Lignin has been proved to be a promising precursor for producing carbon foam.The thermal and chemistry properties of lignin during its thermal conversion make it quite unique comparing with other precursors,and the co...Lignin has been proved to be a promising precursor for producing carbon foam.The thermal and chemistry properties of lignin during its thermal conversion make it quite unique comparing with other precursors,and the conversion parameters can clearly affect the properties of the derived products.Therefore,this study systematically investigated the effects of key carbonization parameters on the properties of the resulting carbon foam materials.The findings demonstrate that the performance of the self-shaping lignin-derived carbon foam is simultaneously influenced by the factors that carbonization temperature,heating rate,and carbonization duration.Specifically,the carbonization temperature and carbonization duration have a significant impact on the mechanical performance,where higher temperatures and long carbonization time improve compressive strength and specific strength.Moreover,the data revealed that elevated temperatures,rapid heating rates,and shortened carbonization periods collectively promoted the development of higher porosities and larger pore diameters within the carbon foam structure.Conversely,lower carbonization temperatures,slower heating rates,and extended carbonization durations facilitated the formation of microporous in the carbon foam.This study provides a scientific foundation for optimizing the production of lignin-derived carbon foam with tailored properties and performance characteristics.展开更多
The calcium-containing rare earth solution is generated during the recovery processes of NdFeB waste,which is treated as wastewater by enterprises.In this paper,the carbon dioxide carbonization method was applied to t...The calcium-containing rare earth solution is generated during the recovery processes of NdFeB waste,which is treated as wastewater by enterprises.In this paper,the carbon dioxide carbonization method was applied to the separation of rare earths and calcium in the solution,as well as the preparation of rare earth oxides with a large specific surface.It is shown that the process of CO_(2)carbonization of solution includes reactions such as the dissolution,diffusion and ionization of CO_(2),the carbonate precipitation of rare earth ions,and the neutralization of hydrogen ions.At a pH of 4.5,the carbonization precipitation rate is effectively controlled,enabling homogeneous precipitation and ensuring both high precipitation yield and rare earth oxides purity.In this way,the crystallization of carbonization products is a process dominated by the oriented attachment theory and coexisting with the Ostwald ripening theory,resulting in abundant pores formed by multiple layers of stacking in the products.With the optimal carbonization conditions,the rare earth precipitation yield solution reaches 99.32%.The obtained carbonization products are crystalline(LaCe)(CO_(3))_(3)·8H_(2)O,and the purity of the rare earth oxides is as high as 99.22 wt%.The specific surface area of the rare earth oxides reaches 94.7 m^(2)/g,and its adsorption efficiency for tetracycline hydrochloride in solution can reach 92.6%in a short time.The rare earth oxides are expected to be used as an adsorption material for wastewater treatment and other adsorption environments.展开更多
In this context,an enzyme-induced magnesia carbonization(EIMC)method was proposed for practical healing of rock weathering cracks in term of bio-cementing sandstone grains.For this,a series of experiments were conduct...In this context,an enzyme-induced magnesia carbonization(EIMC)method was proposed for practical healing of rock weathering cracks in term of bio-cementing sandstone grains.For this,a series of experiments were conducted on EIMC mortar samples,and the physicomechanical properties were obtained.The effects of urea pre-hydrolysis time,mass ratio of liquid solution to magnesia,and urea concentration were analyzed.Experimental results indicated that the urea pre-hydrolysis based EIMC method had a better cementation ability of sandstone grain and greater crack surface bonding performance of sandstone than the existing microbial-induced magnesia carbonization(MIMC)method.The optimal bio-cementation conditions were of pre-hydrolysis time of 24 h,mass ratio of liquid solution to magnesia of 1.75,and urea concentration of 1 mol/L.Under these conditions,the peak tensile stress of EIMC mortar samples reached up to 948.45 kPa,and interfacial peak tensile stress of EIMC-sandstone samples reached 608.57 kPa.These values were 118.6%(799.97 kPa)and 123.2%(493.19 kPa)of those of samples bio-cemented by the MIMC method,respectively.The improved bio-cementation performance can be attributed to the pre-hydrolysis of urea,ensuring an adequate supply of CO_(3)^(2-) ions and promoting the magnesia hydration and the brucite carbonization.The increased production of hydrated magnesium carbonates,coupled with formation of the amorphous brucite facilitated by biomolecules,established a denser structure,enhancing the physicomechanical properties.Microcrack development near the interfacial zone of mortar and sandstone was an important factor in the reduced biocementation performance of the MIMC method.The EIMC method is a practical bio-healing method for rock weathering cracks due to the availability of urease and its good cementation properties.展开更多
Ultrafast reaction kinetics is essential for rapid detection,synthesis,and process monitoring,but the intrinsic energy barrier as a basic material property is challenging to tailor.With the involvement of nanointerfac...Ultrafast reaction kinetics is essential for rapid detection,synthesis,and process monitoring,but the intrinsic energy barrier as a basic material property is challenging to tailor.With the involvement of nanointerfacial chemistry,we propose a carbonization-based strategy for achieving ultrafast chemical reaction.In a case study,ultrafast Griess reaction within 1 min through the carbonization of N-(1-naphthalene)ethylenediamine(NETH)was realized.The carbonization-mediated ultrafast reaction is attributed to the synergic action of reduced electrostatic repulsion,enriched reactant concentration,and boosted NETH nucleophilicity.The enhanced reaction kinetics in o-phenylenediamine-Cu^(2)+and ophenylenediamine-ascorbic acid systems validate the universality of carbonization-engineered ultrafast chemical reaction strategy.The finding of this work offers a novel and simple tactic for the fabrication of multifunctional nanoparticles as ultrafast and effective nanoreactants and/or reporters in analytical,biological,and material aspects.展开更多
The resource utilization of sludge can effectively achieve the regeneration and utilization of resources,and promote sustainable economic development.Sludge carbonization is a sludge treatment and disposal technology ...The resource utilization of sludge can effectively achieve the regeneration and utilization of resources,and promote sustainable economic development.Sludge carbonization is a sludge treatment and disposal technology with broad application prospects,and its products have shown significant resource potential in land use,fuel utilization,and other fields.At present,China still faces some challenges in the resource utilization of sludge carbonization,such as issues related to heavy metal stability and outdated standards.In the future,it is necessary to further strengthen research,improve the standard system,and promote the widespread application of sludge carbonization technology,so as to achieve the goals of sludge reduction,harmlessness,and resource utilization and support the development of circular economy.展开更多
This work proposes an adaptive quantum approximate optimization-based model predictive control(MPC)strategy for energy management in buildings equipped with battery energy storage and renewable energy generation syste...This work proposes an adaptive quantum approximate optimization-based model predictive control(MPC)strategy for energy management in buildings equipped with battery energy storage and renewable energy generation systems.The learning-based parameter transfer scheme to realize adaptive quantum optimization leverages Bayesian optimization to predict initial quantum circuit parameters.When applied to the MPC problems formulated as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems,this approach computes optimal controls to minimize the net energy consumption levels in buildings and promotes decarbonization while reducing the computational efforts required for the quantum approximate optimization algorithm as the building energy system trajectory progresses.The energy efficiency and the decarbonization benefits of the proposed quantum optimization-based MPC strategy are demonstrated on buildings at the Cornell University campus.The proposed quantum computing-based technique to address MPC problems in buildings demonstrates energy-efficient and low-carbon building operation with a 6.8% improvement over deterministic MPC and presents opportunities for scaling to larger control problems with a significant reduction in utilized quantum computing resources.A reduction of 41.2% in carbon emissions is also achieved with the proposed control strategy facilitated by efficiently managing battery energy storage and renewable generation sources to promote a push toward carbonneutral building operations.展开更多
This study investigates the disparities in the deployment of photovoltaic(PV)technology for carbon emissions reduction across different nations,highlighting the mismatch between countries with high economic capacity a...This study investigates the disparities in the deployment of photovoltaic(PV)technology for carbon emissions reduction across different nations,highlighting the mismatch between countries with high economic capacity and those where PV installation would maximize global decarbonization benefits.This mismatch is discussed based on three key factors influencing decarbonization via PV technology:per capita gross domestic product;carbon intensity of the energy system;and solar resource availability.Current PV deployment is predominantly concentrated in economically advanced countries,and does not coincide with regions where the environmental and economic impact of such installations would be most significant.Through a series of thought experiments,it is demonstrated how alternative prioritization strategies could significantly reduce global carbon emissions.Argument is put forward for a globally coordinated approach to PV deployment,particularly targeting high-impact sunbelt regions,to enhance the efficacy of decarbonization efforts and promote equitable energy access.The study underscores the need for international policies that support sustainable energy transitions in economically less developed regions through workforce development and assistance with the activation of capital.展开更多
The recycling of plastics is a significant global concern.Due to the thermosetting properties of melamineformaldehyde(MF)resin plastics,which make heating and melting difficult,their recycling and reuse pose substanti...The recycling of plastics is a significant global concern.Due to the thermosetting properties of melamineformaldehyde(MF)resin plastics,which make heating and melting difficult,their recycling and reuse pose substantial challenges.In this study,we developed nitrogen-doped(N-doped)carbon materials through scalable carbonization of MF resin plastic waste.This metal-free N-doped carbon catalyst achieved a hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production rate of 971.6 mmol gcatalyst^(-1)h^(-1)with a Faradaic efficiency for H_(2)O_(2)(FEH_(2)O_(2))exceeding 90%under acidic conditions.Additionally,a flow cell utilizing this carbon catalyst demonstrated a production rate of 11.3 mol cm^(-2)h^(-1)(22.5 mol g_(catalyst)^(-1)h^(-1))and maintained a record-high current density of approximately 530 mA cm^(-2)over 300 h.In-situ electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed the presence of porphyrin-like carbon defects,which serve as active sites for the continuous and stable generation of^(*)OOH species.The nitrogen-doped carbon materials obtained from large-scale carbonization of MF plastic waste exhibit abundant active sites,making them highly promising electrocatalysts for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(-)ORR).展开更多
基金funding support from Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909132)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22208183)+1 种基金Startup Foundation from Qingdao Agricultural University(663-1120040,665-1119020)Technology development project from Jinan Shengquan Company(20233702031771)。
文摘Lignin has been proved to be a promising precursor for producing carbon foam.The thermal and chemistry properties of lignin during its thermal conversion make it quite unique comparing with other precursors,and the conversion parameters can clearly affect the properties of the derived products.Therefore,this study systematically investigated the effects of key carbonization parameters on the properties of the resulting carbon foam materials.The findings demonstrate that the performance of the self-shaping lignin-derived carbon foam is simultaneously influenced by the factors that carbonization temperature,heating rate,and carbonization duration.Specifically,the carbonization temperature and carbonization duration have a significant impact on the mechanical performance,where higher temperatures and long carbonization time improve compressive strength and specific strength.Moreover,the data revealed that elevated temperatures,rapid heating rates,and shortened carbonization periods collectively promoted the development of higher porosities and larger pore diameters within the carbon foam structure.Conversely,lower carbonization temperatures,slower heating rates,and extended carbonization durations facilitated the formation of microporous in the carbon foam.This study provides a scientific foundation for optimizing the production of lignin-derived carbon foam with tailored properties and performance characteristics.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2022YFC2905202)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232ACB204014)Youth Jinggang Scholars Program in Jiangxi Province(QNJG2019056)。
文摘The calcium-containing rare earth solution is generated during the recovery processes of NdFeB waste,which is treated as wastewater by enterprises.In this paper,the carbon dioxide carbonization method was applied to the separation of rare earths and calcium in the solution,as well as the preparation of rare earth oxides with a large specific surface.It is shown that the process of CO_(2)carbonization of solution includes reactions such as the dissolution,diffusion and ionization of CO_(2),the carbonate precipitation of rare earth ions,and the neutralization of hydrogen ions.At a pH of 4.5,the carbonization precipitation rate is effectively controlled,enabling homogeneous precipitation and ensuring both high precipitation yield and rare earth oxides purity.In this way,the crystallization of carbonization products is a process dominated by the oriented attachment theory and coexisting with the Ostwald ripening theory,resulting in abundant pores formed by multiple layers of stacking in the products.With the optimal carbonization conditions,the rare earth precipitation yield solution reaches 99.32%.The obtained carbonization products are crystalline(LaCe)(CO_(3))_(3)·8H_(2)O,and the purity of the rare earth oxides is as high as 99.22 wt%.The specific surface area of the rare earth oxides reaches 94.7 m^(2)/g,and its adsorption efficiency for tetracycline hydrochloride in solution can reach 92.6%in a short time.The rare earth oxides are expected to be used as an adsorption material for wastewater treatment and other adsorption environments.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory for Geo-Mechanics and Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining&Technology/China University of Mining&Technology,Beijing(Grant No.SKLGDUEK2214)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42477188)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3007102).
文摘In this context,an enzyme-induced magnesia carbonization(EIMC)method was proposed for practical healing of rock weathering cracks in term of bio-cementing sandstone grains.For this,a series of experiments were conducted on EIMC mortar samples,and the physicomechanical properties were obtained.The effects of urea pre-hydrolysis time,mass ratio of liquid solution to magnesia,and urea concentration were analyzed.Experimental results indicated that the urea pre-hydrolysis based EIMC method had a better cementation ability of sandstone grain and greater crack surface bonding performance of sandstone than the existing microbial-induced magnesia carbonization(MIMC)method.The optimal bio-cementation conditions were of pre-hydrolysis time of 24 h,mass ratio of liquid solution to magnesia of 1.75,and urea concentration of 1 mol/L.Under these conditions,the peak tensile stress of EIMC mortar samples reached up to 948.45 kPa,and interfacial peak tensile stress of EIMC-sandstone samples reached 608.57 kPa.These values were 118.6%(799.97 kPa)and 123.2%(493.19 kPa)of those of samples bio-cemented by the MIMC method,respectively.The improved bio-cementation performance can be attributed to the pre-hydrolysis of urea,ensuring an adequate supply of CO_(3)^(2-) ions and promoting the magnesia hydration and the brucite carbonization.The increased production of hydrated magnesium carbonates,coupled with formation of the amorphous brucite facilitated by biomolecules,established a denser structure,enhancing the physicomechanical properties.Microcrack development near the interfacial zone of mortar and sandstone was an important factor in the reduced biocementation performance of the MIMC method.The EIMC method is a practical bio-healing method for rock weathering cracks due to the availability of urease and its good cementation properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82160153,21505162,22074005,and 22101027)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022SK2102)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Project(No.240994)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.2202038).
文摘Ultrafast reaction kinetics is essential for rapid detection,synthesis,and process monitoring,but the intrinsic energy barrier as a basic material property is challenging to tailor.With the involvement of nanointerfacial chemistry,we propose a carbonization-based strategy for achieving ultrafast chemical reaction.In a case study,ultrafast Griess reaction within 1 min through the carbonization of N-(1-naphthalene)ethylenediamine(NETH)was realized.The carbonization-mediated ultrafast reaction is attributed to the synergic action of reduced electrostatic repulsion,enriched reactant concentration,and boosted NETH nucleophilicity.The enhanced reaction kinetics in o-phenylenediamine-Cu^(2)+and ophenylenediamine-ascorbic acid systems validate the universality of carbonization-engineered ultrafast chemical reaction strategy.The finding of this work offers a novel and simple tactic for the fabrication of multifunctional nanoparticles as ultrafast and effective nanoreactants and/or reporters in analytical,biological,and material aspects.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Start-up Project for the Introduction of Senior Talents of Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College(sxzyzg-202405).
文摘The resource utilization of sludge can effectively achieve the regeneration and utilization of resources,and promote sustainable economic development.Sludge carbonization is a sludge treatment and disposal technology with broad application prospects,and its products have shown significant resource potential in land use,fuel utilization,and other fields.At present,China still faces some challenges in the resource utilization of sludge carbonization,such as issues related to heavy metal stability and outdated standards.In the future,it is necessary to further strengthen research,improve the standard system,and promote the widespread application of sludge carbonization technology,so as to achieve the goals of sludge reduction,harmlessness,and resource utilization and support the development of circular economy.
文摘This work proposes an adaptive quantum approximate optimization-based model predictive control(MPC)strategy for energy management in buildings equipped with battery energy storage and renewable energy generation systems.The learning-based parameter transfer scheme to realize adaptive quantum optimization leverages Bayesian optimization to predict initial quantum circuit parameters.When applied to the MPC problems formulated as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems,this approach computes optimal controls to minimize the net energy consumption levels in buildings and promotes decarbonization while reducing the computational efforts required for the quantum approximate optimization algorithm as the building energy system trajectory progresses.The energy efficiency and the decarbonization benefits of the proposed quantum optimization-based MPC strategy are demonstrated on buildings at the Cornell University campus.The proposed quantum computing-based technique to address MPC problems in buildings demonstrates energy-efficient and low-carbon building operation with a 6.8% improvement over deterministic MPC and presents opportunities for scaling to larger control problems with a significant reduction in utilized quantum computing resources.A reduction of 41.2% in carbon emissions is also achieved with the proposed control strategy facilitated by efficiently managing battery energy storage and renewable generation sources to promote a push toward carbonneutral building operations.
基金supported by the Helmholtz Association within the framework of the innovation platform“Solar TAP”[Az:714-62150-3/1(2023)]co-funded by the European Union(ERC,C2C-PV,project number 101088359)。
文摘This study investigates the disparities in the deployment of photovoltaic(PV)technology for carbon emissions reduction across different nations,highlighting the mismatch between countries with high economic capacity and those where PV installation would maximize global decarbonization benefits.This mismatch is discussed based on three key factors influencing decarbonization via PV technology:per capita gross domestic product;carbon intensity of the energy system;and solar resource availability.Current PV deployment is predominantly concentrated in economically advanced countries,and does not coincide with regions where the environmental and economic impact of such installations would be most significant.Through a series of thought experiments,it is demonstrated how alternative prioritization strategies could significantly reduce global carbon emissions.Argument is put forward for a globally coordinated approach to PV deployment,particularly targeting high-impact sunbelt regions,to enhance the efficacy of decarbonization efforts and promote equitable energy access.The study underscores the need for international policies that support sustainable energy transitions in economically less developed regions through workforce development and assistance with the activation of capital.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22276123,22025505)the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SL2022ZD105)State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composite。
文摘The recycling of plastics is a significant global concern.Due to the thermosetting properties of melamineformaldehyde(MF)resin plastics,which make heating and melting difficult,their recycling and reuse pose substantial challenges.In this study,we developed nitrogen-doped(N-doped)carbon materials through scalable carbonization of MF resin plastic waste.This metal-free N-doped carbon catalyst achieved a hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production rate of 971.6 mmol gcatalyst^(-1)h^(-1)with a Faradaic efficiency for H_(2)O_(2)(FEH_(2)O_(2))exceeding 90%under acidic conditions.Additionally,a flow cell utilizing this carbon catalyst demonstrated a production rate of 11.3 mol cm^(-2)h^(-1)(22.5 mol g_(catalyst)^(-1)h^(-1))and maintained a record-high current density of approximately 530 mA cm^(-2)over 300 h.In-situ electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed the presence of porphyrin-like carbon defects,which serve as active sites for the continuous and stable generation of^(*)OOH species.The nitrogen-doped carbon materials obtained from large-scale carbonization of MF plastic waste exhibit abundant active sites,making them highly promising electrocatalysts for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(-)ORR).
