Understanding the catch composition of multispecies fisheries is fundamental to effective spatial fishery management.In the Equatorial Western and Central Pacific Ocean(EWCPO),the main catches of the tuna purse-seine ...Understanding the catch composition of multispecies fisheries is fundamental to effective spatial fishery management.In the Equatorial Western and Central Pacific Ocean(EWCPO),the main catches of the tuna purse-seine fishery include skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis),yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares),and bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus).Studying the spatiotemporal distribution of the catch composition in the context of climate change contributes to the sustainable development of this fishery.Our study analyzed purse seine fishery data and environmental data from 1997 to 2019,using a random forest model to explore the changing mechanisms of catch composition under different El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)episodes with catch mean trophic level(CMTL)as the response variable.Emerging hot spot analysis was used to identify significant spatiotemporal hot(cold)spot areas.The results revealed two hot spot areas,namely the western hotspot area(WHA)and the eastern hotspot area(EHA),and two cold spot areas,namely the northern cold spot area(NCA)and the southern cold spot area(SCA).EHA spans the entire central Pacific east of 170°E among different ENSO episodes,expanding and contracting in tandem with the 28℃isotherm.WHA is mainly influenced by surface organic matter and the Western Boundary Currents and remains among different ENSO episodes.NCA is formed by the westerly anomalies and positive wind stress curl anomalies and exists only under La Niña episodes.SCA persists within the unproductive South Equatorial Current(SEC)and remains stable among different ENSO episodes.Our study contributes to revealing the spatiotemporal dynamics in tuna catch composition and their relationships with environmental factors and interspecies competition,providing valuable insights for ecosystem-based dynamic fishery management.展开更多
It was found that a pitch-catch signal was more sensitive than normal incidence backwall echo of longitudinal wave to subtle flaw conditions in the composites (damages, fiber orientation, low level porosity, ply wavi...It was found that a pitch-catch signal was more sensitive than normal incidence backwall echo of longitudinal wave to subtle flaw conditions in the composites (damages, fiber orientation, low level porosity, ply waviness, and cracks). Both the strength and stiffness depend on the fiber orientation and porosity volume in the composites. The porosity content of a composite structure is critical to the strength and performance of the structure in general. The depth of the sampling volume where the pitch-catch signal came from was relatively shallow with the head- to-head miniature Rayleigh probes, but the depth can be increased by increasing the separation distance of the transmitting and receiving probes. Also, a method was utilized to determine the porosity content of a composite lay-up by processing micrograph images of the laminate. A free software package was utilized to process micrograph images of the test sample. The results from the image processing method were compared with existing data. Beam profile was characterized in unidirectional CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced plastics) using pitch-catch Rayleigh probes and the one-sided pitch-catch technique was utilized to produce C-scan images with the aid of the automatic scanner.展开更多
为探究海州湾鱼类群落在海洋变暖和过度捕捞影响下的动态特征,本研究基于2013—2022年春、秋季海州湾及其邻近海域的渔业资源调查数据,对渔获物平均温度(Mean temperature of the catch,MTC)指数、平均营养级(Mean trophic level,MTL)...为探究海州湾鱼类群落在海洋变暖和过度捕捞影响下的动态特征,本研究基于2013—2022年春、秋季海州湾及其邻近海域的渔业资源调查数据,对渔获物平均温度(Mean temperature of the catch,MTC)指数、平均营养级(Mean trophic level,MTL)、渔业平衡(Fishing-in-balance,FiB)指数和区域性海洋营养(Region-based marine trophic index,RMTI)指数的变化趋势进行了分析,并分析了海州湾鱼类群落结构的变化趋势及其影响因素。研究显示,2013—2022年间海州湾水温呈明显的变暖趋势,秋季变暖幅度更大。春季海州湾及其南部邻近海域鱼类群落的MTC指数呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),秋季海州湾及其南部邻近海域鱼类群落的MTC指数呈波动上升趋势,反映出海州湾鱼类群落对海洋变暖的响应趋势。海州湾鱼类群落的MTL指数呈波动下降趋势,春季下降的幅度小于秋季。FiB和RMTI指数的变化趋势表明,海州湾未发现明显过度开发和其他海域鱼种大规模迁入迁出的迹象。本研究认为,近年来海州湾鱼类群落对海洋变暖的响应显著,高营养级鱼类有所减少,鱼类资源总体处于未过度开发状态。展开更多
根据联合国粮农组织FAO提供的1950—2010年西北太平洋各沿海国的渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级(TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的无脊椎动物营养级,探讨了61年来西北太平洋各沿海国渔获物平均营养级...根据联合国粮农组织FAO提供的1950—2010年西北太平洋各沿海国的渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级(TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的无脊椎动物营养级,探讨了61年来西北太平洋各沿海国渔获物平均营养级的变化情况,以此判定各沿海国海洋渔业资源可持续利用情况。结果表明:除朝鲜外,其他沿海国均出现"捕捞对象沿着海洋食物网向下移动"的现象;中国、日本、韩国、俄罗斯渔获物平均营养级降低的速度分别为0.26/10a、0.21/10a、0.24/10a、0.15/10a;由于各国采取的渔业管理措施不同,导致各国渔业资源出现不同的现状。渔获物平均营养级的变化情况能够反映捕捞活动下各海域海洋生态系统的变化情况,建议西北太平洋各沿海国建立起基于渔获物统计的海洋渔业资源可持续利用评价监测系统,以掌握各国海洋生态系统结构和功能是否健康,为建立基于生态系统的渔业管理提供基础。展开更多
可持续利用评价是确保渔业资源可持续开发的基础。本文根据联合国粮农组织提供的1950—2010年西北太平洋渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种的营养级(TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的海洋无脊椎动物的营养级...可持续利用评价是确保渔业资源可持续开发的基础。本文根据联合国粮农组织提供的1950—2010年西北太平洋渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种的营养级(TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的海洋无脊椎动物的营养级,探讨61年期间西北太平洋渔获物平均营养级的变化情况,以此来判定其渔业资源可持续利用状况。研究认为,西北太平洋渔获物平均营养级大体可分为5个阶段:1950—1961年,其渔获物平均营养级基本保持不变,稳定在3.40-3.45间;1962—1973年,平均营养级呈振荡上升并达到历史最高值的3.58;1974—1987年,平均营养级由最高值下降至历史最低值的3.35;1989—2010年,平均营养级出现了先下降后稳步上升的趋势,并稳定在3.41~3.45间。若仅统计营养级大于3_25渔获种类的产量时,其渔获物平均营养级从1988年开始出现稳定下降,从1988年最高的4.05逐步下降到2005牟的3.84,并在2006—2010年稳定在3.84~3.86间。营养级平衡指数(FIB)在1950—1973年持续上升,1974—1987年间出现下降,1988年则大幅上升,1989—2010年间在波动中下降。研究认为,西北太平洋海域渔业资源开发已经出现“捕捞对象沿着海洋食物网向下移动”的现象,其渔获物平均营养级降低表明海洋生态系统结构和功能遭到破坏,且平均营养级的下降主要是由过度捕捞所引起。展开更多
运用文献计量分析方法,以Web of Science数据库整理获得的157篇文献为研究对象,对基于渔获物的平均营养级研究现状及其趋势进行了较为系统的梳理和分析。结果显示,基于渔获物的平均营养级研究自1998年首次应用以来,其研究成果及应用得...运用文献计量分析方法,以Web of Science数据库整理获得的157篇文献为研究对象,对基于渔获物的平均营养级研究现状及其趋势进行了较为系统的梳理和分析。结果显示,基于渔获物的平均营养级研究自1998年首次应用以来,其研究成果及应用得到快速发展,研究成果不仅发表于海洋类和生态类主流期刊,一些国际顶尖期刊也对其研究给予了较多关注。许多国家均涉及对基于渔获物的平均营养级的研究工作,并以北美洲和欧洲国家占据主要地位。基于渔获物的平均营养级作为渔业可持续性和群落营养结构指标应用已较为成熟且广泛,同时在水产养殖、气候变化、社会经济等方面也有所应用。分析认为,未来应加大对生产统计数的空间尺度,及基于渔获物的平均营养级的参考点和极限值作为渔业管理的目标与指示指标等方面的研究,同时,把其与渔业可持续发展评价与渔业管理有效结合起来,为渔业资源可持续利用和科学管理提供参考。展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2023YFD2401303.
文摘Understanding the catch composition of multispecies fisheries is fundamental to effective spatial fishery management.In the Equatorial Western and Central Pacific Ocean(EWCPO),the main catches of the tuna purse-seine fishery include skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis),yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares),and bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus).Studying the spatiotemporal distribution of the catch composition in the context of climate change contributes to the sustainable development of this fishery.Our study analyzed purse seine fishery data and environmental data from 1997 to 2019,using a random forest model to explore the changing mechanisms of catch composition under different El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)episodes with catch mean trophic level(CMTL)as the response variable.Emerging hot spot analysis was used to identify significant spatiotemporal hot(cold)spot areas.The results revealed two hot spot areas,namely the western hotspot area(WHA)and the eastern hotspot area(EHA),and two cold spot areas,namely the northern cold spot area(NCA)and the southern cold spot area(SCA).EHA spans the entire central Pacific east of 170°E among different ENSO episodes,expanding and contracting in tandem with the 28℃isotherm.WHA is mainly influenced by surface organic matter and the Western Boundary Currents and remains among different ENSO episodes.NCA is formed by the westerly anomalies and positive wind stress curl anomalies and exists only under La Niña episodes.SCA persists within the unproductive South Equatorial Current(SEC)and remains stable among different ENSO episodes.Our study contributes to revealing the spatiotemporal dynamics in tuna catch composition and their relationships with environmental factors and interspecies competition,providing valuable insights for ecosystem-based dynamic fishery management.
基金supported by Chosun University,Gwangju,Korea,during the 2007 academic year.
文摘It was found that a pitch-catch signal was more sensitive than normal incidence backwall echo of longitudinal wave to subtle flaw conditions in the composites (damages, fiber orientation, low level porosity, ply waviness, and cracks). Both the strength and stiffness depend on the fiber orientation and porosity volume in the composites. The porosity content of a composite structure is critical to the strength and performance of the structure in general. The depth of the sampling volume where the pitch-catch signal came from was relatively shallow with the head- to-head miniature Rayleigh probes, but the depth can be increased by increasing the separation distance of the transmitting and receiving probes. Also, a method was utilized to determine the porosity content of a composite lay-up by processing micrograph images of the laminate. A free software package was utilized to process micrograph images of the test sample. The results from the image processing method were compared with existing data. Beam profile was characterized in unidirectional CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced plastics) using pitch-catch Rayleigh probes and the one-sided pitch-catch technique was utilized to produce C-scan images with the aid of the automatic scanner.
文摘为探究海州湾鱼类群落在海洋变暖和过度捕捞影响下的动态特征,本研究基于2013—2022年春、秋季海州湾及其邻近海域的渔业资源调查数据,对渔获物平均温度(Mean temperature of the catch,MTC)指数、平均营养级(Mean trophic level,MTL)、渔业平衡(Fishing-in-balance,FiB)指数和区域性海洋营养(Region-based marine trophic index,RMTI)指数的变化趋势进行了分析,并分析了海州湾鱼类群落结构的变化趋势及其影响因素。研究显示,2013—2022年间海州湾水温呈明显的变暖趋势,秋季变暖幅度更大。春季海州湾及其南部邻近海域鱼类群落的MTC指数呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),秋季海州湾及其南部邻近海域鱼类群落的MTC指数呈波动上升趋势,反映出海州湾鱼类群落对海洋变暖的响应趋势。海州湾鱼类群落的MTL指数呈波动下降趋势,春季下降的幅度小于秋季。FiB和RMTI指数的变化趋势表明,海州湾未发现明显过度开发和其他海域鱼种大规模迁入迁出的迹象。本研究认为,近年来海州湾鱼类群落对海洋变暖的响应显著,高营养级鱼类有所减少,鱼类资源总体处于未过度开发状态。
文摘根据联合国粮农组织FAO提供的1950—2010年西北太平洋各沿海国的渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级(TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的无脊椎动物营养级,探讨了61年来西北太平洋各沿海国渔获物平均营养级的变化情况,以此判定各沿海国海洋渔业资源可持续利用情况。结果表明:除朝鲜外,其他沿海国均出现"捕捞对象沿着海洋食物网向下移动"的现象;中国、日本、韩国、俄罗斯渔获物平均营养级降低的速度分别为0.26/10a、0.21/10a、0.24/10a、0.15/10a;由于各国采取的渔业管理措施不同,导致各国渔业资源出现不同的现状。渔获物平均营养级的变化情况能够反映捕捞活动下各海域海洋生态系统的变化情况,建议西北太平洋各沿海国建立起基于渔获物统计的海洋渔业资源可持续利用评价监测系统,以掌握各国海洋生态系统结构和功能是否健康,为建立基于生态系统的渔业管理提供基础。
文摘可持续利用评价是确保渔业资源可持续开发的基础。本文根据联合国粮农组织提供的1950—2010年西北太平洋渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种的营养级(TL)以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的海洋无脊椎动物的营养级,探讨61年期间西北太平洋渔获物平均营养级的变化情况,以此来判定其渔业资源可持续利用状况。研究认为,西北太平洋渔获物平均营养级大体可分为5个阶段:1950—1961年,其渔获物平均营养级基本保持不变,稳定在3.40-3.45间;1962—1973年,平均营养级呈振荡上升并达到历史最高值的3.58;1974—1987年,平均营养级由最高值下降至历史最低值的3.35;1989—2010年,平均营养级出现了先下降后稳步上升的趋势,并稳定在3.41~3.45间。若仅统计营养级大于3_25渔获种类的产量时,其渔获物平均营养级从1988年开始出现稳定下降,从1988年最高的4.05逐步下降到2005牟的3.84,并在2006—2010年稳定在3.84~3.86间。营养级平衡指数(FIB)在1950—1973年持续上升,1974—1987年间出现下降,1988年则大幅上升,1989—2010年间在波动中下降。研究认为,西北太平洋海域渔业资源开发已经出现“捕捞对象沿着海洋食物网向下移动”的现象,其渔获物平均营养级降低表明海洋生态系统结构和功能遭到破坏,且平均营养级的下降主要是由过度捕捞所引起。
文摘运用文献计量分析方法,以Web of Science数据库整理获得的157篇文献为研究对象,对基于渔获物的平均营养级研究现状及其趋势进行了较为系统的梳理和分析。结果显示,基于渔获物的平均营养级研究自1998年首次应用以来,其研究成果及应用得到快速发展,研究成果不仅发表于海洋类和生态类主流期刊,一些国际顶尖期刊也对其研究给予了较多关注。许多国家均涉及对基于渔获物的平均营养级的研究工作,并以北美洲和欧洲国家占据主要地位。基于渔获物的平均营养级作为渔业可持续性和群落营养结构指标应用已较为成熟且广泛,同时在水产养殖、气候变化、社会经济等方面也有所应用。分析认为,未来应加大对生产统计数的空间尺度,及基于渔获物的平均营养级的参考点和极限值作为渔业管理的目标与指示指标等方面的研究,同时,把其与渔业可持续发展评价与渔业管理有效结合起来,为渔业资源可持续利用和科学管理提供参考。