Descriptive signs in radiology can aid in easier pattern recognition and quicker diagnosis.In spinal cord ischemia,paired anterior-horn T2-hyperintensities have traditionally been known as the“owl’s eyes”or“snake ...Descriptive signs in radiology can aid in easier pattern recognition and quicker diagnosis.In spinal cord ischemia,paired anterior-horn T2-hyperintensities have traditionally been known as the“owl’s eyes”or“snake eyes”sign.We discuss how these signs,while visually apt,convey no pathophysiologic context and propose renaming this finding the“snake bite sign”.The image still evokes two punctate marks,yet the metaphor extends to a snake bite(two fang-like dots)rather than two bright foci(eyes)staring back at the viewer.Moreover,besides the sign metaphorically resembling a traumatic puncture of the two fangs,on the occasion of a venomous snake bite occurring elsewhere,additional neurological consequences may occur,paralleling the neurological deficits seen in anterior spinal artery infarction and several mimicking myelopathies,thus further high-lighting the analogy.Such clinically driven terminology may facilitate teaching,enable diagnostic recall,and improve interdisciplinary communication.展开更多
Bite force is an important performance indicator of individual fitness that is closely related to food acquisition,male competition,and mating selection.It is also affected by a variety of factors and different mechan...Bite force is an important performance indicator of individual fitness that is closely related to food acquisition,male competition,and mating selection.It is also affected by a variety of factors and different mechanisms.Therefore,it is relatively difficult to understand the evolutionary driving forces of changes in bite force.In this study,the driving factors affecting the bite force of wild-derived red junglefowl(Gallus gallus jabouillei)were investigated from the aspects of morphological indicators and physiological characteristics.Results showed that the bite force of wild-derived red junglefowl was directly related to sex,showing obvious sexual differences.However,there was no correlation between the plasma testosterone level and bite force.The bite force of males was significantly greater than that of females,and the body index(i.e.,PC1 of five body measures,namely body mass,body length,wing length,tail length,and tarsus length),the grasp index(i.e.,tomial length×bill width)of males were significantly greater than those of females.Sexual selection may have played a key role in the evolution of bite force in the red junglefowl.Future studies should examine other key factors affecting changes in bite force to verify the correlation between secondary sexual characteristics and bite force in red junglefowls.展开更多
BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment for open bite and crossbite cases is always challenging.In this paper,we demonstrate a skeletal class III patient with anterior open bite and crossbite whose problem was successfully c...BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment for open bite and crossbite cases is always challenging.In this paper,we demonstrate a skeletal class III patient with anterior open bite and crossbite whose problem was successfully corrected with improved super-elastic Ti-Ni alloy wire(ISW).CASE SUMMARY A 19 years old male came to our clinic with a chief complaint of anterior open bite and crossbite and not able to chew food well.Clinical examination revealed an angle class III malocclusion with anterior open bite,crossbite and spaced arch.Ra-diographic and clinical examination showed a skeletal class III pattern.We used ISW to level the upper and lower arch and to correct the anterior open bite and crossbite.Intermaxillary elastics were also used to achieve a better interdigitation.Finally,adequate overbite,overjet and a desirable occlusion were achieved.The active treatment time took 2 years and 2 months.CONCLUSION In a case of class III angular malocclusion with open bite and crossbite in the ante-rior teeth,ideal results were achieved using the ISW technique and the patient was satisfied with the outcome.展开更多
Snakebite has become a serious public health problem with high mortality and disability rates.Ultrasound can provide imaging basis for diagnosis and treatment of snakebites and relative complications.The application p...Snakebite has become a serious public health problem with high mortality and disability rates.Ultrasound can provide imaging basis for diagnosis and treatment of snakebites and relative complications.The application progresses of ultrasound in snakebites and complications were reviewed in this article.展开更多
Objective:To determine the temporal trend and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash City,Iran.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 630 cases of people with animal bites between 2011 and 2021...Objective:To determine the temporal trend and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash City,Iran.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 630 cases of people with animal bites between 2011 and 2021 in Gerash City.The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results:The mean age of victims was(30.9±17.5)years.80.54%Of victims were male,39.70%were self-employed,and 64.60%were adults(≥18 years).Most cases of bites occurred in 2019(91 cases),2020(74 cases)and 2021(87 cases),and most of the bites were related to the upper limbs(62.70%).Most of the wounds were superficial(78%),most of the biting animals were domestic animals(91.74%),and most of the victims had Iranian nationality(97.62%).Conclusions:Given the increasing trend of animal bites in Gerash City,health authorities should carry out basic measures such as education and awareness among the public,especially at-risk groups such as adult males.Additionally,since most cases of bites are due to dogs,it seems necessary to plan for vaccination of dogs,especially those with owners.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the distribution pattern of animal bites in Mirjaveh,Iran from 2015 to 2020.Methods:The data on animal bites were collected from the Department of Infectious Diseases,the provincial health cen...Objective:To investigate the distribution pattern of animal bites in Mirjaveh,Iran from 2015 to 2020.Methods:The data on animal bites were collected from the Department of Infectious Diseases,the provincial health center.Monthly climatic data on precipitation and temperature during the study period were also collected.The correlation between incidence and temperature,precipitation rate,land type,and altitude was also analyzed.Results:The results showed that men were more affected by animal bites than women(76.4%,P<0.001),and the highest incidence rate occurred in the age group of 5-19 years.The incidence rate of animal bites was found to be correlated with temperature and altitude.An increase in temperature was associated with a rise in the incidence rate of animal bites.The number of animal bites increased until 2019,possibly due to an increase in the number of dogs in the area.Conclusions:Targeted interventions should be implemented to reduce the incidence of animal bites,particularly among children,housewives,and students.Improving access to appropriate treatments,increasing public awareness of the hazards of animal bites,and increasing the number of vaccinated dogs in the area are essential strategies to be considered.展开更多
Background:Nasal defects due to rat bites are frequently encountered in rural regions of China.In addition to serving as disease vectors,rats can also inflict bite injuries.In this study,we delineated the characterist...Background:Nasal defects due to rat bites are frequently encountered in rural regions of China.In addition to serving as disease vectors,rats can also inflict bite injuries.In this study,we delineated the characteristics of rat bite injuries in the nasal region and discussed the clinical features observed during a 10-year follow-up period.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed hospital records for patients admitted due to rat bites.This study outlines the demographics,clinical features,and follow-up outcomes supported by comprehensive photo documentation of the patients’progress.Results:Twenty-five patients,with a mean age of 29 years,were admitted due to rat bites.Treatment was provided for three distinct types of injuries:nasal tip defect(type Ⅰ),nasal defect(type Ⅱ),and full-thickness nasal defect with loss of surrounding tissues(type Ⅲ).All patients recovered fully.Conclusions:The treatment for rat bites should be based on the wound type.The long-term follow-up outcomes are more favorable when fewer subunits of the nose affected.We recommend early surgical intervention,along with psychological therapy,to prevent interference with growth and development.展开更多
Hippopotamus bites are rare in medical consultations, despite several studies exposing their aggressive character. A case of a hippopotamus bite on the shoulder of a fisherman has been reported. In addition to the ost...Hippopotamus bites are rare in medical consultations, despite several studies exposing their aggressive character. A case of a hippopotamus bite on the shoulder of a fisherman has been reported. In addition to the osteoarticular aspect representing a therapeutic problem, the infectious aspect was marked by sepsis, with a death in less than 48 hours. Based on this observation, a protocol for the initial management of large animal bites was submitted.展开更多
We studied the habitat use of mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni in the northern edge of the Bale Mountains Na- tional Park, Ethiopia. The aims of this study were to： （1） measure and quantify habitat-specific stem ...We studied the habitat use of mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni in the northern edge of the Bale Mountains Na- tional Park, Ethiopia. The aims of this study were to： （1） measure and quantify habitat-specific stem bite diameters of mountain nyala foraging on common natural plant species in two major habitat types （i.e. grasslands versus woodlands）, and （2） quantify the bite rates （number of bites per minute） and the activity time budgets of mountain nyala as functions of habitat type and sex-age category. We randomly laid out three transects in each habitat type. Following each transect, through focal animal obser- vations, we assessed and quantified stem diameters at point of browse （dpb）, bite rates, and time budgets of mountain nyala in grasslands versus woodlands. Stem dpb provide a measure of natural giving-up densities （GUDs） and can be used to assess fora- ging costs and efficiencies, with greater stem dpb corresponding to lower costs and greater efficiencies. The results showed that stem dpb, bite rates, induced vigilance, and proportion of time spent in feeding differed between habitats. In particular, mountain nyala had greater stem dpb, higher bite rates, and spent a greater proportion of their time in feeding and less in induced vigilance in the grasslands. In addition, adult females had the highest bite rates, and the browse species Solanum marginatum had the greatest stem dpb. Generally, grasslands provide the mountain nyala with several advantages over the woodlands, including of- fering lower foraging costs, greater safety, and more time for foraging. The study advocates how behavioural indicators and natural GUDs are used to examine the habitat use of the endangered mountain nyala through applying non-invasive techniques. We conclude that the resulting measures are helpful for guiding conservation and management efforts and could be applicable to a number of endangered wildlife species including the mountain nyala .展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the orthopedic effects of a new method to treat skeletal crossbite in the early mixed dentition. Methods ：Twenty cases （5.8-7. 5 years old ） with skeletal crossbite were treated by bonding t...Objective： To evaluate the orthopedic effects of a new method to treat skeletal crossbite in the early mixed dentition. Methods ：Twenty cases （5.8-7. 5 years old ） with skeletal crossbite were treated by bonding the bite plate combined with the face mask protracting the upper jaw. Cephalometric radiographs were taken and analyzed before and after treatments. Results： On average, in all 20 cases the maxilla was moved by 2.06 mm forwards the mandible was turned 2.45° downward and backwards the skeletal crossbites were corrected and the facial profiles were improved satisfactorily. The period of treatment was conducted for 1.7 months on average. Conclusion： A good effect can be achieved by bonding bite plate combined with the face mask protracting the upper jaw to treat skeletal crossbite in the early mixed dentition, which will benefit the craniofacial growth and the development of young children.展开更多
Rat-bite is uncommon worldwide, excluding developing countries. The history of a bite is usually missed if not meticulously asked for in history, proper exposure and examination. Today we report a case of culture-nega...Rat-bite is uncommon worldwide, excluding developing countries. The history of a bite is usually missed if not meticulously asked for in history, proper exposure and examination. Today we report a case of culture-negative rat-bite fever with poly septic arthritis resembling a rheumatoid arthritis-like picture in a 64-year-old gentleman. The presentation at first imitated an arthritis-like picture which was polyarthritis affecting the right ankle, right knee, right wrist, right proximal interphalangeal, left metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints.展开更多
Introduction: One of the most common risks of fixed orthodontic therapy is the evidence of root resorption post orthodontic treatment ranging from mild root blunting to severe root resorption of significant portions o...Introduction: One of the most common risks of fixed orthodontic therapy is the evidence of root resorption post orthodontic treatment ranging from mild root blunting to severe root resorption of significant portions of the root structure. The etiology of apical root resorption is multifactorial but largely depends upon the type of orthodontic tooth movement and treatment duration. Study Objective: The primary aim of this study is to examine the association of external apical root resorption and vertical correction in anterior open bite malocclusions using panoramic radiographs for evaluation. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment and post-treatment panoramic radiographs of 16 patients with anterior open bite malocclusions were scored to assess root resorption of anterior teeth (U/L 3-3). Initial and final root length and total tooth length for U/L 3-3 were measured on panoramic radiographs in Dolphin imaging. Results: Of the 24 pairs of measurements, 7 had a significant p-value (p Conclusions: A statistically significant amount of root resorption was observed, from pre-treatment to post-treatment radiographs. All mandibular anterior teeth except the mandibular right lateral incisors showed evidence of root resorption.展开更多
文摘Descriptive signs in radiology can aid in easier pattern recognition and quicker diagnosis.In spinal cord ischemia,paired anterior-horn T2-hyperintensities have traditionally been known as the“owl’s eyes”or“snake eyes”sign.We discuss how these signs,while visually apt,convey no pathophysiologic context and propose renaming this finding the“snake bite sign”.The image still evokes two punctate marks,yet the metaphor extends to a snake bite(two fang-like dots)rather than two bright foci(eyes)staring back at the viewer.Moreover,besides the sign metaphorically resembling a traumatic puncture of the two fangs,on the occasion of a venomous snake bite occurring elsewhere,additional neurological consequences may occur,paralleling the neurological deficits seen in anterior spinal artery infarction and several mimicking myelopathies,thus further high-lighting the analogy.Such clinically driven terminology may facilitate teaching,enable diagnostic recall,and improve interdisciplinary communication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.31800320 and no.32360250 to XR)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(no.320RC506 to XR)+3 种基金funded by the project supported by the Scientific Research start-up Fund of Hainan University[no.KYQD(ZR)20057]the Teaching Research of Hainan University(no.Hdsz20-9)supported by Hainan Tropical Rainforest Conservation Research Project,ZDYF2023RDYL01(supported by the Hainan Institute of National Park,HINP,KY-24ZK02)supported by the specific research fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province.
文摘Bite force is an important performance indicator of individual fitness that is closely related to food acquisition,male competition,and mating selection.It is also affected by a variety of factors and different mechanisms.Therefore,it is relatively difficult to understand the evolutionary driving forces of changes in bite force.In this study,the driving factors affecting the bite force of wild-derived red junglefowl(Gallus gallus jabouillei)were investigated from the aspects of morphological indicators and physiological characteristics.Results showed that the bite force of wild-derived red junglefowl was directly related to sex,showing obvious sexual differences.However,there was no correlation between the plasma testosterone level and bite force.The bite force of males was significantly greater than that of females,and the body index(i.e.,PC1 of five body measures,namely body mass,body length,wing length,tail length,and tarsus length),the grasp index(i.e.,tomial length×bill width)of males were significantly greater than those of females.Sexual selection may have played a key role in the evolution of bite force in the red junglefowl.Future studies should examine other key factors affecting changes in bite force to verify the correlation between secondary sexual characteristics and bite force in red junglefowls.
文摘BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment for open bite and crossbite cases is always challenging.In this paper,we demonstrate a skeletal class III patient with anterior open bite and crossbite whose problem was successfully corrected with improved super-elastic Ti-Ni alloy wire(ISW).CASE SUMMARY A 19 years old male came to our clinic with a chief complaint of anterior open bite and crossbite and not able to chew food well.Clinical examination revealed an angle class III malocclusion with anterior open bite,crossbite and spaced arch.Ra-diographic and clinical examination showed a skeletal class III pattern.We used ISW to level the upper and lower arch and to correct the anterior open bite and crossbite.Intermaxillary elastics were also used to achieve a better interdigitation.Finally,adequate overbite,overjet and a desirable occlusion were achieved.The active treatment time took 2 years and 2 months.CONCLUSION In a case of class III angular malocclusion with open bite and crossbite in the ante-rior teeth,ideal results were achieved using the ISW technique and the patient was satisfied with the outcome.
文摘Snakebite has become a serious public health problem with high mortality and disability rates.Ultrasound can provide imaging basis for diagnosis and treatment of snakebites and relative complications.The application progresses of ultrasound in snakebites and complications were reviewed in this article.
基金This study was financially supported by the vice-chancellery for research affairs at Gerash University of Medical Sciences,Gerash,Iran(Grant number:99000071).
文摘Objective:To determine the temporal trend and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash City,Iran.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 630 cases of people with animal bites between 2011 and 2021 in Gerash City.The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results:The mean age of victims was(30.9±17.5)years.80.54%Of victims were male,39.70%were self-employed,and 64.60%were adults(≥18 years).Most cases of bites occurred in 2019(91 cases),2020(74 cases)and 2021(87 cases),and most of the bites were related to the upper limbs(62.70%).Most of the wounds were superficial(78%),most of the biting animals were domestic animals(91.74%),and most of the victims had Iranian nationality(97.62%).Conclusions:Given the increasing trend of animal bites in Gerash City,health authorities should carry out basic measures such as education and awareness among the public,especially at-risk groups such as adult males.Additionally,since most cases of bites are due to dogs,it seems necessary to plan for vaccination of dogs,especially those with owners.
文摘Objective:To investigate the distribution pattern of animal bites in Mirjaveh,Iran from 2015 to 2020.Methods:The data on animal bites were collected from the Department of Infectious Diseases,the provincial health center.Monthly climatic data on precipitation and temperature during the study period were also collected.The correlation between incidence and temperature,precipitation rate,land type,and altitude was also analyzed.Results:The results showed that men were more affected by animal bites than women(76.4%,P<0.001),and the highest incidence rate occurred in the age group of 5-19 years.The incidence rate of animal bites was found to be correlated with temperature and altitude.An increase in temperature was associated with a rise in the incidence rate of animal bites.The number of animal bites increased until 2019,possibly due to an increase in the number of dogs in the area.Conclusions:Targeted interventions should be implemented to reduce the incidence of animal bites,particularly among children,housewives,and students.Improving access to appropriate treatments,increasing public awareness of the hazards of animal bites,and increasing the number of vaccinated dogs in the area are essential strategies to be considered.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.82272289).
文摘Background:Nasal defects due to rat bites are frequently encountered in rural regions of China.In addition to serving as disease vectors,rats can also inflict bite injuries.In this study,we delineated the characteristics of rat bite injuries in the nasal region and discussed the clinical features observed during a 10-year follow-up period.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed hospital records for patients admitted due to rat bites.This study outlines the demographics,clinical features,and follow-up outcomes supported by comprehensive photo documentation of the patients’progress.Results:Twenty-five patients,with a mean age of 29 years,were admitted due to rat bites.Treatment was provided for three distinct types of injuries:nasal tip defect(type Ⅰ),nasal defect(type Ⅱ),and full-thickness nasal defect with loss of surrounding tissues(type Ⅲ).All patients recovered fully.Conclusions:The treatment for rat bites should be based on the wound type.The long-term follow-up outcomes are more favorable when fewer subunits of the nose affected.We recommend early surgical intervention,along with psychological therapy,to prevent interference with growth and development.
文摘Hippopotamus bites are rare in medical consultations, despite several studies exposing their aggressive character. A case of a hippopotamus bite on the shoulder of a fisherman has been reported. In addition to the osteoarticular aspect representing a therapeutic problem, the infectious aspect was marked by sepsis, with a death in less than 48 hours. Based on this observation, a protocol for the initial management of large animal bites was submitted.
文摘We studied the habitat use of mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni in the northern edge of the Bale Mountains Na- tional Park, Ethiopia. The aims of this study were to： （1） measure and quantify habitat-specific stem bite diameters of mountain nyala foraging on common natural plant species in two major habitat types （i.e. grasslands versus woodlands）, and （2） quantify the bite rates （number of bites per minute） and the activity time budgets of mountain nyala as functions of habitat type and sex-age category. We randomly laid out three transects in each habitat type. Following each transect, through focal animal obser- vations, we assessed and quantified stem diameters at point of browse （dpb）, bite rates, and time budgets of mountain nyala in grasslands versus woodlands. Stem dpb provide a measure of natural giving-up densities （GUDs） and can be used to assess fora- ging costs and efficiencies, with greater stem dpb corresponding to lower costs and greater efficiencies. The results showed that stem dpb, bite rates, induced vigilance, and proportion of time spent in feeding differed between habitats. In particular, mountain nyala had greater stem dpb, higher bite rates, and spent a greater proportion of their time in feeding and less in induced vigilance in the grasslands. In addition, adult females had the highest bite rates, and the browse species Solanum marginatum had the greatest stem dpb. Generally, grasslands provide the mountain nyala with several advantages over the woodlands, including of- fering lower foraging costs, greater safety, and more time for foraging. The study advocates how behavioural indicators and natural GUDs are used to examine the habitat use of the endangered mountain nyala through applying non-invasive techniques. We conclude that the resulting measures are helpful for guiding conservation and management efforts and could be applicable to a number of endangered wildlife species including the mountain nyala .
文摘Objective： To evaluate the orthopedic effects of a new method to treat skeletal crossbite in the early mixed dentition. Methods ：Twenty cases （5.8-7. 5 years old ） with skeletal crossbite were treated by bonding the bite plate combined with the face mask protracting the upper jaw. Cephalometric radiographs were taken and analyzed before and after treatments. Results： On average, in all 20 cases the maxilla was moved by 2.06 mm forwards the mandible was turned 2.45° downward and backwards the skeletal crossbites were corrected and the facial profiles were improved satisfactorily. The period of treatment was conducted for 1.7 months on average. Conclusion： A good effect can be achieved by bonding bite plate combined with the face mask protracting the upper jaw to treat skeletal crossbite in the early mixed dentition, which will benefit the craniofacial growth and the development of young children.
文摘Rat-bite is uncommon worldwide, excluding developing countries. The history of a bite is usually missed if not meticulously asked for in history, proper exposure and examination. Today we report a case of culture-negative rat-bite fever with poly septic arthritis resembling a rheumatoid arthritis-like picture in a 64-year-old gentleman. The presentation at first imitated an arthritis-like picture which was polyarthritis affecting the right ankle, right knee, right wrist, right proximal interphalangeal, left metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints.
文摘Introduction: One of the most common risks of fixed orthodontic therapy is the evidence of root resorption post orthodontic treatment ranging from mild root blunting to severe root resorption of significant portions of the root structure. The etiology of apical root resorption is multifactorial but largely depends upon the type of orthodontic tooth movement and treatment duration. Study Objective: The primary aim of this study is to examine the association of external apical root resorption and vertical correction in anterior open bite malocclusions using panoramic radiographs for evaluation. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment and post-treatment panoramic radiographs of 16 patients with anterior open bite malocclusions were scored to assess root resorption of anterior teeth (U/L 3-3). Initial and final root length and total tooth length for U/L 3-3 were measured on panoramic radiographs in Dolphin imaging. Results: Of the 24 pairs of measurements, 7 had a significant p-value (p Conclusions: A statistically significant amount of root resorption was observed, from pre-treatment to post-treatment radiographs. All mandibular anterior teeth except the mandibular right lateral incisors showed evidence of root resorption.
