HighlightsA novel conjugative plasmid pHJ90-cfr carrying the multiresistance gene cfr was characterized in Proteus vulgaris.A new IS5-family member,ISPmi4,was identified for the first time.Both plasmids and ICEs were ...HighlightsA novel conjugative plasmid pHJ90-cfr carrying the multiresistance gene cfr was characterized in Proteus vulgaris.A new IS5-family member,ISPmi4,was identified for the first time.Both plasmids and ICEs were vital mobile genetic elements for horizontal transmission of cfr gene in Proteus species.展开更多
Objective Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV) is an emerging pathogen in Europe and North Asia that causes tick-borne encephalitis(TBE). A simple, rapid method for detecting TBEV RNA is needed to control this disease....Objective Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV) is an emerging pathogen in Europe and North Asia that causes tick-borne encephalitis(TBE). A simple, rapid method for detecting TBEV RNA is needed to control this disease. Methods A reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification(RT-RAA) assay was developed. This assay can be completed in one closed tube at 39℃ within 30 minutes. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA were validated using non-infectious synthetic RNA representing a fragment of the NS5 region of the wild-type(WT) TBEV genome and the Senzhang strain. Additionally, 10 batches of tick samples were used to evaluate the performance of the RT-RAA assay. Results The analytical limit of detection of the assay was 20 copies per reaction of the TBEV synthetic transcript and 3 plaque-forming units(pfu) per reaction of TBEV titers. With the specific assay, no signal due to other arboviruses was observed. Of the 10 batches of tick samples obtained from the Changbai Mountains of China, three were TBEV-positive, which was consistent with the results of the quantitative real-time PCR assay. Conclusion A rapid, highly sensitive, specific, and easy-to-use method was developed for the detection of the TBEV Far-Eastern subtype.展开更多
We are associating the solutions of stochastic and deterministic vector borne plant disease model in this manuscript.The dynamics of plant model depends upon threshold number P^(∗).If P^(∗)<1 then condition helpful...We are associating the solutions of stochastic and deterministic vector borne plant disease model in this manuscript.The dynamics of plant model depends upon threshold number P^(∗).If P^(∗)<1 then condition helpful to eradicate the disease in plants while P^(∗)>1 explains the persistence of disease.Inappropriately,standard numerical systems do not behave well in certain scenarios.We have been proposed a structure preserving stochastic non-standard finite difference system to analyze the behavior of model.This system is dynamical consistent,positive and bounded as defined by Mickens.展开更多
An epidemic model is a simplified means of describing the transmission of infectious diseases through individuals. The modeling of infectious diseases is a tool which has been used to study the mechanisms by which dis...An epidemic model is a simplified means of describing the transmission of infectious diseases through individuals. The modeling of infectious diseases is a tool which has been used to study the mechanisms by which diseases spread, to predict the future course of an outbreak and to evaluate strategies to control an epidemic. Epidemic models are of many types. Here, SEIR model is discussed. We first discuss the basics of SEIR model. Then it is applied for vector borne diseases. Steady state conditions are derived. A threshold parameter R0 is defined and is shown that the disease will spread only if its value exceeds 1. We have applied the basic model to one specific diseases-malaria and did the sensitivity analysis too using the data for India. We found sensitivity analysis very important as it told us the most sensitive parameter to be taken care of. This makes the work more of practical use. Numerical simulation is done for vector and host which shows the population dynamics in different compartments.展开更多
Aiming at the potential presence of mixing automatic identification system(AIS) signals,a new demodulation scheme was proposed for separating other interfering signals in satellite systems.The combined iterative cross...Aiming at the potential presence of mixing automatic identification system(AIS) signals,a new demodulation scheme was proposed for separating other interfering signals in satellite systems.The combined iterative cross-correlation demodulation scheme,referred to as CICCD,yielded a set of single short signals based on the prior information of AIS,after the frequency,code rate and modulation index were estimated.It demodulates the corresponding short codes according to the maximum peak of cross-correlation,which is simple and easy to implement.Numerical simulations show that the bit error rate of proposed algorithm improves by about 40% compared with existing ones,and about 3 dB beyond the standard AIS receiver.In addition,the proposed demodulation scheme shows the satisfying performance and engineering value in mixing AIS environment and can also perform well in low signal-to-noise conditions.展开更多
Air borne spores and pollens were collected by using Durham Pollen Sampler from 38 metre building top platform in northern suburb of Beijing and observations were carried out accordingly. Distributed mainly in Marc...Air borne spores and pollens were collected by using Durham Pollen Sampler from 38 metre building top platform in northern suburb of Beijing and observations were carried out accordingly. Distributed mainly in March to October in a year, both the amount and variations of pollens are affected by air temperature and precipitation in addition to that of florescence. The maximum pollen species are found in May, and the maximum pollen amount is found in early June, and then in September. Pollens of herbs predominate, mostly distributing in May to September. Xylophytes have smaller amount of pollens which are found mostly in March to June. The amount of air borne plant pollen and bacterial spores is much higher in hot sunny days than in the cloudy/rainy days. The alternation of hot sunny days with cloudy/rainy days is most favourable for bacterial spores dispersion.展开更多
A dynamic finite element method combined with finite element mixed formula for contact problem is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of gear system. Considering the stiffness excitation, error excitation and ...A dynamic finite element method combined with finite element mixed formula for contact problem is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of gear system. Considering the stiffness excitation, error excitation and meshing shock excitation, the dynamic finite element model is established for the entire gear system which includes gears, shafts, bearings and gearbox housing. By the software of I-DEAS, the natural frequency, normal mode, dynamic time-domain response, frequency-domain response and one-third octave velocity grade structure borne noise of gear system are studied by the method of theoretical modal analysis and dynamic response analysis. The maximum values of vibration and structure borne noise are occurred at the mesh frequency of output grade gearing.展开更多
Large range cell migration is a severe challenge to imaging algorithm for spaceborne SAR. Based on design of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter and Range Doppler (RD) algorithm, a realization of quick-look imaging f...Large range cell migration is a severe challenge to imaging algorithm for spaceborne SAR. Based on design of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter and Range Doppler (RD) algorithm, a realization of quick-look imaging for large range cell migration is proposed. It realized quick-look imaging of 8 times reduced resolution with parallel processing on memory shared 8 CPU SGI server. According to simulation experiment, this quick-look imaging algorithm with parallel processing can image 16384x16384 SAR raw data within 6 seconds. It reaches the requirement of real-time imaging.展开更多
Geographical Information Science (GIS) technologies have been used increasingly for ecology and epidemiology of water-borne diseases, providing approach for animal health issues. This study was set up to investigate t...Geographical Information Science (GIS) technologies have been used increasingly for ecology and epidemiology of water-borne diseases, providing approach for animal health issues. This study was set up to investigate the geographical distribution of Bovine that was affected by Leptospira hardijo, in River Nile state, on October 2012. Locations of targeted cattle were delimited using GPS. Fifty three (53) of blood samples were collected, and screened in the laboratory for Leptospira hardijo specific antibodies using indirect ELISA. 15.09% had evidence of infection as determined by the presence of anti-leptospira antibodies. It was inferred that no incidences were recorded in 45 locations out of the 53 selected locations in the state. Leptospirosis risk area for transmission was mapped using 5 km buffer distance. Animals’ movements routes were mapped with their contacts area and positive samples locations, hafair locations where animals contacts were mapped. This study demonstrated the value of GIS and GPS in disease mapping for animals’ health, and this might help veterinary authorities to implement strategic interventions for animal disease control.展开更多
The rationale behind the use of soil amendments by traditional marginal farmers against soil borne pathogen is an area of interest. The present work ascertain the effect of certain soil amendments against pre emergent...The rationale behind the use of soil amendments by traditional marginal farmers against soil borne pathogen is an area of interest. The present work ascertain the effect of certain soil amendments against pre emergent and post emergent rot of French bean in the agro climatic condition of Manipur, Four soil amendments： cow dung （COD）, sawdust （SD） ＋ paddy husk （PH）, decomposed floating phytomat （DFP） was tried in field conditions in four different combinations. These have been often used by the traditional farmers. A locally available commonly cultivated pole type of French bean has been used for the study. Disease incidences in plots treated with these amendments were then compared with that of control plots where no amendments were made. The plots with a combined treatment of the soil amendments showed maximum seed germination and least post emergent rot against sclerotinia rot. But DFP showed effectiveness against rhizoctonia rot with maximum seed germination while saw dust showed maximum decrease in post emergent rot against rhizoctonia rot. The plots treated with organic soil amendments showed statistically significant positive effect against the pathogens as compared with untreated control plots.展开更多
Introduction: In El Salvador Mosquito Borne Diseases (MBDs) is a serious public health problem due to produce morbidity and mortality. They produce a high economic loss, which contributes to the collapse of the public...Introduction: In El Salvador Mosquito Borne Diseases (MBDs) is a serious public health problem due to produce morbidity and mortality. They produce a high economic loss, which contributes to the collapse of the public health system. Over the years, the Salvadoran public health system has invested large amounts of resources to minimize the problem through campaigns against MBDs. Despite this, the population is still affected by diseases such as dengue, and more recently chikungunya and zika outbreaks. The aim of this study is to evaluate sanitation conditions variables and identify knowledge, attitudes, practices related to the prevention of MBDs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey about sanitation conditions and knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention of MBDs of inhabitant’s ≥ 15 years from an urban community of a municipality with the highest number of cases reported in 2015. Results: Majority of respondents (98.2%) had direct supply of drinking water;however 96.4% of respondents were agreed that they had an inconsistent water supply. Regarding MBDs prevention respondents showed high acceptable knowledge (76.8%), high favorable attitude (92.1%) and an acceptable implementation of practices toward prevention reproduction of mosquitoes (58.5%) and a poor implementation of practices to prevent mosquito bites (38.3%). Conclusions: The findings revealed high acceptable knowledge about MBDs and a high favorable attitude regarding to prevent them, but also revealed a scarce implementation of prevention practices. The generalized storage of water on non-covered barrels because the inconsistent water supplies, can be source of proliferation of mosquitoes and therefore increases the risk of transmission of MBDs. High population density of the community can magnify this risk. It is necessary to enhance education to promote better implementation of practices using the most common media together with the local health workers.展开更多
<i>Terminalia</i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">brownii</span></i><span style="font-family:...<i>Terminalia</i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">brownii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is an indigenous tree species highly valued in the Kenyan drylands for its products such as timber for wood curving, medicine, and charcoal production, among others. Due to this high value followed by overutilization, its population in the drylands is dwindling. Concern about the species</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> low regeneration as shown by low germination has been raised. This research was conducted on the seed borne fungal organisms that are associating with the germination of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">his species. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">brownii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> seeds were collected from cluster patches of the species in Kendu Bay, Kimose and Ndumoni in Homabay, Baringo and Kitui counties of Kenya respectively. The seeds were harvested for fruit probing for maturity confirmation. Random sampling was used in selecting thirty trees, 50 meters apart, from which fresh fruits were uniformly collected from the crowns. The research adopted a complete block experimental design where one hundred seeds each from the three sites, were subjected to a germination test, seed borne fungal organisms’ presence, identified organisms cultured and DNA and DNA sequencing carried out for identification. Fungal organisms associated with germination success of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">brownii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>equiseti</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pestalotia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sp</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Alternaria</span></i><span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alternata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Paired t test run between germinants versus the number of sown seed</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gave N = 12, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">value of 0.000, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 16.29. On the other hand, paired t test run between fungal infected seeds with the number of germinants gave N = 12, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-0.000, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><img src="Edit_42285767-8745-436e-bf32-2e3ac13cabb0.png" alt="" /></span>8.78. Fungi associated with germinants included </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Penicillium</span></i><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sp, and the data analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test run showed significant difference at a p value of 0.000. Identified organisms associating with non</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">germination and germination success on the other hand were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Fungal organisms associating with germination success of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">brownii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> significantly affect germination of freshly extracted seeds from the field, hence</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for maximum germination achievement, seeds should be sown while still fresh.</span>展开更多
Tick-borne diseases(TBDs)pose a substantial threat to global public health,including China.This article systematically reviews the epidemiology of TBDs in Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2023.We retrieved and analyz...Tick-borne diseases(TBDs)pose a substantial threat to global public health,including China.This article systematically reviews the epidemiology of TBDs in Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2023.We retrieved and analyzed the incidence and distribution of notable bacterial,viral,and parasitic TBDs in China,and discussed their clinical characteristics,diagnostic approaches,and vectors.Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is the leading TBD in China,with cases rapidly increasing since its first report in 2009,and a high case fatality rate of 5%–33%in patients with severe disease.Other TBDs reported in China include spotted fever group rickettsiosis,human granulocytic anaplasmosis,Lyme borreliosis,babesiosis,and tick-borne encephalitis.Infections with emerging tick-borne pathogens,such as Yezo virus and Beiji nairovirus,have appeared very recently.Although evidence of human infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus,Francisella tularensis,and Bartonella is currently unavailable,continuous monitoring of these pathogens remains necessary.This study enhances our understanding of TBDs,provides guidance for public health decisionmaking regarding important bacterial,viral,and parasitic TBDs,and offers new opportunities for TBD research in China.展开更多
Present review article explains tick-borne diseases,transmission,host immune responses,diagnosis and control in relation to climatic variations.Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites which suck large volumes of blood f...Present review article explains tick-borne diseases,transmission,host immune responses,diagnosis and control in relation to climatic variations.Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites which suck large volumes of blood from livestock and humans.They release large numbers of protozoans,bacteria,rickettsia and viral pathogens during blood feeding and transmit disease pathogens through saliva.Due to heavy blood sucking by ticks animals face significant blood and weight loss that affect their overall health.Due to more severe illness,high economic losses were noted in livestock.This article highlights medically important tick borne diseases in man and livestock,its pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment methods.The present article emphasizes invasion of hosts,host-pathogen interactions,tick saliva toxin induced host immune responses and biological effects.This article highlighted various tick control methods i.e.physical killing,acaricidal,biological,hormonal,genetic and immunological methods such as administration of protective antibody and vaccines for disease control in human being and his livestock.The authors suggest non-chemical environmentally safe methods for successful control of tick borne diseases to kill cattle,bird and canine invading ticks.展开更多
Ticks function as critical vectors for a wide range of pathogens that pose significant risks to both human and animal health.In recent years,the number and diversity of tick-borne pathogens have increased at an unprec...Ticks function as critical vectors for a wide range of pathogens that pose significant risks to both human and animal health.In recent years,the number and diversity of tick-borne pathogens have increased at an unprecedented rate,elevating tick-borne diseases(TBDs)to a major public health concern on a global scale.TBDs present a dual challenge,not only affecting human populations but also causing substantial economic losses in livestock industries across the world.The geographic distribution of many TBDs is shifting,with emerging,re-emerging,and resurging cases influenced by environmental factors such as deforestation and climate change.In China,rapid urbanization and concurrent improvements in urban ecological conditions have contributed to the expansion of tick habitats and increased human exposure to tick populations.Recent research warns that ticks and their associated pathogens present significant risks in urban environments,particularly in locations such as parks,playgrounds,and zoos.Despite these threats,public awareness of tick-borne diseases remains critically low.This review consolidates current knowledge on tick species and tick-borne pathogens found in urban parks and proposes strategic control measures to inform effective tick management policies both in China and globally.展开更多
Objective To study the implementation progress of the prevention and control measures for drinking waterborne endemic fluorosis and the changing trend of fluorosis conditions in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,compre...Objective To study the implementation progress of the prevention and control measures for drinking waterborne endemic fluorosis and the changing trend of fluorosis conditions in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures,and provide a basis for the next step of prevention and control of the disease.展开更多
Introduction:Vector-borne diseases(VBDs)represent a significant category of infectious diseases.Analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of VBDs in China,including their temporal and spatial distributions,provide...Introduction:Vector-borne diseases(VBDs)represent a significant category of infectious diseases.Analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of VBDs in China,including their temporal and spatial distributions,provides essential evidence for developing effective prevention and control strategies.Methods:Data for 14 types of VBDs from 2005 to 2024 were obtained from the China National Infectious Disease Surveillance System.These diseases were categorized as mosquito-borne,tick-borne,rodent-borne,and other VBDs.Using the Mann-Kendall trend test,we analyzed demographic characteristics,spatial distribution,temporal trends,and seasonal patterns of notified cases over the 20-year period.Results:From 2005 to 2024,a total of 1,129,736 VBD cases were reported in China.Scrub typhus(28.17%),malaria(20.8%),hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS,18.4%),dengue(12.61%),and schistosomiasis(8.42%)collectively accounted for 88.4%of all cases.Over a 20-year period,mosquitoborne and rodent-borne diseases indicated significant declining trends(P<0.05),while tick-borne and other VBDs demonstrated significant increasing trends(P<0.05).Dengue,scrub typhus,and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)expanded geographically,with annual increases of 10.89,12.37,and 7.07 reporting cities,respectively.Although diseases such as plague,malaria,and schistosomiasis have been effectively controlled,the incidence of scrub typhus,dengue,HFRS,and SFTS has remained high in recent years.Conclusions:The burden of VBDs in China remains substantial,with an increasing trend observed over the past 5 years.The rising incidence and geographic expansion of scrub typhus,dengue,and SFTS warrant particular attention from public health authorities.展开更多
Objective To understand the occurrence of cognitive impairment among residents in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis(drinking water-borne fluorosis)areas,and to study its influencing factors.Methods In March 2023,...Objective To understand the occurrence of cognitive impairment among residents in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis(drinking water-borne fluorosis)areas,and to study its influencing factors.Methods In March 2023,a cluster sampling method was used to select local residents aged 18 and above from the drinking water-borne fluorosis areas in Jishan County,Shanxi Province as survey subjects.展开更多
The gravitational memory effect manifests gravitational nonlinearity,degenerate vacua,and asymptotic symmetries;its detection is considered challenging.We propose using a space-borne interferometer to detect memory si...The gravitational memory effect manifests gravitational nonlinearity,degenerate vacua,and asymptotic symmetries;its detection is considered challenging.We propose using a space-borne interferometer to detect memory signals from stellar-mass binary black holes(BBHs),typically targeted by ground-based detectors.We use DECIGO detector as an example.Over 5 years,DECIGO is estimated to detect approximately 2,036 memory signals(SNRs>3)from stellar-mass BBHs.Simulations used frequency-domain memory waveforms for direct SNR estimation.Predictions utilized a GWTC-3 constrained BBH population model(Power law+Peak mass,DEFAULT spin,Madau-Dickinson merger rate).The analysis used conservative lower merger rate limits and considered orbital eccentricity.The high detection rate stems from strong memory signals within DECIGO’s bandwidth and the abundance of stellar-mass BBHs.This substantial and conservative detection count enables statistical use of the memory effect for fundamental physics and astrophysics.DECIGO exemplifies that space interferometers may better detect memory signals from smaller mass binaries than their typical targets.Detectors in lower frequency bands are expected to find strong memory signals from∼10^(4)M⊙binaries.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0710505)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(1610302022001)。
文摘HighlightsA novel conjugative plasmid pHJ90-cfr carrying the multiresistance gene cfr was characterized in Proteus vulgaris.A new IS5-family member,ISPmi4,was identified for the first time.Both plasmids and ICEs were vital mobile genetic elements for horizontal transmission of cfr gene in Proteus species.
基金supported by the National key research and development project [2017YFC1200505]the National Science and Technology Major Project of China [2018ZX10711001,2018ZX10101-002]the Development Grant of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control [2015SKLID505,2014SKLID103]
文摘Objective Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV) is an emerging pathogen in Europe and North Asia that causes tick-borne encephalitis(TBE). A simple, rapid method for detecting TBEV RNA is needed to control this disease. Methods A reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification(RT-RAA) assay was developed. This assay can be completed in one closed tube at 39℃ within 30 minutes. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA were validated using non-infectious synthetic RNA representing a fragment of the NS5 region of the wild-type(WT) TBEV genome and the Senzhang strain. Additionally, 10 batches of tick samples were used to evaluate the performance of the RT-RAA assay. Results The analytical limit of detection of the assay was 20 copies per reaction of the TBEV synthetic transcript and 3 plaque-forming units(pfu) per reaction of TBEV titers. With the specific assay, no signal due to other arboviruses was observed. Of the 10 batches of tick samples obtained from the Changbai Mountains of China, three were TBEV-positive, which was consistent with the results of the quantitative real-time PCR assay. Conclusion A rapid, highly sensitive, specific, and easy-to-use method was developed for the detection of the TBEV Far-Eastern subtype.
基金The first author thanks Prince Sultan University for supporting this paper through the research group Nonlinear Analysis Methods in Applied Mathematics(NAMAM),group number RG-DES-2017-01-17.
文摘We are associating the solutions of stochastic and deterministic vector borne plant disease model in this manuscript.The dynamics of plant model depends upon threshold number P^(∗).If P^(∗)<1 then condition helpful to eradicate the disease in plants while P^(∗)>1 explains the persistence of disease.Inappropriately,standard numerical systems do not behave well in certain scenarios.We have been proposed a structure preserving stochastic non-standard finite difference system to analyze the behavior of model.This system is dynamical consistent,positive and bounded as defined by Mickens.
文摘An epidemic model is a simplified means of describing the transmission of infectious diseases through individuals. The modeling of infectious diseases is a tool which has been used to study the mechanisms by which diseases spread, to predict the future course of an outbreak and to evaluate strategies to control an epidemic. Epidemic models are of many types. Here, SEIR model is discussed. We first discuss the basics of SEIR model. Then it is applied for vector borne diseases. Steady state conditions are derived. A threshold parameter R0 is defined and is shown that the disease will spread only if its value exceeds 1. We have applied the basic model to one specific diseases-malaria and did the sensitivity analysis too using the data for India. We found sensitivity analysis very important as it told us the most sensitive parameter to be taken care of. This makes the work more of practical use. Numerical simulation is done for vector and host which shows the population dynamics in different compartments.
基金Project(9140C860304) supported by the National Defense Key Laboratory Foundation of China
文摘Aiming at the potential presence of mixing automatic identification system(AIS) signals,a new demodulation scheme was proposed for separating other interfering signals in satellite systems.The combined iterative cross-correlation demodulation scheme,referred to as CICCD,yielded a set of single short signals based on the prior information of AIS,after the frequency,code rate and modulation index were estimated.It demodulates the corresponding short codes according to the maximum peak of cross-correlation,which is simple and easy to implement.Numerical simulations show that the bit error rate of proposed algorithm improves by about 40% compared with existing ones,and about 3 dB beyond the standard AIS receiver.In addition,the proposed demodulation scheme shows the satisfying performance and engineering value in mixing AIS environment and can also perform well in low signal-to-noise conditions.
文摘Air borne spores and pollens were collected by using Durham Pollen Sampler from 38 metre building top platform in northern suburb of Beijing and observations were carried out accordingly. Distributed mainly in March to October in a year, both the amount and variations of pollens are affected by air temperature and precipitation in addition to that of florescence. The maximum pollen species are found in May, and the maximum pollen amount is found in early June, and then in September. Pollens of herbs predominate, mostly distributing in May to September. Xylophytes have smaller amount of pollens which are found mostly in March to June. The amount of air borne plant pollen and bacterial spores is much higher in hot sunny days than in the cloudy/rainy days. The alternation of hot sunny days with cloudy/rainy days is most favourable for bacterial spores dispersion.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50675232)the Natural Science Foundation of CQ CSTC (2006BB3008)
文摘A dynamic finite element method combined with finite element mixed formula for contact problem is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of gear system. Considering the stiffness excitation, error excitation and meshing shock excitation, the dynamic finite element model is established for the entire gear system which includes gears, shafts, bearings and gearbox housing. By the software of I-DEAS, the natural frequency, normal mode, dynamic time-domain response, frequency-domain response and one-third octave velocity grade structure borne noise of gear system are studied by the method of theoretical modal analysis and dynamic response analysis. The maximum values of vibration and structure borne noise are occurred at the mesh frequency of output grade gearing.
文摘Large range cell migration is a severe challenge to imaging algorithm for spaceborne SAR. Based on design of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter and Range Doppler (RD) algorithm, a realization of quick-look imaging for large range cell migration is proposed. It realized quick-look imaging of 8 times reduced resolution with parallel processing on memory shared 8 CPU SGI server. According to simulation experiment, this quick-look imaging algorithm with parallel processing can image 16384x16384 SAR raw data within 6 seconds. It reaches the requirement of real-time imaging.
文摘Geographical Information Science (GIS) technologies have been used increasingly for ecology and epidemiology of water-borne diseases, providing approach for animal health issues. This study was set up to investigate the geographical distribution of Bovine that was affected by Leptospira hardijo, in River Nile state, on October 2012. Locations of targeted cattle were delimited using GPS. Fifty three (53) of blood samples were collected, and screened in the laboratory for Leptospira hardijo specific antibodies using indirect ELISA. 15.09% had evidence of infection as determined by the presence of anti-leptospira antibodies. It was inferred that no incidences were recorded in 45 locations out of the 53 selected locations in the state. Leptospirosis risk area for transmission was mapped using 5 km buffer distance. Animals’ movements routes were mapped with their contacts area and positive samples locations, hafair locations where animals contacts were mapped. This study demonstrated the value of GIS and GPS in disease mapping for animals’ health, and this might help veterinary authorities to implement strategic interventions for animal disease control.
文摘The rationale behind the use of soil amendments by traditional marginal farmers against soil borne pathogen is an area of interest. The present work ascertain the effect of certain soil amendments against pre emergent and post emergent rot of French bean in the agro climatic condition of Manipur, Four soil amendments： cow dung （COD）, sawdust （SD） ＋ paddy husk （PH）, decomposed floating phytomat （DFP） was tried in field conditions in four different combinations. These have been often used by the traditional farmers. A locally available commonly cultivated pole type of French bean has been used for the study. Disease incidences in plots treated with these amendments were then compared with that of control plots where no amendments were made. The plots with a combined treatment of the soil amendments showed maximum seed germination and least post emergent rot against sclerotinia rot. But DFP showed effectiveness against rhizoctonia rot with maximum seed germination while saw dust showed maximum decrease in post emergent rot against rhizoctonia rot. The plots treated with organic soil amendments showed statistically significant positive effect against the pathogens as compared with untreated control plots.
文摘Introduction: In El Salvador Mosquito Borne Diseases (MBDs) is a serious public health problem due to produce morbidity and mortality. They produce a high economic loss, which contributes to the collapse of the public health system. Over the years, the Salvadoran public health system has invested large amounts of resources to minimize the problem through campaigns against MBDs. Despite this, the population is still affected by diseases such as dengue, and more recently chikungunya and zika outbreaks. The aim of this study is to evaluate sanitation conditions variables and identify knowledge, attitudes, practices related to the prevention of MBDs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey about sanitation conditions and knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention of MBDs of inhabitant’s ≥ 15 years from an urban community of a municipality with the highest number of cases reported in 2015. Results: Majority of respondents (98.2%) had direct supply of drinking water;however 96.4% of respondents were agreed that they had an inconsistent water supply. Regarding MBDs prevention respondents showed high acceptable knowledge (76.8%), high favorable attitude (92.1%) and an acceptable implementation of practices toward prevention reproduction of mosquitoes (58.5%) and a poor implementation of practices to prevent mosquito bites (38.3%). Conclusions: The findings revealed high acceptable knowledge about MBDs and a high favorable attitude regarding to prevent them, but also revealed a scarce implementation of prevention practices. The generalized storage of water on non-covered barrels because the inconsistent water supplies, can be source of proliferation of mosquitoes and therefore increases the risk of transmission of MBDs. High population density of the community can magnify this risk. It is necessary to enhance education to promote better implementation of practices using the most common media together with the local health workers.
文摘<i>Terminalia</i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">brownii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is an indigenous tree species highly valued in the Kenyan drylands for its products such as timber for wood curving, medicine, and charcoal production, among others. Due to this high value followed by overutilization, its population in the drylands is dwindling. Concern about the species</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> low regeneration as shown by low germination has been raised. This research was conducted on the seed borne fungal organisms that are associating with the germination of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">his species. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">brownii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> seeds were collected from cluster patches of the species in Kendu Bay, Kimose and Ndumoni in Homabay, Baringo and Kitui counties of Kenya respectively. The seeds were harvested for fruit probing for maturity confirmation. Random sampling was used in selecting thirty trees, 50 meters apart, from which fresh fruits were uniformly collected from the crowns. The research adopted a complete block experimental design where one hundred seeds each from the three sites, were subjected to a germination test, seed borne fungal organisms’ presence, identified organisms cultured and DNA and DNA sequencing carried out for identification. Fungal organisms associated with germination success of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">brownii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fusarium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>equiseti</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pestalotia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sp</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Alternaria</span></i><span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alternata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Paired t test run between germinants versus the number of sown seed</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gave N = 12, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">value of 0.000, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 16.29. On the other hand, paired t test run between fungal infected seeds with the number of germinants gave N = 12, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-0.000, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = <span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><img src="Edit_42285767-8745-436e-bf32-2e3ac13cabb0.png" alt="" /></span>8.78. Fungi associated with germinants included </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Penicillium</span></i><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sp, and the data analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test run showed significant difference at a p value of 0.000. Identified organisms associating with non</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">germination and germination success on the other hand were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Fungal organisms associating with germination success of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">T</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">brownii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> significantly affect germination of freshly extracted seeds from the field, hence</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for maximum germination achievement, seeds should be sown while still fresh.</span>
文摘Tick-borne diseases(TBDs)pose a substantial threat to global public health,including China.This article systematically reviews the epidemiology of TBDs in Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2023.We retrieved and analyzed the incidence and distribution of notable bacterial,viral,and parasitic TBDs in China,and discussed their clinical characteristics,diagnostic approaches,and vectors.Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is the leading TBD in China,with cases rapidly increasing since its first report in 2009,and a high case fatality rate of 5%–33%in patients with severe disease.Other TBDs reported in China include spotted fever group rickettsiosis,human granulocytic anaplasmosis,Lyme borreliosis,babesiosis,and tick-borne encephalitis.Infections with emerging tick-borne pathogens,such as Yezo virus and Beiji nairovirus,have appeared very recently.Although evidence of human infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus,Francisella tularensis,and Bartonella is currently unavailable,continuous monitoring of these pathogens remains necessary.This study enhances our understanding of TBDs,provides guidance for public health decisionmaking regarding important bacterial,viral,and parasitic TBDs,and offers new opportunities for TBD research in China.
文摘Present review article explains tick-borne diseases,transmission,host immune responses,diagnosis and control in relation to climatic variations.Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites which suck large volumes of blood from livestock and humans.They release large numbers of protozoans,bacteria,rickettsia and viral pathogens during blood feeding and transmit disease pathogens through saliva.Due to heavy blood sucking by ticks animals face significant blood and weight loss that affect their overall health.Due to more severe illness,high economic losses were noted in livestock.This article highlights medically important tick borne diseases in man and livestock,its pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment methods.The present article emphasizes invasion of hosts,host-pathogen interactions,tick saliva toxin induced host immune responses and biological effects.This article highlighted various tick control methods i.e.physical killing,acaricidal,biological,hormonal,genetic and immunological methods such as administration of protective antibody and vaccines for disease control in human being and his livestock.The authors suggest non-chemical environmentally safe methods for successful control of tick borne diseases to kill cattle,bird and canine invading ticks.
基金Supported by the Clinical Research Special Project in Health Profession of Shanghai(202240331)The Sixth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai(No.GWⅥ-11.1-13).
文摘Ticks function as critical vectors for a wide range of pathogens that pose significant risks to both human and animal health.In recent years,the number and diversity of tick-borne pathogens have increased at an unprecedented rate,elevating tick-borne diseases(TBDs)to a major public health concern on a global scale.TBDs present a dual challenge,not only affecting human populations but also causing substantial economic losses in livestock industries across the world.The geographic distribution of many TBDs is shifting,with emerging,re-emerging,and resurging cases influenced by environmental factors such as deforestation and climate change.In China,rapid urbanization and concurrent improvements in urban ecological conditions have contributed to the expansion of tick habitats and increased human exposure to tick populations.Recent research warns that ticks and their associated pathogens present significant risks in urban environments,particularly in locations such as parks,playgrounds,and zoos.Despite these threats,public awareness of tick-borne diseases remains critically low.This review consolidates current knowledge on tick species and tick-borne pathogens found in urban parks and proposes strategic control measures to inform effective tick management policies both in China and globally.
文摘Objective To study the implementation progress of the prevention and control measures for drinking waterborne endemic fluorosis and the changing trend of fluorosis conditions in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures,and provide a basis for the next step of prevention and control of the disease.
基金Supported by the consultancy project(2023-JB-12)from the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(GRANT32090023).
文摘Introduction:Vector-borne diseases(VBDs)represent a significant category of infectious diseases.Analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of VBDs in China,including their temporal and spatial distributions,provides essential evidence for developing effective prevention and control strategies.Methods:Data for 14 types of VBDs from 2005 to 2024 were obtained from the China National Infectious Disease Surveillance System.These diseases were categorized as mosquito-borne,tick-borne,rodent-borne,and other VBDs.Using the Mann-Kendall trend test,we analyzed demographic characteristics,spatial distribution,temporal trends,and seasonal patterns of notified cases over the 20-year period.Results:From 2005 to 2024,a total of 1,129,736 VBD cases were reported in China.Scrub typhus(28.17%),malaria(20.8%),hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS,18.4%),dengue(12.61%),and schistosomiasis(8.42%)collectively accounted for 88.4%of all cases.Over a 20-year period,mosquitoborne and rodent-borne diseases indicated significant declining trends(P<0.05),while tick-borne and other VBDs demonstrated significant increasing trends(P<0.05).Dengue,scrub typhus,and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)expanded geographically,with annual increases of 10.89,12.37,and 7.07 reporting cities,respectively.Although diseases such as plague,malaria,and schistosomiasis have been effectively controlled,the incidence of scrub typhus,dengue,HFRS,and SFTS has remained high in recent years.Conclusions:The burden of VBDs in China remains substantial,with an increasing trend observed over the past 5 years.The rising incidence and geographic expansion of scrub typhus,dengue,and SFTS warrant particular attention from public health authorities.
文摘Objective To understand the occurrence of cognitive impairment among residents in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis(drinking water-borne fluorosis)areas,and to study its influencing factors.Methods In March 2023,a cluster sampling method was used to select local residents aged 18 and above from the drinking water-borne fluorosis areas in Jishan County,Shanxi Province as survey subjects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11633001,11920101003,and 12205222 for S.H.)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12433001)+1 种基金the Strate-gic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23000000)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2203001 for Z.C.Z.).
文摘The gravitational memory effect manifests gravitational nonlinearity,degenerate vacua,and asymptotic symmetries;its detection is considered challenging.We propose using a space-borne interferometer to detect memory signals from stellar-mass binary black holes(BBHs),typically targeted by ground-based detectors.We use DECIGO detector as an example.Over 5 years,DECIGO is estimated to detect approximately 2,036 memory signals(SNRs>3)from stellar-mass BBHs.Simulations used frequency-domain memory waveforms for direct SNR estimation.Predictions utilized a GWTC-3 constrained BBH population model(Power law+Peak mass,DEFAULT spin,Madau-Dickinson merger rate).The analysis used conservative lower merger rate limits and considered orbital eccentricity.The high detection rate stems from strong memory signals within DECIGO’s bandwidth and the abundance of stellar-mass BBHs.This substantial and conservative detection count enables statistical use of the memory effect for fundamental physics and astrophysics.DECIGO exemplifies that space interferometers may better detect memory signals from smaller mass binaries than their typical targets.Detectors in lower frequency bands are expected to find strong memory signals from∼10^(4)M⊙binaries.
