It is important to understand the development of joints and fractures in rock masses to ensure drilling stability and blasting effectiveness.Traditional manual observation techniques for identifying and extracting fra...It is important to understand the development of joints and fractures in rock masses to ensure drilling stability and blasting effectiveness.Traditional manual observation techniques for identifying and extracting fracture characteristics have been proven to be inefficient and prone to subjective interpretation.Moreover,conventional image processing algorithms and classical deep learning models often encounter difficulties in accurately identifying fracture areas,resulting in unclear contours.This study proposes an intelligent method for detecting internal fractures in mine rock masses to address these challenges.The proposed approach captures a nodal fracture map within the targeted blast area and integrates channel and spatial attention mechanisms into the ResUnet(RU)model.The channel attention mechanism dynamically recalibrates the importance of each feature channel,and the spatial attention mechanism enhances feature representation in key areas while minimizing background noise,thus improving segmentation accuracy.A dynamic serpentine convolution module is also introduced that adaptively adjusts the shape and orientation of the convolution kernel based on the local structure of the input feature map.Furthermore,this method enables the automatic extraction and quantification of borehole nodal fracture information by fitting sinusoidal curves to the boundaries of the fracture contours using the least squares method.In comparison to other advanced deep learning models,our enhanced RU demonstrates superior performance across evaluation metrics,including accuracy,pixel accuracy(PA),and intersection over union(IoU).Unlike traditional manual extraction methods,our intelligent detection approach provides considerable time and cost savings,with an average error rate of approximately 4%.This approach has the potential to greatly improve the efficiency of geological surveys of borehole fractures.展开更多
Gas puff imaging （GPI） is one of the important diagnostics for the （ITPAC international tokamak physics activity ） and entering the ITPA IDD （ international diagnostics database ） . GPI is related to many invest...Gas puff imaging （GPI） is one of the important diagnostics for the （ITPAC international tokamak physics activity ） and entering the ITPA IDD （ international diagnostics database ） . GPI is related to many investigations, for example, edge radiations, etc.展开更多
Imaging systems in nature have attracted a lot of research interest due to their superior optical and imaging characteristics, Recent advancements in materials science, mechanics, and stretchable electronics have led ...Imaging systems in nature have attracted a lot of research interest due to their superior optical and imaging characteristics, Recent advancements in materials science, mechanics, and stretchable electronics have led to successful development of bioinspired cameras that resemble the structures and functions of biological light-sensing organs. In this review, we discuss some recent progresses in mechanics of bioinspired imaging systems, including tunable hemispherical eyeball camera and artificial compound eye camera. The mechanics models and results reviewed in this article can provide efficient tools for design and optimization of such systems, as well as other related optoelectronic systems that combine rigid elements with soft substrates.展开更多
Various spacecraft and satellites from the world’s best space agencies are exploring Mars since 1970, constantly with great ability to capture the maximum amount of dataset for a better understanding of the red plane...Various spacecraft and satellites from the world’s best space agencies are exploring Mars since 1970, constantly with great ability to capture the maximum amount of dataset for a better understanding of the red planet. In this paper, we propose a new method for making a mosaic of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft payload Context Camera (CTX) images. In this procedure, we used ERDAS Imagine for image rectification and mosaicking as a tool for image processing, which is a new and unique method of generating a mosaic of thousands of CTX images to visualize the large-scale areas. The output product will be applicable for mapping of Martian geomorphological features, 2D mapping of the linear feature with high resolution, crater counting, and morphometric analysis to a certain extent.展开更多
The flow field of pulsing air separation is normally in an unsteady turbulence state.With the application of the basic principles of multiphase turbulent flows,we established the dynamical computational model,which sh...The flow field of pulsing air separation is normally in an unsteady turbulence state.With the application of the basic principles of multiphase turbulent flows,we established the dynamical computational model,which shows a remarkable variation of the unstable pulsing air flow field.CFD(computational fluid dynamics) was used to conduct the numerical simulation of the actual geometric model of the classifier.The inside velocity of the flowing fields was analyzed later.The simulation results indicate that the designed structure of the active pulsing air classifier provided a favorable environment for the separation of the particles with different physical characters by density.We shot the movement behaviors of the typical tracer grains in the active pulsing flow field using a high speed dynamic camera.The displacement and velocity curves of the particles in the continuous impulse periods were then analyzed.The experimental results indicate that the effective separation by density of the particles with the same settling velocity and different ranges of the density and particle size can be achieved in the active pulsing airflow field.The experimental results provide an agreement with the simulation results.展开更多
In recent years,the number of patients with orthopedic diseases such as cervical spondylosis has increased,resulting in an increase in the demand for orthopedic surgery.However,thermal necrosis and bone cracks caused ...In recent years,the number of patients with orthopedic diseases such as cervical spondylosis has increased,resulting in an increase in the demand for orthopedic surgery.However,thermal necrosis and bone cracks caused by surgery severely restrict the development and progression of orthopedic surgery.For the material of cutting tool processing bone in bone surgery of drilling high temperature lead to cell death,easy to produce the problem such as crack cause secondary damage effects to restore,in this paper,a bionic drill was designed based on the micro-structure of the dung beetle's head and back.The microstructure configuration parameters were optimized by numerical analysis,and making use of the optical fiber laser marking machine preparation of bionic bit;through drilling test,the mathematical model of drilling temperature and crack generation based on micro-structure characteristic parameters was established by infrared thermal imaging technology and acoustic emission signal technology,and the cooling mechanism and crack suppression strategy were studied.The experimental results show that when the speed is 60 m/min,the cooling effects of the bionic bit T1 and T2 are 15.31%and 19.78%,respectively,and both kinds of bits show obvious crack suppression effect.The research in this paper provides a new idea for precision and efficient machining of bone materials,and the research results will help to improve the design and manufacturing technology and theoretical research level in the field of bone drilling tools.展开更多
The ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor β gallium oxide(β-Ga_(2) O_(3)) gives promise to low conduction loss and high power for electronic devices. However, due to the natural poor thermal conductivity of β-Ga_(2) O_(...The ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor β gallium oxide(β-Ga_(2) O_(3)) gives promise to low conduction loss and high power for electronic devices. However, due to the natural poor thermal conductivity of β-Ga_(2) O_(3), their power devices suffer from serious self-heating effect. To overcome this problem, we emphasize on the effect of device structure on peak temperature in β-Ga_(2) O_(3) Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs) using TCAD simulation and experiment. The SBD topologies including crystal orientation of β-Ga_(2) O_(3), work function of Schottky metal, anode area, and thickness, were simulated in TCAD, showing that the thickness of β-Ga_(2) O_(3) plays a key role in reducing the peak temperature of diodes. Hence, we fabricated β-Ga_(2) O_(3) SBDs with three different thickness epitaxial layers and five different thickness substrates. The surface temperature of the diodes was measured using an infrared thermal imaging camera. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. Thus, our results provide a new thermal management strategy for high power β-Ga_(2) O_(3) diode.展开更多
A real-time pedestrian detection and tracking system using a single video camera was developed to monitor pedestrians. This system contained six modules: video flow capture, pre-processing, movement detection, shadow ...A real-time pedestrian detection and tracking system using a single video camera was developed to monitor pedestrians. This system contained six modules: video flow capture, pre-processing, movement detection, shadow removal, tracking, and object classification. The Gaussian mixture model was utilized to extract the moving object from an image sequence segmented by the mean-shift technique in the pre-processing module. Shadow removal was used to alleviate the negative impact of the shadow to the detected objects. A model-free method was adopted to identify pedestrians. The maximum and minimum integration methods were developed to integrate multiple cues into the mean-shift algorithm and the initial tracking iteration with the competent integrated probability distribution map for object tracking. A simple but effective algorithm was proposed to handle full occlusion cases. The system was tested using real traffic videos from different sites. The results of the test confirm that the system is reliable and has an overall accuracy of over 85%.展开更多
The simulation software, HFSS （high frequency structure simulator）, is introduced in microwave oven design. In the cold test, a network analyzer is used to measure the reflection coefficient （S11） of the cavity un...The simulation software, HFSS （high frequency structure simulator）, is introduced in microwave oven design. In the cold test, a network analyzer is used to measure the reflection coefficient （S11） of the cavity under empty and loaded states over the frequency range from 2.448 GHz to 2.468 GHz. In the hot test, a piece of wet thermal paper and an infrared thermal imaging camera are used to measure the electric field distributions on the mica and turntable. In the cold test, the simulation agrees well with the experiment no matter in empty state or loaded state. In the hot test, the simulation agrees well with the experiment in general in empty state and approximately in loaded state. The little difference in both cold and hot test may be due to that the model in simulation is not absolutely identical with that in experiment or the inadequate precision of infrared thermal imaging camera.展开更多
The groundwater may recharge the surface water bodies through seepage faces and springs.The spatial correlation between the fault zones and the groundwater seepage faces results in deep understanding of the hydrogeolo...The groundwater may recharge the surface water bodies through seepage faces and springs.The spatial correlation between the fault zones and the groundwater seepage faces results in deep understanding of the hydrogeologic regime,especially where there is no monitoring boreholes.Locating these recharging zones by conventional methods is a challenging task;particularly in areas where(1)there is no hydrogeologic monitoring boreholes or reliable data,(2)private pumps withdraw the stream,and(3)intense canopy limits the use of drones and satellite images.This paper aims to study the relationship between the fault zones and occurrence of the groundwater seepage faces by using the high resolution handheld thermal imaging cameras as a tool to locate the seepage faces along a small river in the Damavand County,north of Iran.The correlation between the structural geology features and occurrence of the groundwater seepage faces revealed that the stream in the study area is being recharged by the groundwater at extensive fault zones.Additionally,this study suggests that the handheld thermal imaging cameras are a useful robust tools to evaluate the surface-groundwater interaction.However,it is essential to use the field structural geologic and hydrogeologic observations to interpret the thermal images.展开更多
Fines represent a significant volume of biobased wood material and filler,which is of significant importance to sheet quality.New imaging technology reveals the true nature of the behavior of fines in the retention pr...Fines represent a significant volume of biobased wood material and filler,which is of significant importance to sheet quality.New imaging technology reveals the true nature of the behavior of fines in the retention process.This study illustrates new chemical mixing systems,novel and efficient flash mixing methods,and active measurement and automation systems pertaining to efficient management of fines in the stock flow prior to headbox in paper,board,and tissue production,which can reduce additive,fresh water,energy consumption,and the carbon footprint of production to improve sustainability and provide novel opportunities for fines and filler management.展开更多
In the surface imaging of underwater structures, long working distance will reduce image quality due to the turbidity of water. To acquire high definition and large field of view(FOV) images for surface detection, a s...In the surface imaging of underwater structures, long working distance will reduce image quality due to the turbidity of water. To acquire high definition and large field of view(FOV) images for surface detection, a short-working-distance underwater imaging system is proposed based on camera array. A multi-view calibration and rectification method is developed. A look-up table(LUT) method and a multi-resolution spline(MRS) method are applied to stitch array images real-time and seamlessly.Experiments both in the air and in the water are conducted. Strength and weakness of the LUT and MRS methods are discussed.Based on the results, the effectiveness in surface detection of underwater structures is verified.展开更多
A method based on the XYZLMS interim connection space is proposed to accurately acquire the multi-spectral images by digital still cameras. The XYZLMS values are firstly predicted from RGB values by polynomial model w...A method based on the XYZLMS interim connection space is proposed to accurately acquire the multi-spectral images by digital still cameras. The XYZLMS values are firstly predicted from RGB values by polynomial model with local training samples and then spectral reflectance is constructed from XYZLMS values by pseudo-inverse method. An experiment is implemented for multi-spectral image acquisition based on a commercial digital still camera. The results indicate that multi-spectral images can be accurately acquired except the very dark colors.展开更多
Aim:The versatile application of perforator free flaps for coverage of any extremity has been well proven.Often,a"freestyle"-like approach is used to design these flaps,as conventional imaging techniques for...Aim:The versatile application of perforator free flaps for coverage of any extremity has been well proven.Often,a"freestyle"-like approach is used to design these flaps,as conventional imaging techniques for perforator identification may be too expensive or unavailable.As will be demonstrated,the recent application of a thermal imaging camera using a smartphone is a cheaper and therefore more universal means to better identify the requisite perforators upon which a free flap can be designed and then monitored.Methods:Smartphone thermography can be used on any patient preoperatively to identify preferable perforators or vascular network"hot spots"within the desired donor site territory.Intraoperative management of the choice of perforators and subsequent flap dissection can be similarly facilitated.Intermittent postoperative monitoring based on changes of the thermal image color palette will provide a comparison that can be used to determine if perfusion across the microanastomosis is sustained.Results:An overview of how to use a smartphone in concert with a thermal imaging camera is outlined.Dynamic infrared thermography represents a thermal stress necessary with a smartphone to better identify donor site"hot spots".Conclusion:Smartphone thermography is an inexpensive and expeditious means for identification of"hot spots"that correlate with perforators that would suffice to insure perfusion to a free perforator flap.However,since perforator caliber and course cannot be determined,this should be considered to be only a complementary adjunct for conventional methods.Nevertheless,its simplicity will overall improve the safer design,harvest,and subsequent monitoring of free flaps.展开更多
Full-parallax light-field is captured by a small-scale 3D image scanning system and applied to holographic display. A vertical camera array is scanned horizontally to capture full-parallax imagery, and the vertical vi...Full-parallax light-field is captured by a small-scale 3D image scanning system and applied to holographic display. A vertical camera array is scanned horizontally to capture full-parallax imagery, and the vertical views between cameras are interpolated by depth image-based rendering technique. An improved technique for depth estimation reduces the estimation error and high-density light-field is obtained. The captured data is employed for the calculation of computer hologram using ray-sampling plane. This technique enables high-resolution display even in deep 3D scene although a hologram is calculated from ray information, and thus it makes use of the important advantage of holographic 3D display.展开更多
Recently, Sandia Laboratories developed a neutron scatter camera to detect special nuclear materials. This camera exhibits the following advantages: high efficiency, direction discrimination, neutron-gamma discriminat...Recently, Sandia Laboratories developed a neutron scatter camera to detect special nuclear materials. This camera exhibits the following advantages: high efficiency, direction discrimination, neutron-gamma discrimination ability, and wide field of view. However, using the direct projection method, the angular resolution of this camera is limited by uncertainties in the energies estimated from pulse height and time of flight measurements. In this study, we established an eight-element neutron scatter camera and conducted the experiment with a ^(252)Cf neutron source. The results show that it has an angular resolution better than 8°(1s) and a detection efficiency of approximately 2.6′10-4. Using maximum likelihood expectation maximization method, the image artifact was eliminated, and the angular resolution was improved. We proposed an average scattering angle method to estimate the scattering energy of neutrons and Compton gamma rays. As such, we can obtain a recognizable image and energy spectrum of the source with some degradation of energy and image resolutions. Finally, a newly measured light response function based on the MPD^(-4) device was used for image reconstruction. Although we did not obtain a better result than that of the standard light response function, we have observed the effects of light response function on image reconstruction.展开更多
A novel 2-D cosmic ray position detector has been built and studied. It is integrated from a CsI（Na） crystal pixel array, an optical fiber array, an image intensifier and an ICCD camera. The 2-D positions of one cos...A novel 2-D cosmic ray position detector has been built and studied. It is integrated from a CsI（Na） crystal pixel array, an optical fiber array, an image intensifier and an ICCD camera. The 2-D positions of one cosmic ray track is determined by the location of a fired CsI（Na） pixel. The scintillation light of these 1.0× 1.0 mm CsI（Na） pixels is delivered to the image intensifier through fibers. The light information is recorded in the ICCD camera in the form of images, from which the 2-D positions can be reconstructed. The background noise and cosmic ray images have been studied. The study shows that the cosmic ray detection efficiency can reach up to 11.4%, while the false accept rate is less than 1%.展开更多
Optical neural networks(ONNs)are a class of emerging computing platforms that leverage the properties of light to perform ultra-fast computations with ultra-low energy consumption.ONNs often use CCD cameras as the out...Optical neural networks(ONNs)are a class of emerging computing platforms that leverage the properties of light to perform ultra-fast computations with ultra-low energy consumption.ONNs often use CCD cameras as the output layer.In this work,we propose the use of perovskite solar cells as a promising alternative to imaging cameras in ONN designs.Solar cells are ubiquitous,versatile,highly customizable,and can be fabricated quickly in laboratories.Their large acquisition area and outstanding efficiency enable them to generate output signals with a large dynamic range without the need for amplification.Here we have experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of using perovskite solar cells for capturing ONN output states,as well as the capability of single-layer random ONNs to achieve excellent performance even with a very limited number of pixels.Our results show that the solar-cell-based ONN setup consistently outperforms the same setup with CCD cameras of the same resolution.These findings highlight the potential of solar-cell-based ONNs as an ideal choice for automated and battery-free edge-computing applications.展开更多
The color composite digital mapping camera （DMC） images are produced by the post-processing software of Z/I imaging. But the failure of radiometric correction in post-processing leads to residual radiometric differe...The color composite digital mapping camera （DMC） images are produced by the post-processing software of Z/I imaging. But the failure of radiometric correction in post-processing leads to residual radiometric differences between CCD images, which then affect the quality of the images in further applications. This paper, via analyzing the characters and causes of such a phenomenon, proposes a repair approach based on hierarchical location using edge curve. The approach employs a hierarchical strategy to locate the transition area and seam-line automatically and then repair the image through the global reconstruction between CCD images and the local reconstruction in the transition area. Experiments indicate that the approach proposed by this paper is feasible and can improve the quality of images effectively.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52474172).
文摘It is important to understand the development of joints and fractures in rock masses to ensure drilling stability and blasting effectiveness.Traditional manual observation techniques for identifying and extracting fracture characteristics have been proven to be inefficient and prone to subjective interpretation.Moreover,conventional image processing algorithms and classical deep learning models often encounter difficulties in accurately identifying fracture areas,resulting in unclear contours.This study proposes an intelligent method for detecting internal fractures in mine rock masses to address these challenges.The proposed approach captures a nodal fracture map within the targeted blast area and integrates channel and spatial attention mechanisms into the ResUnet(RU)model.The channel attention mechanism dynamically recalibrates the importance of each feature channel,and the spatial attention mechanism enhances feature representation in key areas while minimizing background noise,thus improving segmentation accuracy.A dynamic serpentine convolution module is also introduced that adaptively adjusts the shape and orientation of the convolution kernel based on the local structure of the input feature map.Furthermore,this method enables the automatic extraction and quantification of borehole nodal fracture information by fitting sinusoidal curves to the boundaries of the fracture contours using the least squares method.In comparison to other advanced deep learning models,our enhanced RU demonstrates superior performance across evaluation metrics,including accuracy,pixel accuracy(PA),and intersection over union(IoU).Unlike traditional manual extraction methods,our intelligent detection approach provides considerable time and cost savings,with an average error rate of approximately 4%.This approach has the potential to greatly improve the efficiency of geological surveys of borehole fractures.
文摘Gas puff imaging （GPI） is one of the important diagnostics for the （ITPAC international tokamak physics activity ） and entering the ITPA IDD （ international diagnostics database ） . GPI is related to many investigations, for example, edge radiations, etc.
基金support from ACS Petroleum Research Fund(Grant No.53780-DNI7)NSF(Grant No.CMMI-1405355)
文摘Imaging systems in nature have attracted a lot of research interest due to their superior optical and imaging characteristics, Recent advancements in materials science, mechanics, and stretchable electronics have led to successful development of bioinspired cameras that resemble the structures and functions of biological light-sensing organs. In this review, we discuss some recent progresses in mechanics of bioinspired imaging systems, including tunable hemispherical eyeball camera and artificial compound eye camera. The mechanics models and results reviewed in this article can provide efficient tools for design and optimization of such systems, as well as other related optoelectronic systems that combine rigid elements with soft substrates.
文摘Various spacecraft and satellites from the world’s best space agencies are exploring Mars since 1970, constantly with great ability to capture the maximum amount of dataset for a better understanding of the red planet. In this paper, we propose a new method for making a mosaic of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft payload Context Camera (CTX) images. In this procedure, we used ERDAS Imagine for image rectification and mosaicking as a tool for image processing, which is a new and unique method of generating a mosaic of thousands of CTX images to visualize the large-scale areas. The output product will be applicable for mapping of Martian geomorphological features, 2D mapping of the linear feature with high resolution, crater counting, and morphometric analysis to a certain extent.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51074156)the Natural Science Foundation of China for InnovativeResearch Group (No. 50921002)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK2010002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2010ZDP01A06)
文摘The flow field of pulsing air separation is normally in an unsteady turbulence state.With the application of the basic principles of multiphase turbulent flows,we established the dynamical computational model,which shows a remarkable variation of the unstable pulsing air flow field.CFD(computational fluid dynamics) was used to conduct the numerical simulation of the actual geometric model of the classifier.The inside velocity of the flowing fields was analyzed later.The simulation results indicate that the designed structure of the active pulsing air classifier provided a favorable environment for the separation of the particles with different physical characters by density.We shot the movement behaviors of the typical tracer grains in the active pulsing flow field using a high speed dynamic camera.The displacement and velocity curves of the particles in the continuous impulse periods were then analyzed.The experimental results indicate that the effective separation by density of the particles with the same settling velocity and different ranges of the density and particle size can be achieved in the active pulsing airflow field.The experimental results provide an agreement with the simulation results.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51975496)National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No.2019YFB1704800)+2 种基金Hunan Provincial Innovative Province Construction Special Project of China (Grant No.2020GK2083)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No.20720200068)Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-Manufacturing Technology。
文摘In recent years,the number of patients with orthopedic diseases such as cervical spondylosis has increased,resulting in an increase in the demand for orthopedic surgery.However,thermal necrosis and bone cracks caused by surgery severely restrict the development and progression of orthopedic surgery.For the material of cutting tool processing bone in bone surgery of drilling high temperature lead to cell death,easy to produce the problem such as crack cause secondary damage effects to restore,in this paper,a bionic drill was designed based on the micro-structure of the dung beetle's head and back.The microstructure configuration parameters were optimized by numerical analysis,and making use of the optical fiber laser marking machine preparation of bionic bit;through drilling test,the mathematical model of drilling temperature and crack generation based on micro-structure characteristic parameters was established by infrared thermal imaging technology and acoustic emission signal technology,and the cooling mechanism and crack suppression strategy were studied.The experimental results show that when the speed is 60 m/min,the cooling effects of the bionic bit T1 and T2 are 15.31%and 19.78%,respectively,and both kinds of bits show obvious crack suppression effect.The research in this paper provides a new idea for precision and efficient machining of bone materials,and the research results will help to improve the design and manufacturing technology and theoretical research level in the field of bone drilling tools.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61925110, 61821091, 62004184, 62004186, and 51961145110)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFB0406504 and 2016YFA0201803)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)(Grant No. XDB44000000)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS (Grant No. QYZDB-SSW-JSC048)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (Grant Nos. WK2100000014 and WK2100000010)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China (Grant No. 2020B010174002)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices&Integration Technology in Institute of Microelectronics of CAS and Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications in Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics of CAS。
文摘The ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor β gallium oxide(β-Ga_(2) O_(3)) gives promise to low conduction loss and high power for electronic devices. However, due to the natural poor thermal conductivity of β-Ga_(2) O_(3), their power devices suffer from serious self-heating effect. To overcome this problem, we emphasize on the effect of device structure on peak temperature in β-Ga_(2) O_(3) Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs) using TCAD simulation and experiment. The SBD topologies including crystal orientation of β-Ga_(2) O_(3), work function of Schottky metal, anode area, and thickness, were simulated in TCAD, showing that the thickness of β-Ga_(2) O_(3) plays a key role in reducing the peak temperature of diodes. Hence, we fabricated β-Ga_(2) O_(3) SBDs with three different thickness epitaxial layers and five different thickness substrates. The surface temperature of the diodes was measured using an infrared thermal imaging camera. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. Thus, our results provide a new thermal management strategy for high power β-Ga_(2) O_(3) diode.
基金Project(50778015)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012CB725403)supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China
文摘A real-time pedestrian detection and tracking system using a single video camera was developed to monitor pedestrians. This system contained six modules: video flow capture, pre-processing, movement detection, shadow removal, tracking, and object classification. The Gaussian mixture model was utilized to extract the moving object from an image sequence segmented by the mean-shift technique in the pre-processing module. Shadow removal was used to alleviate the negative impact of the shadow to the detected objects. A model-free method was adopted to identify pedestrians. The maximum and minimum integration methods were developed to integrate multiple cues into the mean-shift algorithm and the initial tracking iteration with the competent integrated probability distribution map for object tracking. A simple but effective algorithm was proposed to handle full occlusion cases. The system was tested using real traffic videos from different sites. The results of the test confirm that the system is reliable and has an overall accuracy of over 85%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10775029Vacuum Electronics National Laboratory Foundation under Grant No. NKLC001-063Postdoctoral Foundation under Grant No.20070411149
文摘The simulation software, HFSS （high frequency structure simulator）, is introduced in microwave oven design. In the cold test, a network analyzer is used to measure the reflection coefficient （S11） of the cavity under empty and loaded states over the frequency range from 2.448 GHz to 2.468 GHz. In the hot test, a piece of wet thermal paper and an infrared thermal imaging camera are used to measure the electric field distributions on the mica and turntable. In the cold test, the simulation agrees well with the experiment no matter in empty state or loaded state. In the hot test, the simulation agrees well with the experiment in general in empty state and approximately in loaded state. The little difference in both cold and hot test may be due to that the model in simulation is not absolutely identical with that in experiment or the inadequate precision of infrared thermal imaging camera.
文摘The groundwater may recharge the surface water bodies through seepage faces and springs.The spatial correlation between the fault zones and the groundwater seepage faces results in deep understanding of the hydrogeologic regime,especially where there is no monitoring boreholes.Locating these recharging zones by conventional methods is a challenging task;particularly in areas where(1)there is no hydrogeologic monitoring boreholes or reliable data,(2)private pumps withdraw the stream,and(3)intense canopy limits the use of drones and satellite images.This paper aims to study the relationship between the fault zones and occurrence of the groundwater seepage faces by using the high resolution handheld thermal imaging cameras as a tool to locate the seepage faces along a small river in the Damavand County,north of Iran.The correlation between the structural geology features and occurrence of the groundwater seepage faces revealed that the stream in the study area is being recharged by the groundwater at extensive fault zones.Additionally,this study suggests that the handheld thermal imaging cameras are a useful robust tools to evaluate the surface-groundwater interaction.However,it is essential to use the field structural geologic and hydrogeologic observations to interpret the thermal images.
文摘Fines represent a significant volume of biobased wood material and filler,which is of significant importance to sheet quality.New imaging technology reveals the true nature of the behavior of fines in the retention process.This study illustrates new chemical mixing systems,novel and efficient flash mixing methods,and active measurement and automation systems pertaining to efficient management of fines in the stock flow prior to headbox in paper,board,and tissue production,which can reduce additive,fresh water,energy consumption,and the carbon footprint of production to improve sustainability and provide novel opportunities for fines and filler management.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(Grant No.2014BAK11B04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11272089,11327201,11532005&11602056)
文摘In the surface imaging of underwater structures, long working distance will reduce image quality due to the turbidity of water. To acquire high definition and large field of view(FOV) images for surface detection, a short-working-distance underwater imaging system is proposed based on camera array. A multi-view calibration and rectification method is developed. A look-up table(LUT) method and a multi-resolution spline(MRS) method are applied to stitch array images real-time and seamlessly.Experiments both in the air and in the water are conducted. Strength and weakness of the LUT and MRS methods are discussed.Based on the results, the effectiveness in surface detection of underwater structures is verified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61205168)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(No.2012BAH91F03)
文摘A method based on the XYZLMS interim connection space is proposed to accurately acquire the multi-spectral images by digital still cameras. The XYZLMS values are firstly predicted from RGB values by polynomial model with local training samples and then spectral reflectance is constructed from XYZLMS values by pseudo-inverse method. An experiment is implemented for multi-spectral image acquisition based on a commercial digital still camera. The results indicate that multi-spectral images can be accurately acquired except the very dark colors.
文摘Aim:The versatile application of perforator free flaps for coverage of any extremity has been well proven.Often,a"freestyle"-like approach is used to design these flaps,as conventional imaging techniques for perforator identification may be too expensive or unavailable.As will be demonstrated,the recent application of a thermal imaging camera using a smartphone is a cheaper and therefore more universal means to better identify the requisite perforators upon which a free flap can be designed and then monitored.Methods:Smartphone thermography can be used on any patient preoperatively to identify preferable perforators or vascular network"hot spots"within the desired donor site territory.Intraoperative management of the choice of perforators and subsequent flap dissection can be similarly facilitated.Intermittent postoperative monitoring based on changes of the thermal image color palette will provide a comparison that can be used to determine if perfusion across the microanastomosis is sustained.Results:An overview of how to use a smartphone in concert with a thermal imaging camera is outlined.Dynamic infrared thermography represents a thermal stress necessary with a smartphone to better identify donor site"hot spots".Conclusion:Smartphone thermography is an inexpensive and expeditious means for identification of"hot spots"that correlate with perforators that would suffice to insure perfusion to a free perforator flap.However,since perforator caliber and course cannot be determined,this should be considered to be only a complementary adjunct for conventional methods.Nevertheless,its simplicity will overall improve the safer design,harvest,and subsequent monitoring of free flaps.
基金partly supported by the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research #17300032
文摘Full-parallax light-field is captured by a small-scale 3D image scanning system and applied to holographic display. A vertical camera array is scanned horizontally to capture full-parallax imagery, and the vertical views between cameras are interpolated by depth image-based rendering technique. An improved technique for depth estimation reduces the estimation error and high-density light-field is obtained. The captured data is employed for the calculation of computer hologram using ray-sampling plane. This technique enables high-resolution display even in deep 3D scene although a hologram is calculated from ray information, and thus it makes use of the important advantage of holographic 3D display.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(Grant Nos.1110510611375144&11275153)
文摘Recently, Sandia Laboratories developed a neutron scatter camera to detect special nuclear materials. This camera exhibits the following advantages: high efficiency, direction discrimination, neutron-gamma discrimination ability, and wide field of view. However, using the direct projection method, the angular resolution of this camera is limited by uncertainties in the energies estimated from pulse height and time of flight measurements. In this study, we established an eight-element neutron scatter camera and conducted the experiment with a ^(252)Cf neutron source. The results show that it has an angular resolution better than 8°(1s) and a detection efficiency of approximately 2.6′10-4. Using maximum likelihood expectation maximization method, the image artifact was eliminated, and the angular resolution was improved. We proposed an average scattering angle method to estimate the scattering energy of neutrons and Compton gamma rays. As such, we can obtain a recognizable image and energy spectrum of the source with some degradation of energy and image resolutions. Finally, a newly measured light response function based on the MPD^(-4) device was used for image reconstruction. Although we did not obtain a better result than that of the standard light response function, we have observed the effects of light response function on image reconstruction.
文摘A novel 2-D cosmic ray position detector has been built and studied. It is integrated from a CsI（Na） crystal pixel array, an optical fiber array, an image intensifier and an ICCD camera. The 2-D positions of one cosmic ray track is determined by the location of a fired CsI（Na） pixel. The scintillation light of these 1.0× 1.0 mm CsI（Na） pixels is delivered to the image intensifier through fibers. The light information is recorded in the ICCD camera in the form of images, from which the 2-D positions can be reconstructed. The background noise and cosmic ray images have been studied. The study shows that the cosmic ray detection efficiency can reach up to 11.4%, while the false accept rate is less than 1%.
基金support from the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of ScotlandPRIN 2022597MBS PHERMIACsupported by the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(Grant Agreement No.819346)。
文摘Optical neural networks(ONNs)are a class of emerging computing platforms that leverage the properties of light to perform ultra-fast computations with ultra-low energy consumption.ONNs often use CCD cameras as the output layer.In this work,we propose the use of perovskite solar cells as a promising alternative to imaging cameras in ONN designs.Solar cells are ubiquitous,versatile,highly customizable,and can be fabricated quickly in laboratories.Their large acquisition area and outstanding efficiency enable them to generate output signals with a large dynamic range without the need for amplification.Here we have experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of using perovskite solar cells for capturing ONN output states,as well as the capability of single-layer random ONNs to achieve excellent performance even with a very limited number of pixels.Our results show that the solar-cell-based ONN setup consistently outperforms the same setup with CCD cameras of the same resolution.These findings highlight the potential of solar-cell-based ONNs as an ideal choice for automated and battery-free edge-computing applications.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB701302)the Youth Fundation Plan of Wuhan (Grant No.200750731253)
文摘The color composite digital mapping camera （DMC） images are produced by the post-processing software of Z/I imaging. But the failure of radiometric correction in post-processing leads to residual radiometric differences between CCD images, which then affect the quality of the images in further applications. This paper, via analyzing the characters and causes of such a phenomenon, proposes a repair approach based on hierarchical location using edge curve. The approach employs a hierarchical strategy to locate the transition area and seam-line automatically and then repair the image through the global reconstruction between CCD images and the local reconstruction in the transition area. Experiments indicate that the approach proposed by this paper is feasible and can improve the quality of images effectively.
