model for studying the underlying molecular mechanism of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements. It is anticipated that the cloning and sequence characterization of evolutionary chromosomal breakpoints will provide vital insights into the molecular force that has driven such a radical karyotype reshuffle in gibbons. We constructed and characterized a high-quality fosmid li- brary of the white-cheeked gibbon （Nomascus leucogenys） containing 192,000 non- redundant clones with an average insert size of 38 kb and 2.5-fold genome coverage. By end sequencing of 100 randomly selected fosmid clones, we generated 196 se- quence tags for the library. These end-sequenced fosmid clones were then mapped onto the chromosomes of the white-cheeked gibbon by fluorescence in situ hy- bridization~ and no spurious chimeric clone was detected. BLAST search against the human genome showed a good correlation between the number of hit clones and the number of chromosomes, an indication of unbiased chromosomal distribu- tion of the fosmid library. The chromosomal distribution of the mapped clones is also consistent with the BLAST search result against human and white-cheeked gibbon genomes. The fosmid library and the mapped clones will serve as a valu- able resource for further studying gibbons＇ chromosomal rearrangements and the underlying molecular mechanism as well as for comparative genomic study in the lesser apes.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of continuous gum chewing exercise on perioral muscle strength. Methods: Thirty healthy adults (24.1 ± 2.0 years) with normal occlusion performed gum chewing exercise 3 times daily for 3 months. Each exercise session lasted 5 min and involved alternating of chewing 10 times using the left molars and then 10 times using the right molars, with the mouth closed. The effect of the exercise on oral function was evaluated by measuring tongue pressure (TP), cheek pressure (CP), and labial closure strength (LCS) immediately before starting exercise, at 2 weeks and 1, 2, and 3 months after starting exercise, and at 3 months after cessation of exercise. Changes in TP, CP, and LCS according to sex and duration of exercise were analyzed by repeated two-way ANOVA. Results: Measurements for all muscles were significantly greater in men than in women at all time points. After starting exercise, TP was markedly increased at 2 months in men and women, and both CP and LCS were markedly increased at 2 weeks in men and at 1 month in women. These effects persisted for 3 months. Three months after cessation of exercise, TP, CP, and LCS tended to decrease, but were not significantly attenuated as compared with 3 months after beginning of exercise in either sex. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that gum chewing exercise contributed to an improvement in perioral muscle strength, and that this effect was maintained for at least 3 months after discontinuation of exercise.
