In order to achieve ultra-low emissions of SO_(2)and NO_(x),the oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection is presented as a promising novel process.The CO_(2)emission was examined,and a cost analysis of t...In order to achieve ultra-low emissions of SO_(2)and NO_(x),the oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection is presented as a promising novel process.The CO_(2)emission was examined,and a cost analysis of the process was conducted.The results show that in the cases when the top gas is not circulated(Cases 1–3),and the volume of injected sintering flue gas per ton of hot metal is below about 1250 m^(3),the total CO_(2)emissions decrease first and then increase as the oxygen content of the blast increases.When the volume of injected sintering flue gas per ton of hot metal exceeds approximately 1250 m^(3),the total CO_(2)emissions gradually decrease.When the recirculating top gas and the vacuum pressure swing adsorption are considered,the benefits of recovered gas can make the ironmaking cost close to or even lower than that of the ordinary blast furnace.Furthermore,the implementation of this approach leads to a substantial reduction in total CO_(2)emissions,with reductions of 69.13%(Case 4),70.60%(Case 5),and 71.07%(Case 6),respectively.By integrating previous research and current findings,the reasonable oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection can not only realize desulfurization and denitrification,but also achieve the goal of reducing CO_(2)emissions and ironmaking cost.展开更多
The behaviors of mixed burden in the cohesive zone of oxygen blast furnace were studied by softening and melting tests, and the influence of reducing gas and burden basicity on the softening and melting behaviors of m...The behaviors of mixed burden in the cohesive zone of oxygen blast furnace were studied by softening and melting tests, and the influence of reducing gas and burden basicity on the softening and melting behaviors of mixed burden was also investigated. The results indicated that the softening range became wide, however, the melting range narrowed sharply in the atmosphere of oxygen blast furnace. The permeability of burden in the oxygen blast furnace was obviously improved comparing with the conventional blast furnace. In addition, the content of sulphur in the dripping iron of oxygen blast furnace was much lower than that of conventional blast furnace, however, the content of carbon increased. An optimum basicity of burden, which could lead to the appearance of the narrower melting range and better permeability of burden, was obtained in the atmosphere of oxygen blast furnace.展开更多
In order to explore the behavior laws of sinter reduction in TGR-OBF ( top gas recycling-oxygen blast furnace ), reduction experiments of sinter have been conducted by thermal balance mass loss method with different a...In order to explore the behavior laws of sinter reduction in TGR-OBF ( top gas recycling-oxygen blast furnace ), reduction experiments of sinter have been conducted by thermal balance mass loss method with different atmospheres , temperatures and volume flows.The changes of RI ( reduction degree of Fe 2 O 3 ), RI′ ( reduction rate of Fe 2 O 3 ) and r ( reduction degree of FeO ) have been examined.The results show that the reduction of sinter was significantly improved under TGR-OBF atmosphere , and the RIand r were measured up to 98.2%and 97.8%at 900℃ respectively.With increasing of the reduction temperature , the reduction of sinter speeded up greatly , and the reduction time-duration shortened from 117min at 900 ℃ to 63min at 1 100 ℃.Moreover , the reduction of sinter enhanced with increasing of the reductive gas flow.When the flow increased from 10to 15L / min , the initial reduction rate of sinter increased from 2.47% / min to 3.73% / min.While increasing H2and CO contents in the reductive atmosphere , the reduction of sinter was promoted.Besides , H 2 influenced more evidently than CO to the reduction of sinter , especially in the later stage of the reduction process , for instance , the reduction of wustite will be improved enormously when increasing the H2content in the reductive atmosphere.展开更多
The softening and melting behavior of sinter, pellet and mixed burden was researched through high tem- perature reaction tests under load simulating traditional blast furnace （T-BF） and oxygen blast furnace （OBF） ...The softening and melting behavior of sinter, pellet and mixed burden was researched through high tem- perature reaction tests under load simulating traditional blast furnace （T-BF） and oxygen blast furnace （OBF） condi- tions. The results indicated that compared with T-BF, the softening zone of sinter and pellet became wide, but the melting zone became narrow in OBF. The permeabilities of both sinter and pellet were improved in OBF. Under the condition of OBF, the temperature of softening zone of mixed burden was increased by 63 K, but the temperature of melting zone was decreased by 76 K. Therefore, the permeability of material layer was significantly improved. This was mainly caused by the change of the melting behavior of pellet. In addition, the quality Of dripping iron in OBF was much better than that of T-BF.展开更多
The reduction behavior of pellet was researched through the programming apparatus under simulated con- ditions of oxygen blast furnace （OBF） and traditional blast furnace （T-BF）. The results indicated that compare...The reduction behavior of pellet was researched through the programming apparatus under simulated con- ditions of oxygen blast furnace （OBF） and traditional blast furnace （T-BF）. The results indicated that compared with traditional blast furnace, the reduction starting temperature of pellet decreased by 60 ℃ under oxygen blast furnace condition. The reduction degree of pellet could almost reach 100% under oxygen blast furnace condition when the temperature reached 1100 ℃, whereas it was only 82.49% in traditional blast furnace. The content of carbon in pel- let of oxygen blast furnace was about 5 times more than that of traditional blast furnace. In addition, the microstruc- ture at the periphery and core of pellets after reaction was characterized by means of SEM and EDS.展开更多
Top gas recycling oxygen blast furnace（TGR-OBF）process is a promising ironmaking process.The biggest challenge of the TGR-OBF in operation is the dramatic decrease of top gas volume（per ton hot metal）,which once l...Top gas recycling oxygen blast furnace（TGR-OBF）process is a promising ironmaking process.The biggest challenge of the TGR-OBF in operation is the dramatic decrease of top gas volume（per ton hot metal）,which once led to hanging-up and shutdowns in practice of the Toulachermet.In order to avoid this weakness,the strategy of medium oxygen blast furnace was presented.The maneuverable zone of the TGR-OBF was determined by the top gas volume,which should not be far from the data of the traditional blast furnace.The deviation of ±12.5% was used,and then the maneuverable blast oxygen content is from 0.30 to 0.47 according to the calculation.The flame temperature and the top gas volume have no much difference compared to those of the traditional blast furnace.The minimum carbon consumption of 357 kg per ton hot metal in the maneuverable zone occurs at the oxygen content of 0.30（fuel saving of 14%）.In the unsteady evolution,the N2 accumulation could approach nearly zero after the recycling reached 6 times.Thus far,some TGR-OBF industrial trials have been carried out in different countries,but the method of medium oxygen enriched TGR-OBF has not been implemented,because the accumulation of N2 was worried about.The presented strategy of medium oxygen enriched TGR-OBF is applicable and the strategy with good operational performance is strongly suggested as a forerunner of the full oxygen blast furnace.展开更多
The effects of gas composition, temperature, ore to coke ratio and prereduction rate of ore on coke degradation were studied. The results showed that 1% increment in solution loss of coke reduces coke strength by 0.6%...The effects of gas composition, temperature, ore to coke ratio and prereduction rate of ore on coke degradation were studied. The results showed that 1% increment in solution loss of coke reduces coke strength by 0.6%, and the coke degradation is accelerated with the temperature. The higher the temperature, the more coke surface is involved in reactions, and the less negative effect on coke strength is. Hydrogen exerts stronger effect on coke degradation than CO at high temperature. The coke degradation is decreased with the reduction of ore to coke ratio and increase of ore prereduction rate.展开更多
基金the financial supports from Hubei Provincial Key Technologies Research and Development Program(2022BCA058)China Scholarship Council(201908420169)the European Project“Towards Fossil-free Steel”.
文摘In order to achieve ultra-low emissions of SO_(2)and NO_(x),the oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection is presented as a promising novel process.The CO_(2)emission was examined,and a cost analysis of the process was conducted.The results show that in the cases when the top gas is not circulated(Cases 1–3),and the volume of injected sintering flue gas per ton of hot metal is below about 1250 m^(3),the total CO_(2)emissions decrease first and then increase as the oxygen content of the blast increases.When the volume of injected sintering flue gas per ton of hot metal exceeds approximately 1250 m^(3),the total CO_(2)emissions gradually decrease.When the recirculating top gas and the vacuum pressure swing adsorption are considered,the benefits of recovered gas can make the ironmaking cost close to or even lower than that of the ordinary blast furnace.Furthermore,the implementation of this approach leads to a substantial reduction in total CO_(2)emissions,with reductions of 69.13%(Case 4),70.60%(Case 5),and 71.07%(Case 6),respectively.By integrating previous research and current findings,the reasonable oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection can not only realize desulfurization and denitrification,but also achieve the goal of reducing CO_(2)emissions and ironmaking cost.
基金Sponsored by National Basic Research Program(973Program) of China(2012CB720401)National Key Technology Research and Development Program in 12th Five-Year Plan of China(2011BAC01B02)
文摘The behaviors of mixed burden in the cohesive zone of oxygen blast furnace were studied by softening and melting tests, and the influence of reducing gas and burden basicity on the softening and melting behaviors of mixed burden was also investigated. The results indicated that the softening range became wide, however, the melting range narrowed sharply in the atmosphere of oxygen blast furnace. The permeability of burden in the oxygen blast furnace was obviously improved comparing with the conventional blast furnace. In addition, the content of sulphur in the dripping iron of oxygen blast furnace was much lower than that of conventional blast furnace, however, the content of carbon increased. An optimum basicity of burden, which could lead to the appearance of the narrower melting range and better permeability of burden, was obtained in the atmosphere of oxygen blast furnace.
基金Item Sponsored by National Basic Research Program of China ( 973Program )( 2012CB720401)National Key Technology Research and Development Program in 12th Five-Year Plan of China ( 2011BAC01B02)
文摘In order to explore the behavior laws of sinter reduction in TGR-OBF ( top gas recycling-oxygen blast furnace ), reduction experiments of sinter have been conducted by thermal balance mass loss method with different atmospheres , temperatures and volume flows.The changes of RI ( reduction degree of Fe 2 O 3 ), RI′ ( reduction rate of Fe 2 O 3 ) and r ( reduction degree of FeO ) have been examined.The results show that the reduction of sinter was significantly improved under TGR-OBF atmosphere , and the RIand r were measured up to 98.2%and 97.8%at 900℃ respectively.With increasing of the reduction temperature , the reduction of sinter speeded up greatly , and the reduction time-duration shortened from 117min at 900 ℃ to 63min at 1 100 ℃.Moreover , the reduction of sinter enhanced with increasing of the reductive gas flow.When the flow increased from 10to 15L / min , the initial reduction rate of sinter increased from 2.47% / min to 3.73% / min.While increasing H2and CO contents in the reductive atmosphere , the reduction of sinter was promoted.Besides , H 2 influenced more evidently than CO to the reduction of sinter , especially in the later stage of the reduction process , for instance , the reduction of wustite will be improved enormously when increasing the H2content in the reductive atmosphere.
基金Item Sponsored by National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB720401)National Natural Science Foundation of China and Baosteel(51134008)
文摘The softening and melting behavior of sinter, pellet and mixed burden was researched through high tem- perature reaction tests under load simulating traditional blast furnace （T-BF） and oxygen blast furnace （OBF） condi- tions. The results indicated that compared with T-BF, the softening zone of sinter and pellet became wide, but the melting zone became narrow in OBF. The permeabilities of both sinter and pellet were improved in OBF. Under the condition of OBF, the temperature of softening zone of mixed burden was increased by 63 K, but the temperature of melting zone was decreased by 76 K. Therefore, the permeability of material layer was significantly improved. This was mainly caused by the change of the melting behavior of pellet. In addition, the quality Of dripping iron in OBF was much better than that of T-BF.
基金Sponsored by National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB720401)Natural Science Foundation of China and Baosteel(51134008)
文摘The reduction behavior of pellet was researched through the programming apparatus under simulated con- ditions of oxygen blast furnace （OBF） and traditional blast furnace （T-BF）. The results indicated that compared with traditional blast furnace, the reduction starting temperature of pellet decreased by 60 ℃ under oxygen blast furnace condition. The reduction degree of pellet could almost reach 100% under oxygen blast furnace condition when the temperature reached 1100 ℃, whereas it was only 82.49% in traditional blast furnace. The content of carbon in pel- let of oxygen blast furnace was about 5 times more than that of traditional blast furnace. In addition, the microstruc- ture at the periphery and core of pellets after reaction was characterized by means of SEM and EDS.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(Grant No.2011BAE04B02)Key Technologies R&D Program of Beijing(Grant No.Z161100000716002)
文摘Top gas recycling oxygen blast furnace（TGR-OBF）process is a promising ironmaking process.The biggest challenge of the TGR-OBF in operation is the dramatic decrease of top gas volume（per ton hot metal）,which once led to hanging-up and shutdowns in practice of the Toulachermet.In order to avoid this weakness,the strategy of medium oxygen blast furnace was presented.The maneuverable zone of the TGR-OBF was determined by the top gas volume,which should not be far from the data of the traditional blast furnace.The deviation of ±12.5% was used,and then the maneuverable blast oxygen content is from 0.30 to 0.47 according to the calculation.The flame temperature and the top gas volume have no much difference compared to those of the traditional blast furnace.The minimum carbon consumption of 357 kg per ton hot metal in the maneuverable zone occurs at the oxygen content of 0.30（fuel saving of 14%）.In the unsteady evolution,the N2 accumulation could approach nearly zero after the recycling reached 6 times.Thus far,some TGR-OBF industrial trials have been carried out in different countries,but the method of medium oxygen enriched TGR-OBF has not been implemented,because the accumulation of N2 was worried about.The presented strategy of medium oxygen enriched TGR-OBF is applicable and the strategy with good operational performance is strongly suggested as a forerunner of the full oxygen blast furnace.
文摘The effects of gas composition, temperature, ore to coke ratio and prereduction rate of ore on coke degradation were studied. The results showed that 1% increment in solution loss of coke reduces coke strength by 0.6%, and the coke degradation is accelerated with the temperature. The higher the temperature, the more coke surface is involved in reactions, and the less negative effect on coke strength is. Hydrogen exerts stronger effect on coke degradation than CO at high temperature. The coke degradation is decreased with the reduction of ore to coke ratio and increase of ore prereduction rate.
