Natural products,with their remarkable structural and biological diversity,have historically served as a vital bridge between chemistry,the life sciences,and medicine.They not only provide essential scaffolds for drug...Natural products,with their remarkable structural and biological diversity,have historically served as a vital bridge between chemistry,the life sciences,and medicine.They not only provide essential scaffolds for drug discovery but also inspire innovative strategies in drug development.The biomimetic synthesis of natural products employs principles from biomimicry,applying inspiration from biogenetic processes to design synthetic strategies that mimic biosynthetic processes.Biomimetic synthesis is a highly efficient approach in synthetic chemistry,as it addresses critical challenges in the synthesis of structurally complex natural products with significant biological and medicinal importance.It has gained widespread attention from researchers in chemistry,biology,pharmacy,and related fields,underscoring its interdisciplinary impact.In this perspective,we present recent advances and challenges in the biomimetic synthesis of natural products,along with the significance and prospects of this field,highlighting the transformative potential of biomimetic synthesis strategies for both chemical and biosynthetic approaches to natural product synthesis in the pursuit of novel therapeutic agents.展开更多
Atherosclerosis(AS)is a progressive inflammatory disease,and thrombosis most likely leads to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally.Thrombolytic drugs alone cannot completely prevent thrombotic events,and tre...Atherosclerosis(AS)is a progressive inflammatory disease,and thrombosis most likely leads to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally.Thrombolytic drugs alone cannot completely prevent thrombotic events,and treatments targeting thrombosis also need to regulate the inflammatory process.Based on the dynamic pathological development of AS,biomimetic thrombus-targeted nanoparticles HMTL@PM were prepared.Hirudin and lumbrukinase,effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine,were self-assembled under the action of tannic acid and Mn^(2+).HMTL@PM dissociated in the weakly acidic microenvironment of atherosclerosis and exhibited excellent therapeutic effects,including alleviating inflammation,dissolving thrombus,anticoagulation,and promoting cholesterol efflux.HMTL@PM effectively regulated the progression of AS and provided a newperspective for the development of drug delivery systems for AS therapy,which holds important research significance for reducing the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.展开更多
Abnormal wound scarring often leads to functional impairments and cosmetic deformities,primarily driven by the prolonged activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Addressing this challenge,we developed a biomime...Abnormal wound scarring often leads to functional impairments and cosmetic deformities,primarily driven by the prolonged activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Addressing this challenge,we developed a biomimetic scaffold aimed at facilitating rapid and scarless wound healing.This highly in-tegrated 3D-printed dermal scaffold comprised modified recombinant human type III collagen(rhCOLIII-MA),gelatin methacrylate(GelMA),and liposomes encapsulating SB431542 to target TGF-β1(Lip@SB).The rhCOLIII-MA/GelMA(CG)scaffold retained inherent biomaterial characteristics,exhibited tailored physicochemical properties,and demonstrated favorable biocompatibility.Moreover,the Lip@SB-loaded CG scaffold(CGL)effectively promoted in vitro wound healing,while enabling controlled release of SB431542 to inhibit pathological collagen deposition.In a full-thickness skin defect rat model,the CGL dermal scaffold combined with split-thickness skin graft(STSG)minimized scar contraction,stimulated functional neovascularization,and enhanced graft aesthetics comparable to normal skin.Remarkably,the performance of the CGL scaffold surpassed that of commercially available anti-scarring alternatives.This innovative strategy presents a straightforward approach toward scarless skin regeneration and holds promise in alleviating the prolonged,painful postoperative rehabilitation.展开更多
This paper endeavours to bridge the existing gap in muscular actuator design for ligament-skeletal-inspired robots,thereby fostering the evolution of these robotic systems.We introduce two novel compliant actuators,na...This paper endeavours to bridge the existing gap in muscular actuator design for ligament-skeletal-inspired robots,thereby fostering the evolution of these robotic systems.We introduce two novel compliant actuators,namely the Internal Torsion Spring Compliant Actuator(ICA)and the External Spring Compliant Actuator(ECA),and present a comparative analysis against the previously conceived Magnet Integrated Soft Actuator(MISA)through computational and experimental results.These actuators,employing a motor-tendon system,emulate biological muscle-like forms,enhancing artificial muscle technology.Then,applications of the proposed actuators in a robotic arm inspired by the human musculoskeletal system are presented.Experiments demonstrate satisfactory power in tasks like lifting dumbbells(peak power:36 W),playing table tennis(end-effector speed:3.2 m/s),and door opening,without compromising biomimetic aesthetics.Compared to other linear stiffness serial elastic actuators(SEAs),ECA and ICA exhibit high power-to-volume(361×10^(3)W/m^(3))and power-to-mass(111.6 W/kg)ratios respectively,endorsing the biomimetic design’s promise in robotic development.展开更多
Reducing the resistance of vehicles,ships,aircraft and other means of transport during movement can significantly improve the speed,save energy and reduce emissions.After billions of years of continuous evolution,orga...Reducing the resistance of vehicles,ships,aircraft and other means of transport during movement can significantly improve the speed,save energy and reduce emissions.After billions of years of continuous evolution,organisms in nature have gradually developed the ability to move at high speed to achieve better survival.These evolved organisms provide a perfect template for the human development of drag reduction materials.Revealing the unique physiological structural characteristics of organisms and their relationship with resistance during movement can provide a feasible approach tosolving the problem of reducing friction resistance.Whether flying in the sky,running on the ground,swimming in the water,or even living in the soil,many creatures in various environments have the ability to reduce resistance.Driven by these inspirations,researchers have done a lot of work to explore and imitate these biological epidermis structures to achieve drag reduction.In this paper,the biomimetic drag reduction materials is introduced in detail in the order of drag reduction mechanism,structural characteristics of biological epidermis(including marine animals,flying animals,soil animals and plants),biomimetic preparation methods,performance testing methods and application fields.Finally,the potential of various biomimetic drag reduction materials in engineering application and the problems to be overcome are summarized and prospected.This paper can help readers comprehensively understand the research progress of biomimetic drag reduction materials,and provide reference for further designing the next generation of drag reduction materials.展开更多
Immunotherapy offers significant potential but is often hampered by the immunosuppressive environment in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).To address this,we propose an enhanced immunotherapeutic strategy that revita...Immunotherapy offers significant potential but is often hampered by the immunosuppressive environment in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).To address this,we propose an enhanced immunotherapeutic strategy that revitalizes the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)in OSCC by integrating upconversion-based photodynamic therapy(PDT)with chemotherapy.Using a red blood cell membraneinspired biomimetic nanoplatform,our approach concurrently delivers chlorin e6@upconversion nanoparticles(Ce6@UCNP)and doxorubicin(DOX).By leveraging fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)for 980 nm to 660 nm upconversion excitation,we address challenges such as limited tissue penetration and tissue damage,as well as nanoplatform issues including immunogenicity and targeting inaccuracy Our integrated approach enhances PDT and chemotherapy with the goal of transforming immunologically“cold”tumors into“hot”ones through a cascaded therapy,thereby revitalizing the tumor immune microenvironment in OSCC.展开更多
Two novel skeleton sesquiterpenoids(1 and 6),along with four new iphionane-type sesquiterpenes(2−5)and six new cyperane-type sesquiterpenes(7−11),were isolated from the whole plant of Artemisia hedinii(A.hedinii).The ...Two novel skeleton sesquiterpenoids(1 and 6),along with four new iphionane-type sesquiterpenes(2−5)and six new cyperane-type sesquiterpenes(7−11),were isolated from the whole plant of Artemisia hedinii(A.hedinii).The two novel skeleton compounds(1 and 6)were derived from the decarbonization of iphionane and cyperane-type sesquiterpenes,respectively.Their structures were elucidated through a comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data,including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS)and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectra.The absolute configurations were determined using electronic circular dichroism(ECD)spectra,single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses,time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)ECD calculation,density functional theory(DFT)NMR calculations,and biomimetic syntheses.The biomimetic syntheses of the two novel skeletons(1 and 6)were inspired by potential biogenetic pathways,utilizing a predominant eudesmane-type sesquiterpene(A)in A.hedinii as the substrate.All compounds were evaluated in LX-2 cells for their anti-hepatic fibrosis activity.Compounds 2,8,and 10 exhibited significant activity in downregulating the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),a protein involved in hepatic fibrosis.展开更多
Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,techno...Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,technological advances in this field and immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized the treatment of HGGs and BM.Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors,CAR-T targeting,oncolytic virus-based therapy,bispecific antibody treatment,and vaccination approaches,etc.,are emerging as promising avenues offering new hope in refining patient’s survival benefits.However,selective trafficking across the blood-brain barrier(BBB),immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),metabolic alteration,and tumor heterogeneity limit the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for HGGs and BM.Furthermore,to address this concern,the NanoBioTechnology-based bioinspired delivery system has been gaining tremendous attention in recent years.With technological advances such as Trojan horse targeting and infusing/camouflaging nanoparticles surface with biological molecules/cells like immunocytes,erythrocytes,platelets,glioma cell lysate and/or integrating these strategies to get hybrid membrane for homotypic recognition.These biomimetic nanotherapy offers advantages over conventional nanoparticles,focusing on greater target specificity,increased circulation stability,higher active loading capacity,BBB permeability(inherent inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils),decreased immunogenicity,efficient metabolism-based combinatorial effects,and prevention of tumor recurrence by induction of immunological memory,etc.provide new age of improved immunotherapies outcomes against HGGs and BM.In this review,we emphasize on neuro-immunotherapy and the versatility of these biomimetic nano-delivery strategies for precise targeting of hard-to-treat andmost lethal HGGs and BM.Moreover,the challenges impeding the clinical translatability of these approaches were addressed to unmet medical needs of brain cancers.展开更多
Sodium-ion-based electrochromic device(SECD)has been identified as an appealing cost-effective alternative of lithium-based counterparts,only if it can address the challenges in association with the inadequate electro...Sodium-ion-based electrochromic device(SECD)has been identified as an appealing cost-effective alternative of lithium-based counterparts,only if it can address the challenges in association with the inadequate electrochromic performance.In this regard,the quantized strategy is a particularly promising approach owing to the large surface-to-volume ratio and high reaction activity.However,quantum dots inevitably suffer from volume changes and undesired aggregation during electrochemical cycling.Herein,bioinspired from the robust connection of alveoli in lung,we propose a stable electrode,where WO_(3) quantum dots(WQDs)are robustly anchored on Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene through the strong chemical bonds of W-O-Ti.Theoretical results reveal the fundamental mechanism of the volume changes within WQDs and the dynamic diffusion process of sodium ions.The WQD@MXene electrodes exhibit a nearly twofold enhancement in cycling performance(1000 vs 500 cycles),coloration speed(3.2 vs 6.0 s),and areal capacity(87.5 vs 43.9 mAhm^(-2) at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)),compared to those of the pristine WQD electrode.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,a smart house system integrated with SECDs demonstrates a“3-in-1”device,enabling a combination of energy-saving,energy storage,and display functionalities.The present work significantly advances the versatile applications of cost-effective electrochromic electronics in interdisciplinary.展开更多
Osteochondral defects involving both articular cartilage and subchondral bone remain challenging in clinical treatment.Inspired by the zonal organization of native osteochondral tissue and the sophisticated architectu...Osteochondral defects involving both articular cartilage and subchondral bone remain challenging in clinical treatment.Inspired by the zonal organization of native osteochondral tissue and the sophisticated architecture of articular cavity,we designed a biomimetic bilayer scaffold system using 3D printing technology.The scaffold recreates the natural structural and mechanical gradients of the osteochondral interface,featuring a gradient transition from cartilage to bone phase.To enhance the bio-functionality of this biomimetic design,we incorporated the small molecule Kartogenin(KGN),which has shown promising potential in cartilage regeneration by promoting chondrogenic differentiation and inhibiting cartilage degeneration.However,the reparative efficacy of KGN is highly concentration-dependent,and the optimal concentration within complex three-dimensional scaffold environments remains unclear.Through both in vitro and in vivo evaluations of this bio-inspired scaffold system loaded with varying KGN concentrations,we identified that 5μM KGN(SCS@K5)achieved optimal outcomes.At 12 weeks,the SCS@K5 treatment resulted in better organized osteochondral tissue with improved interface integration relative to other groups.This biomimetic gradient design incorporating KGN release offers a viable approach for osteochondral defect repair.展开更多
Directed degradation of abundant renewable lignin into small aromatic compounds is crucial for lignin valorization but challenging.The degradation of lignin in natural environments typically involves multienzyme syner...Directed degradation of abundant renewable lignin into small aromatic compounds is crucial for lignin valorization but challenging.The degradation of lignin in natural environments typically involves multienzyme synergy.However,the proteinaceous characteristics of lignin-degrading enzymes restrict their accessibility to certain regions of intricate lignin,resulting in the multienzyme systems being unable to fully demonstrate their effectiveness.Herein,a de novo biomimetic enzyme-nanozyme hybrid system was constructed by combiningλ-MnO_(2) nanozyme with laccase CotA from Bacillus subtilis,aimed at facilitating lignin degradation under mild conditions.The lignin degradation rate of the CotA+λ-MnO_(2) hybrid system was determined to be 25.15%,which was much higher than those of the lignin degradation systems with only laccase CotA(15.32%)orλ-MnO_(2) nanozyme(14.90%).Notably,the proportion of aromatic chemicals in the products derived from the hybrid system reached as much as 48%,which was 41.2%and 118.2%higher than those of the CotA-andλ-MnO_(2)-catalyzed systems,respectively.Analysis of products mapping and lignin structure changes suggested that the higher proportion of aromatic compounds in the CotA+λ-MnO_(2)hybrid system was more likely to benefit from the laccase-mediated methoxylation.Moreover,electron paramagnetic resonance analysis indicated that the intensity and kind of free radicals such as·OH and·O_(2)^(-)are closely linked to the degradation rate and reaction type.This work is the inaugural application of an enzyme-nanozyme hybrid system for lignin degradation,demonstrating the potential of the synergistic interaction between enzyme and nanozyme in the directed degradation of lignin.展开更多
Microgrinding is widely used in clinical bone surgery,but saline spray cooling faces technical challenges such as low wettability at the microgrinding tool–bone interface,easy clogging of the microgrinding tools,and ...Microgrinding is widely used in clinical bone surgery,but saline spray cooling faces technical challenges such as low wettability at the microgrinding tool–bone interface,easy clogging of the microgrinding tools,and high grinding temperatures.These issues can lead to bone necrosis,irreversible thermal damage to nerves,or even surgical failure.Inspired by the water-trapping and directional transportation abilities of desert beetles,this study proposes a biomimetic desert beetle microgrinding tool.The flow-field distribution directly influences the convective heat transfer of the cooling medium in the grinding zone,which in turn affects the grinding temperature.To address this,a mathematical model of the two-phase flow field at the biomimetic microgrinding tool–bone interface is developed.The results indicate an average error of 14.74%between the calculated and experimentally obtained airflow field velocities.Next,a biomimetic desert beetle microgrinding tool is prepared.Experiments with physiological saline spray cooling were conducted on fresh bovine femur bone,which has mechanical properties similar to human bone.Results show that,compared with conventional microgrinding tools,the biomimetic tools reduced bone surface temperature by 21.7%,13.2%,5.8%,20.3%,and 25.8%at particle sizes of 150#,200#,240#,270#,and 300#,respectively.The surface morphology of the biomimetic microgrinding tools after grinding is observed and analyzed,revealing a maximum clogging area reduction of 23.0%,which is 6.1%,6.0%,10.0%,15.6%,and 9.5%less than that observed with conventional tools.Finally,this study unveils the dynamic mechanism of cooling medium transfer in the flow field at the biomimetic microgrinding tool–bone interface.This research provides theoretical guidance and technical support for clinical bone resection surgery.展开更多
This article systematically reviews the application of biomimetic nanotechnology in targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).TNBC poses significant challenges for conventional treatments due to the lac...This article systematically reviews the application of biomimetic nanotechnology in targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).TNBC poses significant challenges for conventional treatments due to the lack of defined therapeutic targets,chemotherapy resistance,and a complex immunosuppressive microenvironment.Biomimetic nanotechnology,by mimicking the functional properties of biological structures(e.g.,cell membranes,exosomes),has significantly enhanced drug delivery efficiency,targeting precision,and anti-tumor immune responses.This review focuses on the design strategies of biomimetic nanocarriers(including cell membrane-coated nanoparticles,engineered exosomes,and biomimetic synthetic materials)and their innovative applications in TNBC therapy:(1)Targeted delivery systems that overcome tumor barriers and reduce systemic toxicity;(2)Photothermal therapy combined with immunomodulation for precise treatment and immune activation;(3)Tumor microenvironment regulation(e.g.,vascular normalization,pH neutralization,immunosuppression reversal).Studies demonstrate that biomimetic nanotechnology significantly improves TNBC treatment efficacy through multimodal synergistic mechanisms(e.g.,chemo-photothermal-immunotherapy).However,challenges such as scalable production,long-term safety,and personalized adaptation remain for clinical translation.Future research should integrate artificial intelligence for optimized design and dynamic imaging technologies to advance biomimetic nanomedicines toward clinical applications.展开更多
Deprivation of glucose and lactate provides an effective pathway to terminate the nutrients supplement for tumor growth.In this work,biomimetic nanozymes called m@BGLC are constructed for catalytic tumor inhibition th...Deprivation of glucose and lactate provides an effective pathway to terminate the nutrients supplement for tumor growth.In this work,biomimetic nanozymes called m@BGLC are constructed for catalytic tumor inhibition through nutrients deprivation and oxidative damage induction.Concretely,the catalytic enzymes of glucose oxidase(GOx),lactate oxidase(LOx)and chloroperoxidase(CPO)are precrosslinked with bovine serum albumin(BSA)to construct nanozymes,which are then biomimetic functionalized with cancer cell membrane to prepare m@BGLC.Benefiting from the biomimetic camouflage with homologous cell membrane,m@BGLC inherit homotypic binding and immune escape abilities,facilitating the tumor targeting accumulation and preferable cell internalization for improved drug delivery efficiency.Subsequently,under the cascade catalysis of nanozymes,m@BGLC consume glucose and lactate for tumor starvation therapy through nutrients deprivation,and meanwhile,the resulting hyprochloric acid(HClO)causes an oxidative damage of cells to synergistically inhibit tumor growth.In vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate a robust tumor eradication effect of m@BGLC without obvious adverse reactions via the targeted combination therapy.Such cascade catalytic nanomedicine may inspire the development of sophisticated strategies for tumor combination therapy under unfavorable tumor microenvironments.展开更多
Lithium metal anode is one of the ideal anode materials for the next generation of high-energy-density battery systems.Unfortunately,the uneven nucleation of Li leads to dendrite growth and volume changes during cycli...Lithium metal anode is one of the ideal anode materials for the next generation of high-energy-density battery systems.Unfortunately,the uneven nucleation of Li leads to dendrite growth and volume changes during cycling,resulting in poor electrochemical performance and potential safety hazards,which hinder its practical application.In this work,a low-cost chicken-bonederived carbon material(CBC)with a biomimetic structure was designed and synthesized using a simple one-step carbonization method.Combining theoretical calculations and experimental results,the self-doped N and S heteroatoms in CBC are demonstrated to effectively reduce the binding energy with Li atoms and lower the nucleation overpotential.After uniform nucleation,the Li metal grows in a spherical shape without dendrites,which is related to the reduction of the local current density inside the biomimetic crosslinking structure of CBC.Benefiting from this favorable Li growth behavior,the Li@CBC electrode achieves ultra-low nucleation overpotential(15.5 mV at 0.1 mA cm^(−2))and superdense lithium deposition(zero volume expansion rate at a capacity of 2 mAh cm^(−2))without introducing additional lithiophilic sites.The CBC retains a high Coulombic efficiency of over 98%in 479 cycles(1 mA cm^(−2)and 1 mAh cm^(−2))when applied in a half-cell with Li,and shows an excellent rate and cycling performance when applied in a full cell with LiFePO4 as the cathode.展开更多
Polymeric materials research is increasingly directed toward biomimicry,exploring designs derived from nature's long evolutionary processes to enhance material properties and sustainability.Scientists have long re...Polymeric materials research is increasingly directed toward biomimicry,exploring designs derived from nature's long evolutionary processes to enhance material properties and sustainability.Scientists have long recognized that spider silk,as a natural polymer,possesses exceptional physicochemical properties,including high tensile strength,superior toughness,good thermal conductivity,ultracontraction,and unique torsional rotation driving capabilities.These remarkable characteristics have inspired ongoing efforts to develop biomimetic spider silk materials,with the aim of replicating the natural structure of spider silk to create polymers with similar or even superior performance.This article aims to explore the synthesis methods of highperformance biomimetic polymer materials,such as artificial spider silk,and their advanced applications across various fields.The review will discuss recent advances in the synthesis of novel artificial spider silk materials,focusing on polymer molecular design,the construction of secondary cross-linked networks,micro-nano assembly structure,and the development of innovative spinning techniques,as well as the potential of artificial spider silk in biomedical and flexible smart wearable applications.展开更多
The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer...The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer therapy,and bioimaging.Nature has evolved efficient light-harvesting systems and energy conversion mechanisms,which serve as a benchmark for researchers.However,reproducing such complexity and harnessing it for biomedical applications is a daunting task.It requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological processes and the ability to replicate them synthetically.By utilizing light energy,these photocatalysts can trigger specific chemical reactions,leading to targeted drug release,enhanced tissue regeneration,and precise imaging of biological structures.In this context,addressing the stability,long-term performance,scalability,and costeffectiveness of these materials is crucial for their widespread implementation in biomedical applications.While challenges such as complexity and stability persist,their advantages such as targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine make them a fascinating area of research.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of existing research,highlighting the advancements,current challenges,advantages,limitations,and future prospects of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts in biomedicine.展开更多
Because of the large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) (23 ppm K^(–1)), aluminum faces challenges in meeting the demands of high dimensional stability in precision instruments, microelectronics, and aerospace. F...Because of the large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) (23 ppm K^(–1)), aluminum faces challenges in meeting the demands of high dimensional stability in precision instruments, microelectronics, and aerospace. Filling negative thermal expansion (NTE) particles into aluminum can create composites with either zero or low CTEs. However, the resulting composites usually have poor thermal conductivity due to their monolithic configuration, i.e., the NTE particles are filled randomly. Thus, heat sinks should be equipped to assist their usage (e.g., in thermal management). This in turn causes strong thermal stress in the packaging system owing to the high contrast in the CTEs between those monolithic composites and heat sinks typically made of copper or aluminum. Here, we propose a gradient configuration for low-CTE aluminum composite, inspired by the bamboo structure. The gradient distribution of NTE particles (Zn_(0.5)Sn_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)NMn_(3), ZSM) was obtained by laying up several layers of ZSM/Al with the ZSM fraction ranging from 0 to 28 vol.%. In the gradient composite, the CTE near room temperature varies from 3.4 pm K^(–1) on one side to 21 ppm K^(–1) on the other side. Such a gradient CTE distribution would facilitate the low-thermal-stress designs and thus help stabilize the dimension of a precision system. Furthermore, this composite has a high thermal conductivity of 130 W m^(–1) K^(–1) and strong toughness when the flexural loading is applied on the 28 vol.% ZSM/Al side. Our research provides a novel approach to designing metallic matrix composites with unprecedented performance.展开更多
During the metal cutting process,especially in continuous contact conditions like turning,the challenge of lubricants failing to effectively reach the cutting point remains unresolved.Micro-textured cutting tools offe...During the metal cutting process,especially in continuous contact conditions like turning,the challenge of lubricants failing to effectively reach the cutting point remains unresolved.Micro-textured cutting tools offer a potential solution for tool-chip contact challenges.Inspired by the evolutionary achievements of the biosphere,micro-textures are expected to overcome lubrication limitations in cutting zones.Drawing on the anti-gravity water transport seen at the mouth edge of the Nepenthes plant,an innovative microchannel with Nepenthes-shaped contours was designed on the rake face to enable controlled lubricant transport.However,the dynamics of lubricant delivery on textured surfaces are not fully understood.This study first analyzed the microstructure and water transport mechanism of Nepenthes to reconstruct a micro-textured surface for controlled lubricant transport.A dynamic model was then developed to describe lubricant transport within open microchannels,with mathematical simulations predicting transport speed and flow distance.To validate this model,diffusion experiments of alumina soybean oil nanolubricant on polycrystalline diamond(PCD)cutting tool surfaces were conducted,showing an average prediction deviation of 5.01%.Compared with the classical Lucas-Washburn model,the new model improved prediction accuracy by 4.72%.Additionally,comparisons were made to examine droplet spreading and non-uniform diffusion on textured surfaces,revealing that the T2 surface exhibited the strongest unidirectional diffusion characteristics.The contact angle ratio,droplet unidirectional spreading ratio,and droplet spreading aspect ratio were 0.48,1.75,and 3.99,respectively.Finally,the anti-wear,friction-reducing,and efficiency-enhancing mechanisms of micro-textured surfaces in minimum quantity lubrication turning were analyzed.This approach may support continuous cutting of difficult-tomachine materials.展开更多
Bionic microfluidics is garnering increasing attention due to the superior fluidic performance enabled by biomimetic microstructures.Inspired by the unique structures of young pumpkin stems,we fabricate helicoidally p...Bionic microfluidics is garnering increasing attention due to the superior fluidic performance enabled by biomimetic microstructures.Inspired by the unique structures of young pumpkin stems,we fabricate helicoidally patterned microchannels with precisely controlled morphologies using the projection micro-stereolithography(PμSL)-based 3D printing technique.Our helicoidally patterned microchannels achieve approximately twice the liquid lifting height compared to similarly sized smooth microchannels.This improvement is attributed to the enhanced capillary force.The additional meniscus formed between the helicoidally patterned microstructures significantly contributes to the increased capillary effects.Furthermore,the underlying mechanisms of fluidic performance in helicoidally patterned microchannels are theorized using a newly developed equation,which is also employed to optimize the geometric parameters and fluidic performance of the biomimetic helicoidal microchannels.Additionally,our biomimetic helicoidally patterned microchannels facilitate a significant step-lifting phenomenon,mimicking tall trees'transpiration.The fluidic performance of our biomimetic helicoidally patterned microchannels show promise for applications in enhanced liquid lifting,step-lifting,clean-water production,and others.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3503902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82430108,82293681(82293680),and 82321004)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515120015 and 2024A1515030103)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2023B0303000026)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(202102070001)。
文摘Natural products,with their remarkable structural and biological diversity,have historically served as a vital bridge between chemistry,the life sciences,and medicine.They not only provide essential scaffolds for drug discovery but also inspire innovative strategies in drug development.The biomimetic synthesis of natural products employs principles from biomimicry,applying inspiration from biogenetic processes to design synthetic strategies that mimic biosynthetic processes.Biomimetic synthesis is a highly efficient approach in synthetic chemistry,as it addresses critical challenges in the synthesis of structurally complex natural products with significant biological and medicinal importance.It has gained widespread attention from researchers in chemistry,biology,pharmacy,and related fields,underscoring its interdisciplinary impact.In this perspective,we present recent advances and challenges in the biomimetic synthesis of natural products,along with the significance and prospects of this field,highlighting the transformative potential of biomimetic synthesis strategies for both chemical and biosynthetic approaches to natural product synthesis in the pursuit of novel therapeutic agents.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant numbers 82374048 and 82174096Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,grant number LZ21H280001.
文摘Atherosclerosis(AS)is a progressive inflammatory disease,and thrombosis most likely leads to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally.Thrombolytic drugs alone cannot completely prevent thrombotic events,and treatments targeting thrombosis also need to regulate the inflammatory process.Based on the dynamic pathological development of AS,biomimetic thrombus-targeted nanoparticles HMTL@PM were prepared.Hirudin and lumbrukinase,effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine,were self-assembled under the action of tannic acid and Mn^(2+).HMTL@PM dissociated in the weakly acidic microenvironment of atherosclerosis and exhibited excellent therapeutic effects,including alleviating inflammation,dissolving thrombus,anticoagulation,and promoting cholesterol efflux.HMTL@PM effectively regulated the progression of AS and provided a newperspective for the development of drug delivery systems for AS therapy,which holds important research significance for reducing the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272297).
文摘Abnormal wound scarring often leads to functional impairments and cosmetic deformities,primarily driven by the prolonged activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Addressing this challenge,we developed a biomimetic scaffold aimed at facilitating rapid and scarless wound healing.This highly in-tegrated 3D-printed dermal scaffold comprised modified recombinant human type III collagen(rhCOLIII-MA),gelatin methacrylate(GelMA),and liposomes encapsulating SB431542 to target TGF-β1(Lip@SB).The rhCOLIII-MA/GelMA(CG)scaffold retained inherent biomaterial characteristics,exhibited tailored physicochemical properties,and demonstrated favorable biocompatibility.Moreover,the Lip@SB-loaded CG scaffold(CGL)effectively promoted in vitro wound healing,while enabling controlled release of SB431542 to inhibit pathological collagen deposition.In a full-thickness skin defect rat model,the CGL dermal scaffold combined with split-thickness skin graft(STSG)minimized scar contraction,stimulated functional neovascularization,and enhanced graft aesthetics comparable to normal skin.Remarkably,the performance of the CGL scaffold surpassed that of commercially available anti-scarring alternatives.This innovative strategy presents a straightforward approach toward scarless skin regeneration and holds promise in alleviating the prolonged,painful postoperative rehabilitation.
基金research project funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 91948302 and Grant 52021003Research England fund at NERIC.
文摘This paper endeavours to bridge the existing gap in muscular actuator design for ligament-skeletal-inspired robots,thereby fostering the evolution of these robotic systems.We introduce two novel compliant actuators,namely the Internal Torsion Spring Compliant Actuator(ICA)and the External Spring Compliant Actuator(ECA),and present a comparative analysis against the previously conceived Magnet Integrated Soft Actuator(MISA)through computational and experimental results.These actuators,employing a motor-tendon system,emulate biological muscle-like forms,enhancing artificial muscle technology.Then,applications of the proposed actuators in a robotic arm inspired by the human musculoskeletal system are presented.Experiments demonstrate satisfactory power in tasks like lifting dumbbells(peak power:36 W),playing table tennis(end-effector speed:3.2 m/s),and door opening,without compromising biomimetic aesthetics.Compared to other linear stiffness serial elastic actuators(SEAs),ECA and ICA exhibit high power-to-volume(361×10^(3)W/m^(3))and power-to-mass(111.6 W/kg)ratios respectively,endorsing the biomimetic design’s promise in robotic development.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52305236)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Reducing the resistance of vehicles,ships,aircraft and other means of transport during movement can significantly improve the speed,save energy and reduce emissions.After billions of years of continuous evolution,organisms in nature have gradually developed the ability to move at high speed to achieve better survival.These evolved organisms provide a perfect template for the human development of drag reduction materials.Revealing the unique physiological structural characteristics of organisms and their relationship with resistance during movement can provide a feasible approach tosolving the problem of reducing friction resistance.Whether flying in the sky,running on the ground,swimming in the water,or even living in the soil,many creatures in various environments have the ability to reduce resistance.Driven by these inspirations,researchers have done a lot of work to explore and imitate these biological epidermis structures to achieve drag reduction.In this paper,the biomimetic drag reduction materials is introduced in detail in the order of drag reduction mechanism,structural characteristics of biological epidermis(including marine animals,flying animals,soil animals and plants),biomimetic preparation methods,performance testing methods and application fields.Finally,the potential of various biomimetic drag reduction materials in engineering application and the problems to be overcome are summarized and prospected.This paper can help readers comprehensively understand the research progress of biomimetic drag reduction materials,and provide reference for further designing the next generation of drag reduction materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81802709)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.ZR2023MH230,ZR2023MH096)+1 种基金the Shandong Provincial Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Funded SchemePlan of Young Scholars of Shandong University。
文摘Immunotherapy offers significant potential but is often hampered by the immunosuppressive environment in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).To address this,we propose an enhanced immunotherapeutic strategy that revitalizes the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)in OSCC by integrating upconversion-based photodynamic therapy(PDT)with chemotherapy.Using a red blood cell membraneinspired biomimetic nanoplatform,our approach concurrently delivers chlorin e6@upconversion nanoparticles(Ce6@UCNP)and doxorubicin(DOX).By leveraging fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)for 980 nm to 660 nm upconversion excitation,we address challenges such as limited tissue penetration and tissue damage,as well as nanoplatform issues including immunogenicity and targeting inaccuracy Our integrated approach enhances PDT and chemotherapy with the goal of transforming immunologically“cold”tumors into“hot”ones through a cascaded therapy,thereby revitalizing the tumor immune microenvironment in OSCC.
基金supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21920102003)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B0303070002)the National Key R&D Program“Strategic Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation”Key Project(No.2022YFE0203600).
文摘Two novel skeleton sesquiterpenoids(1 and 6),along with four new iphionane-type sesquiterpenes(2−5)and six new cyperane-type sesquiterpenes(7−11),were isolated from the whole plant of Artemisia hedinii(A.hedinii).The two novel skeleton compounds(1 and 6)were derived from the decarbonization of iphionane and cyperane-type sesquiterpenes,respectively.Their structures were elucidated through a comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data,including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS)and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectra.The absolute configurations were determined using electronic circular dichroism(ECD)spectra,single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses,time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)ECD calculation,density functional theory(DFT)NMR calculations,and biomimetic syntheses.The biomimetic syntheses of the two novel skeletons(1 and 6)were inspired by potential biogenetic pathways,utilizing a predominant eudesmane-type sesquiterpene(A)in A.hedinii as the substrate.All compounds were evaluated in LX-2 cells for their anti-hepatic fibrosis activity.Compounds 2,8,and 10 exhibited significant activity in downregulating the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),a protein involved in hepatic fibrosis.
文摘Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,technological advances in this field and immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized the treatment of HGGs and BM.Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors,CAR-T targeting,oncolytic virus-based therapy,bispecific antibody treatment,and vaccination approaches,etc.,are emerging as promising avenues offering new hope in refining patient’s survival benefits.However,selective trafficking across the blood-brain barrier(BBB),immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),metabolic alteration,and tumor heterogeneity limit the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for HGGs and BM.Furthermore,to address this concern,the NanoBioTechnology-based bioinspired delivery system has been gaining tremendous attention in recent years.With technological advances such as Trojan horse targeting and infusing/camouflaging nanoparticles surface with biological molecules/cells like immunocytes,erythrocytes,platelets,glioma cell lysate and/or integrating these strategies to get hybrid membrane for homotypic recognition.These biomimetic nanotherapy offers advantages over conventional nanoparticles,focusing on greater target specificity,increased circulation stability,higher active loading capacity,BBB permeability(inherent inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils),decreased immunogenicity,efficient metabolism-based combinatorial effects,and prevention of tumor recurrence by induction of immunological memory,etc.provide new age of improved immunotherapies outcomes against HGGs and BM.In this review,we emphasize on neuro-immunotherapy and the versatility of these biomimetic nano-delivery strategies for precise targeting of hard-to-treat andmost lethal HGGs and BM.Moreover,the challenges impeding the clinical translatability of these approaches were addressed to unmet medical needs of brain cancers.
基金supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation(NRFCRP26-2021-0003,NRF),for research conducted at the National University of Singaporethe support by the ARTIC(ADT-RP2-Low Loss and Tunable Ferroelectrics for Sub-6G Applications).
文摘Sodium-ion-based electrochromic device(SECD)has been identified as an appealing cost-effective alternative of lithium-based counterparts,only if it can address the challenges in association with the inadequate electrochromic performance.In this regard,the quantized strategy is a particularly promising approach owing to the large surface-to-volume ratio and high reaction activity.However,quantum dots inevitably suffer from volume changes and undesired aggregation during electrochemical cycling.Herein,bioinspired from the robust connection of alveoli in lung,we propose a stable electrode,where WO_(3) quantum dots(WQDs)are robustly anchored on Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene through the strong chemical bonds of W-O-Ti.Theoretical results reveal the fundamental mechanism of the volume changes within WQDs and the dynamic diffusion process of sodium ions.The WQD@MXene electrodes exhibit a nearly twofold enhancement in cycling performance(1000 vs 500 cycles),coloration speed(3.2 vs 6.0 s),and areal capacity(87.5 vs 43.9 mAhm^(-2) at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)),compared to those of the pristine WQD electrode.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,a smart house system integrated with SECDs demonstrates a“3-in-1”device,enabling a combination of energy-saving,energy storage,and display functionalities.The present work significantly advances the versatile applications of cost-effective electrochromic electronics in interdisciplinary.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0107700)the Joint Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20523)the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(8247092827).
文摘Osteochondral defects involving both articular cartilage and subchondral bone remain challenging in clinical treatment.Inspired by the zonal organization of native osteochondral tissue and the sophisticated architecture of articular cavity,we designed a biomimetic bilayer scaffold system using 3D printing technology.The scaffold recreates the natural structural and mechanical gradients of the osteochondral interface,featuring a gradient transition from cartilage to bone phase.To enhance the bio-functionality of this biomimetic design,we incorporated the small molecule Kartogenin(KGN),which has shown promising potential in cartilage regeneration by promoting chondrogenic differentiation and inhibiting cartilage degeneration.However,the reparative efficacy of KGN is highly concentration-dependent,and the optimal concentration within complex three-dimensional scaffold environments remains unclear.Through both in vitro and in vivo evaluations of this bio-inspired scaffold system loaded with varying KGN concentrations,we identified that 5μM KGN(SCS@K5)achieved optimal outcomes.At 12 weeks,the SCS@K5 treatment resulted in better organized osteochondral tissue with improved interface integration relative to other groups.This biomimetic gradient design incorporating KGN release offers a viable approach for osteochondral defect repair.
文摘Directed degradation of abundant renewable lignin into small aromatic compounds is crucial for lignin valorization but challenging.The degradation of lignin in natural environments typically involves multienzyme synergy.However,the proteinaceous characteristics of lignin-degrading enzymes restrict their accessibility to certain regions of intricate lignin,resulting in the multienzyme systems being unable to fully demonstrate their effectiveness.Herein,a de novo biomimetic enzyme-nanozyme hybrid system was constructed by combiningλ-MnO_(2) nanozyme with laccase CotA from Bacillus subtilis,aimed at facilitating lignin degradation under mild conditions.The lignin degradation rate of the CotA+λ-MnO_(2) hybrid system was determined to be 25.15%,which was much higher than those of the lignin degradation systems with only laccase CotA(15.32%)orλ-MnO_(2) nanozyme(14.90%).Notably,the proportion of aromatic chemicals in the products derived from the hybrid system reached as much as 48%,which was 41.2%and 118.2%higher than those of the CotA-andλ-MnO_(2)-catalyzed systems,respectively.Analysis of products mapping and lignin structure changes suggested that the higher proportion of aromatic compounds in the CotA+λ-MnO_(2)hybrid system was more likely to benefit from the laccase-mediated methoxylation.Moreover,electron paramagnetic resonance analysis indicated that the intensity and kind of free radicals such as·OH and·O_(2)^(-)are closely linked to the degradation rate and reaction type.This work is the inaugural application of an enzyme-nanozyme hybrid system for lignin degradation,demonstrating the potential of the synergistic interaction between enzyme and nanozyme in the directed degradation of lignin.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52205481,52305477)Outstanding Youth Innovation Team in Universities of Shandong Province(Grant No.2023KJ114)+2 种基金Qingdao Science and Technology Planning Park Cultivation Plan(Grant No.23-1-5-yqpy-17-qy)Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong(Grant No.SDAST2024QTA043)Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control(Ministry of Education)(Grant No.CK-2024-0033)。
文摘Microgrinding is widely used in clinical bone surgery,but saline spray cooling faces technical challenges such as low wettability at the microgrinding tool–bone interface,easy clogging of the microgrinding tools,and high grinding temperatures.These issues can lead to bone necrosis,irreversible thermal damage to nerves,or even surgical failure.Inspired by the water-trapping and directional transportation abilities of desert beetles,this study proposes a biomimetic desert beetle microgrinding tool.The flow-field distribution directly influences the convective heat transfer of the cooling medium in the grinding zone,which in turn affects the grinding temperature.To address this,a mathematical model of the two-phase flow field at the biomimetic microgrinding tool–bone interface is developed.The results indicate an average error of 14.74%between the calculated and experimentally obtained airflow field velocities.Next,a biomimetic desert beetle microgrinding tool is prepared.Experiments with physiological saline spray cooling were conducted on fresh bovine femur bone,which has mechanical properties similar to human bone.Results show that,compared with conventional microgrinding tools,the biomimetic tools reduced bone surface temperature by 21.7%,13.2%,5.8%,20.3%,and 25.8%at particle sizes of 150#,200#,240#,270#,and 300#,respectively.The surface morphology of the biomimetic microgrinding tools after grinding is observed and analyzed,revealing a maximum clogging area reduction of 23.0%,which is 6.1%,6.0%,10.0%,15.6%,and 9.5%less than that observed with conventional tools.Finally,this study unveils the dynamic mechanism of cooling medium transfer in the flow field at the biomimetic microgrinding tool–bone interface.This research provides theoretical guidance and technical support for clinical bone resection surgery.
文摘This article systematically reviews the application of biomimetic nanotechnology in targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).TNBC poses significant challenges for conventional treatments due to the lack of defined therapeutic targets,chemotherapy resistance,and a complex immunosuppressive microenvironment.Biomimetic nanotechnology,by mimicking the functional properties of biological structures(e.g.,cell membranes,exosomes),has significantly enhanced drug delivery efficiency,targeting precision,and anti-tumor immune responses.This review focuses on the design strategies of biomimetic nanocarriers(including cell membrane-coated nanoparticles,engineered exosomes,and biomimetic synthetic materials)and their innovative applications in TNBC therapy:(1)Targeted delivery systems that overcome tumor barriers and reduce systemic toxicity;(2)Photothermal therapy combined with immunomodulation for precise treatment and immune activation;(3)Tumor microenvironment regulation(e.g.,vascular normalization,pH neutralization,immunosuppression reversal).Studies demonstrate that biomimetic nanotechnology significantly improves TNBC treatment efficacy through multimodal synergistic mechanisms(e.g.,chemo-photothermal-immunotherapy).However,challenges such as scalable production,long-term safety,and personalized adaptation remain for clinical translation.Future research should integrate artificial intelligence for optimized design and dynamic imaging technologies to advance biomimetic nanomedicines toward clinical applications.
基金financial support of Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022B1515020095)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52073140)。
文摘Deprivation of glucose and lactate provides an effective pathway to terminate the nutrients supplement for tumor growth.In this work,biomimetic nanozymes called m@BGLC are constructed for catalytic tumor inhibition through nutrients deprivation and oxidative damage induction.Concretely,the catalytic enzymes of glucose oxidase(GOx),lactate oxidase(LOx)and chloroperoxidase(CPO)are precrosslinked with bovine serum albumin(BSA)to construct nanozymes,which are then biomimetic functionalized with cancer cell membrane to prepare m@BGLC.Benefiting from the biomimetic camouflage with homologous cell membrane,m@BGLC inherit homotypic binding and immune escape abilities,facilitating the tumor targeting accumulation and preferable cell internalization for improved drug delivery efficiency.Subsequently,under the cascade catalysis of nanozymes,m@BGLC consume glucose and lactate for tumor starvation therapy through nutrients deprivation,and meanwhile,the resulting hyprochloric acid(HClO)causes an oxidative damage of cells to synergistically inhibit tumor growth.In vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate a robust tumor eradication effect of m@BGLC without obvious adverse reactions via the targeted combination therapy.Such cascade catalytic nanomedicine may inspire the development of sophisticated strategies for tumor combination therapy under unfavorable tumor microenvironments.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22179005,92372207。
文摘Lithium metal anode is one of the ideal anode materials for the next generation of high-energy-density battery systems.Unfortunately,the uneven nucleation of Li leads to dendrite growth and volume changes during cycling,resulting in poor electrochemical performance and potential safety hazards,which hinder its practical application.In this work,a low-cost chicken-bonederived carbon material(CBC)with a biomimetic structure was designed and synthesized using a simple one-step carbonization method.Combining theoretical calculations and experimental results,the self-doped N and S heteroatoms in CBC are demonstrated to effectively reduce the binding energy with Li atoms and lower the nucleation overpotential.After uniform nucleation,the Li metal grows in a spherical shape without dendrites,which is related to the reduction of the local current density inside the biomimetic crosslinking structure of CBC.Benefiting from this favorable Li growth behavior,the Li@CBC electrode achieves ultra-low nucleation overpotential(15.5 mV at 0.1 mA cm^(−2))and superdense lithium deposition(zero volume expansion rate at a capacity of 2 mAh cm^(−2))without introducing additional lithiophilic sites.The CBC retains a high Coulombic efficiency of over 98%in 479 cycles(1 mA cm^(−2)and 1 mAh cm^(−2))when applied in a half-cell with Li,and shows an excellent rate and cycling performance when applied in a full cell with LiFePO4 as the cathode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 52225306,52090034,52461160302,52550003,2231300,and 22405134)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grants 2022YFB3807103 and 2022YFA1203304)+5 种基金the Frontiers Science Center for Table Organic Matter,Nankai University(Grant 63181206)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant 63171219)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project(Grant J230023)the Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Tackling Program(Grant 202423i08050057)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program(Grant 22JCYBJC01260)the Tianjin Basic Application Research Project(Grant 22JCYBJC01260).
文摘Polymeric materials research is increasingly directed toward biomimicry,exploring designs derived from nature's long evolutionary processes to enhance material properties and sustainability.Scientists have long recognized that spider silk,as a natural polymer,possesses exceptional physicochemical properties,including high tensile strength,superior toughness,good thermal conductivity,ultracontraction,and unique torsional rotation driving capabilities.These remarkable characteristics have inspired ongoing efforts to develop biomimetic spider silk materials,with the aim of replicating the natural structure of spider silk to create polymers with similar or even superior performance.This article aims to explore the synthesis methods of highperformance biomimetic polymer materials,such as artificial spider silk,and their advanced applications across various fields.The review will discuss recent advances in the synthesis of novel artificial spider silk materials,focusing on polymer molecular design,the construction of secondary cross-linked networks,micro-nano assembly structure,and the development of innovative spinning techniques,as well as the potential of artificial spider silk in biomedical and flexible smart wearable applications.
文摘The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer therapy,and bioimaging.Nature has evolved efficient light-harvesting systems and energy conversion mechanisms,which serve as a benchmark for researchers.However,reproducing such complexity and harnessing it for biomedical applications is a daunting task.It requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological processes and the ability to replicate them synthetically.By utilizing light energy,these photocatalysts can trigger specific chemical reactions,leading to targeted drug release,enhanced tissue regeneration,and precise imaging of biological structures.In this context,addressing the stability,long-term performance,scalability,and costeffectiveness of these materials is crucial for their widespread implementation in biomedical applications.While challenges such as complexity and stability persist,their advantages such as targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine make them a fascinating area of research.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of existing research,highlighting the advancements,current challenges,advantages,limitations,and future prospects of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts in biomedicine.
基金supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(No.52171146)the HFIPS Director's Fund(No.BJPY2023A08)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2108085ME145).
文摘Because of the large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) (23 ppm K^(–1)), aluminum faces challenges in meeting the demands of high dimensional stability in precision instruments, microelectronics, and aerospace. Filling negative thermal expansion (NTE) particles into aluminum can create composites with either zero or low CTEs. However, the resulting composites usually have poor thermal conductivity due to their monolithic configuration, i.e., the NTE particles are filled randomly. Thus, heat sinks should be equipped to assist their usage (e.g., in thermal management). This in turn causes strong thermal stress in the packaging system owing to the high contrast in the CTEs between those monolithic composites and heat sinks typically made of copper or aluminum. Here, we propose a gradient configuration for low-CTE aluminum composite, inspired by the bamboo structure. The gradient distribution of NTE particles (Zn_(0.5)Sn_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)NMn_(3), ZSM) was obtained by laying up several layers of ZSM/Al with the ZSM fraction ranging from 0 to 28 vol.%. In the gradient composite, the CTE near room temperature varies from 3.4 pm K^(–1) on one side to 21 ppm K^(–1) on the other side. Such a gradient CTE distribution would facilitate the low-thermal-stress designs and thus help stabilize the dimension of a precision system. Furthermore, this composite has a high thermal conductivity of 130 W m^(–1) K^(–1) and strong toughness when the flexural loading is applied on the 28 vol.% ZSM/Al side. Our research provides a novel approach to designing metallic matrix composites with unprecedented performance.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52375447,52305477 and 52105457)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZR2023QE057,ZR2024QE100 and ZR2024ME255)+2 种基金Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology Planning Park Cultivation Plan(Grant No.23-1-5-yqpy-17-qy)the Science and Technology SMEs Innovation Capacity Improvement Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.2022TSGC1115)the Special Fund of Taishan Scholars Project。
文摘During the metal cutting process,especially in continuous contact conditions like turning,the challenge of lubricants failing to effectively reach the cutting point remains unresolved.Micro-textured cutting tools offer a potential solution for tool-chip contact challenges.Inspired by the evolutionary achievements of the biosphere,micro-textures are expected to overcome lubrication limitations in cutting zones.Drawing on the anti-gravity water transport seen at the mouth edge of the Nepenthes plant,an innovative microchannel with Nepenthes-shaped contours was designed on the rake face to enable controlled lubricant transport.However,the dynamics of lubricant delivery on textured surfaces are not fully understood.This study first analyzed the microstructure and water transport mechanism of Nepenthes to reconstruct a micro-textured surface for controlled lubricant transport.A dynamic model was then developed to describe lubricant transport within open microchannels,with mathematical simulations predicting transport speed and flow distance.To validate this model,diffusion experiments of alumina soybean oil nanolubricant on polycrystalline diamond(PCD)cutting tool surfaces were conducted,showing an average prediction deviation of 5.01%.Compared with the classical Lucas-Washburn model,the new model improved prediction accuracy by 4.72%.Additionally,comparisons were made to examine droplet spreading and non-uniform diffusion on textured surfaces,revealing that the T2 surface exhibited the strongest unidirectional diffusion characteristics.The contact angle ratio,droplet unidirectional spreading ratio,and droplet spreading aspect ratio were 0.48,1.75,and 3.99,respectively.Finally,the anti-wear,friction-reducing,and efficiency-enhancing mechanisms of micro-textured surfaces in minimum quantity lubrication turning were analyzed.This approach may support continuous cutting of difficult-tomachine materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grant Nos.52495000,52332012 and 52176093partially supported by Beijing Huiyangdao Health Technology Co.,Ltd。
文摘Bionic microfluidics is garnering increasing attention due to the superior fluidic performance enabled by biomimetic microstructures.Inspired by the unique structures of young pumpkin stems,we fabricate helicoidally patterned microchannels with precisely controlled morphologies using the projection micro-stereolithography(PμSL)-based 3D printing technique.Our helicoidally patterned microchannels achieve approximately twice the liquid lifting height compared to similarly sized smooth microchannels.This improvement is attributed to the enhanced capillary force.The additional meniscus formed between the helicoidally patterned microstructures significantly contributes to the increased capillary effects.Furthermore,the underlying mechanisms of fluidic performance in helicoidally patterned microchannels are theorized using a newly developed equation,which is also employed to optimize the geometric parameters and fluidic performance of the biomimetic helicoidal microchannels.Additionally,our biomimetic helicoidally patterned microchannels facilitate a significant step-lifting phenomenon,mimicking tall trees'transpiration.The fluidic performance of our biomimetic helicoidally patterned microchannels show promise for applications in enhanced liquid lifting,step-lifting,clean-water production,and others.
