In order to obtain bioelectrical impedance electrodes with high stability, the chemical etching process was used to fabricate the copper electrode with a series of surface microstructures. By changing the etching proc...In order to obtain bioelectrical impedance electrodes with high stability, the chemical etching process was used to fabricate the copper electrode with a series of surface microstructures. By changing the etching processing parameters, some comparison experiments were performed to reveal the influence of etching time, etching temperature, etching liquid concentration, and sample sizes on the etching rate and surface microstructures of copper electrode. The result shows that the etching rate is decreased with increasing etching time, and is increased with increasing etching temperature. Moreover, it is found that the sample size has little influence on the etching rate. After choosing the reasonable etching liquid composition （formulation 3）, the copper electrode with many surface microstructures can be obtained by chemical etching process at room temperature for 20 rain. In addition, using the alternating current impedance test of electrode-electrode for 24 h, the copper electrode with a series of surface microstructures fabricated by the etching process presents a more stable impedance value compared with the electrocardiograph （ECG） electrode, resulting from the reliable surface contact of copper electrode-electrode.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of the phase angle(PA)obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)for mortality prediction in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS In total,134 male cirrhotic patients prospectiv...AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of the phase angle(PA)obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)for mortality prediction in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS In total,134 male cirrhotic patients prospectively completed clinical evaluations and nutritional assessment by BIA to obtain PAs during a 36-mo follow-up period.Mortality risk was analyzed by applying the PA cutoff point recently proposed as a malnutrition marker(PA≤4.9°)in Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models.RESULTS The patients were divided into two groups according to the PA cutoff value(PA>4.9°,n=73;PA≤4.9°,n=61).Weight,height,and body mass index were similar in both groups,but patients with PAs>4.9°were younger and had higher mid-arm muscle circumference,albumin,and handgrip-strength values and lower severe ascites and encephalopathy incidences,interleukin(IL)-6/IL-10 ratios and C-reactive protein levels than did patients with PAs≤4.9°(P≤0.05).Forty-eight(35.80%)patients died due to cirrhosis,with a median of 18 mo(interquartile range,3.3-25.6 mo)follow-up until death.Thirty-one(64.60%)of these patients were from the PA≤4.9°group.PA≤4.9°significantly and independently affected the mortality model adjusted for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score and age(hazard ratio=2.05,95%CI:1.11-3.77,P=0.021).In addition,Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with PAs≤4.9°were significantly more likely to die.CONCLUSION In male patients with cirrhosis,the PA≤4.9°cutoff was associated independently with mortality and identified patients with worse metabolic,nutritional,and disease progression profiles.The PA may be a useful and reliable bedside tool to evaluate prognosis in cirrhosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Malnutrition in cirrhotic patients is correlated with mortality and a better response to liver transplantation.However,recovery of the nutritional status in these patients is a challenge due to the difficul...BACKGROUND Malnutrition in cirrhotic patients is correlated with mortality and a better response to liver transplantation.However,recovery of the nutritional status in these patients is a challenge due to the difficulty in establishing a reliable nutritional diagnosis.The bioelectrical impedance vector analysis(BIVA)method appears as a feasible tool in clinical practice to define the physiological state of cirrhotic patients by assessing hydration and body cellularity.AIM To evaluate body composition in cirrhotic patients using BIVA.METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by following cirrhotic outpatients at a hospital in Porto Alegre,Brazil.A tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis device was used to evaluate cellularity and hydration and to perform the BIVA.The BIVA graphic was elaborated by software and for statistical analysis a significance level of 5%(P≤0.05)was considered.RESULTS One hundred and ninety patients,61.1%males,with a mean age of 56.6±11.0 years,were evaluated.Of these,56.3%had Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)A score,and the prevalent etiology was hepatitis C virus(47.4%).The patients were classified according to cellularity and hydration by the quadrants and ellipses of the BIVA method,quadrant 1(47.9%);quadrant 2(18.9%);quadrant 3(14.2%);and quadrant 4(18.9%).Those classified in quadrant 1 and 2 had a higher phase angle compared to those in quadrants 3 and 4(P<0.001).Quadrant 2 patients had a lower average age than the other groups.The association with CTP score showed that patients in quadrant 2 had a higher proportion of CTP A,and those in quadrant 4 had a higher proportion of CTP C(P<0.052).CONCLUSION The BIVA method allows identification of the cellularity and hydration status of cirrhotic patients,and its association with clinical factors determines the disease severity,age and prognostic index.展开更多
Background:Fluid overload(FO)after resuscitation is frequent and contributes to adverse outcomes among postinjury open abdomen(OA)patients.Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)is a promising tool for monitoring fluid ...Background:Fluid overload(FO)after resuscitation is frequent and contributes to adverse outcomes among postinjury open abdomen(OA)patients.Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)is a promising tool for monitoring fluid status and FO.Therefore,we sought to investigate the efficacy of BIA-directed fluid resuscitation among OA patients.Methods:A pragmatic,prospective,randomized,observer-blind,single-center trial was performed for all trauma patients requiring OA between January 2013 and December 2017 to a national referral center.A total of 140 postinjury OA patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a BIA-directed fluid resuscitation(defined as BIA)protocol that included fluid administration with monitoring of hemodynamic parameters and different degrees of interventions to achieve a negative fluid balance targeting the hydration level(HL)measured by BIA or a traditional fluid resuscitation(TRD)in which clinicians determined the fluid resuscitation regimen according to traditional parameters during 30 d of intensive care unit(ICU)management.The primary outcome was the 30-day primary fascial closure(PFC)rate.The secondary outcomes included the time to PFC,postoperative 7-day cumulative fluid balance(CFB)and adverse events within 30 d after OA.The Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test were utilized for PFC after OA.A generalized linear regression model for the time to PFC and CFB was built.Results:A total of 134 patients completed the trial(BIA,n=66;TRD,n=68).The BIA patients were significantly more likely to achieve PFC than the TRD patients(83.33%vs.55.88%,P<0.001).In the BIA group,the time to PFC occurred earlier than that of the TRD group by an average of 3.66 d(P<0.001).Additionally,the BIA group showed a lower postoperative 7-day CFB by an average of 6632.80 ml(P<0.001)and fewer complications.Conclusions:Among postinjury OA patients in the ICU,the use of BIA-guided fluid resuscitation resulted in a higher PFC rate and fewer severe complications than the traditional fluid resuscitation strategy.展开更多
To evaluate the relationship between measures of body composition in obese adolescents by the methods of bioelectrical impedance analysis, deuterium oxide dilution and anthropometric measures, proposing an equation. T...To evaluate the relationship between measures of body composition in obese adolescents by the methods of bioelectrical impedance analysis, deuterium oxide dilution and anthropometric measures, proposing an equation. The variables were weight, height, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, waist and arm muscle circumference, lean body mass, fat mass and total body water by bioelectrical impedance and deuterium oxide dilution methods. The study included 40 obese adolescents, 45% male, age distribution was 2.42 ± 1.19 years and females 55%, and the predominant age was 12.61 ± 1.78. Linear regression equations were developed, capable of predicting body composition from information supplied by the method of deuterium oxide dilution (gold standard), bioelectrical impedance and anthropometry. The variables gender, age, height, arm circumference, triceps and suprailiac skin fold thickness, resistance and reactance were used to estimate lean body mass, fat mass and total body water by the method of deuterium and significantly correlated with variables, resistance, reactance, sex and total body water (TBW) by bioimpedance method. Among the equations developed, five were suitable for this sample, therefore, it is suggested that more studies should be done to test the applicability of the equations in other samples so that we can validate the equations encountered in obese adolescents.展开更多
Objective Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)is used to measure a patient's body composition.The phase angle(PA),the major parameter in BIA,is one of the most sensitive indicators of malnutrition.The aim of the ...Objective Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)is used to measure a patient's body composition.The phase angle(PA),the major parameter in BIA,is one of the most sensitive indicators of malnutrition.The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the PA can be used to predict survival in lung cancer patients.Methods One hundred sixty-six lung cancer patients were prospectively included from January 2014 to August 2016 in Daping Hospital.Anthropometric measurements,hematological values,the nutritional risk screening(NRS 2002)score,patient generated-subjective global assessment(PG-SGA)score,Karnofsky performance status(KPS)scale,European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire(EORTC QLQ C-30)score,and BIA were investigated within 48 hours after admission to the hospital.A Spearman correlation analysis was applied to test the correlations between the study characteristics and PA.A Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were conducted to analyze the association between the overall survival(OS)and PA.Results The mean age for all patients was 63 years old(42 females and 124 males).The median PA was 5.5°(4.70°,6.23°).The PA was positively associated with the body mass index,hand grip strength,mid-arm circumference,mid-arm muscle circumference,albumin,prealbumin,C-reactive protein,red blood cells,hemoglobin and KPS score.The PG-SGA scores,QLQ-C30 score,and NRS2002 score showed a significant negative association with the PA.According to a multivariate analysis,the PA(HR=0.47;95%CI:0.27-0.81)was independent predictor of the lung cancer patients'long-term OS.Patients with a higher PA(≥5°)had better overall survival(median=426 days)compared to those with a lower PA(<5°)(median=96 days)based on the one-year follow-up data(P<0.0001).Conclusions These studies indicate that the PA is a sensitive and early indicator to predict survival in lung cancer patients.展开更多
Microneedle electrodes acquire bioelectrical signals by measuring the potential difference generated through active cells.The common bioelectrical signals include electroencephalographic,electromyographic,and electroc...Microneedle electrodes acquire bioelectrical signals by measuring the potential difference generated through active cells.The common bioelectrical signals include electroencephalographic,electromyographic,and electrocardiographic signals,which have been extensively utilized across medical,neuroscience,and bioengineering domains.Microneedle electrodes,as invasive dry electrodes minimal penetrating the stratum corneum without reaching the dermis,effectively mitigate the impedance of the electrode-skin interface without requiring conductive gel,thus accommodating the requirements of long-term and high-precision measurements.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the electrode materials,fabrication methods,performance evaluation,and applications of microneedle electrodes for bioelectrical signal acquisition.Special emphasis is placed on the development of materials used in the fabrication of microneedle electrodes.Additionally,we discuss the challenges related to material selection and performance testing,offering insights into future trends in this field.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of phase angle based on bioelectrical impedance method in senile sarcopenia. Methods: Clinical data from patients aged 60 and above who received treatment in our hospital...Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of phase angle based on bioelectrical impedance method in senile sarcopenia. Methods: Clinical data from patients aged 60 and above who received treatment in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. A total of 214 cases were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of sarcopenia. The baseline data of the two groups were compared, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent risk factors of sarcopenia in the elderly. Additionally, the diagnostic effect of phase angle on sarcopenia in the elderly was assessed using the ROC curve analysis. Results: A total of 214 cases were included, of which 103patients(48.131%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia, while the remaining 111 patients(51.869%) with non-sarcopenia. The results showed that the age of sarcopenia group was significantly higher than that of non-sarcopenia group(P<0.05). Additionally, total body moisture, protein, inorganic salts, body fat, phase angle, skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength and 6-m pace were significantly lower in sarcopenia group than those in non-sarcopenia group(P<0.05). Correlation and regression analyses identified phase angle, BMI, total body moisture, and body fat as independent risk factors for sarcopenia in the elderly(OR >1). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under AUC for the phase angle, BMI, total body moisture, and body fat AUC were 0.762,0.650, 0.685, and 0.660, respectively. The highest combined diagnostic AUC was 0.865,indicating that the combined diagnosis had a better diagnostic effect on sarcopenia in the elderly. Conclusion: Phase angle serves as an effective index for detecting sarcopenia in the elderly, which can effectively evaluate muscle mass and muscle strength. It suggests that phase angle as an easy-to-monitor indicator is conductive to a more accurate and convenient diagnosis of sarcopenia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Morphomics,a computed tomography-based body composition assessment,helps predicting esophageal cancer outcomes,but its link to bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)and functional assessments such as hand gr...BACKGROUND Morphomics,a computed tomography-based body composition assessment,helps predicting esophageal cancer outcomes,but its link to bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)and functional assessments such as hand grip strength(HGS)and cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)remains unclear.AIM To investigate correlations between morphomics and BIA,HGS,CPET,and assess its ability to predict low cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF).METHODS Fifty esophageal cancer patients underwent multi-level morphomics,BIA,HGS,and CPET.Correlations were analyzed using heatmaps and scatter plots,and logistic regression assessed morphomic predictive value for low CRF.RESULTS T11 is the only level with complete morphomic data,making it the most applicable.To ensure reliability,T11 and its adjacent levels,T10-12,were included in the subsequent analysis.Dorsal muscle group volume from T10-12 morphomics all correlated positively with BIA muscle components(r=0.56-0.68,all P<0.001),HGS(r=0.4-0.48,all P<0.001),and CPET variables(r=0.43-0.51,all P<0.001).Subcutaneous fat area and visceral fat area from morphomics correlated with body fat percentage(r=0.58-0.67,all P<0.001)and negatively with CPET parameters(r=-0.33 to-0.52,all P<0.05).Morphomics also showed potential in identifying low CRF,with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.778.CONCLUSION T11 morphomics shows strong correlation with BIA,HGS,and CPET,and may serve as a practical tool for preoperative risk assessment in esophageal cancer patients.展开更多
Moisture content of corn directly affects its quality and storage time,and the rapid on-line detection of the moisture content of corn ears not threshed or in vivo in the fields is required.Because of the special shap...Moisture content of corn directly affects its quality and storage time,and the rapid on-line detection of the moisture content of corn ears not threshed or in vivo in the fields is required.Because of the special shape of corn ear,the rapid,low cost and non-destructive bioelectrical impedance measurement is more suitable for its moisture content detection.Using the four-electrode method with the Agilent E4980A precision LCR meter,the electrical impedance spectroscopies of the sweet corn ears and waxy corn ears at different moisture contents were acquired.The frequency range of the detection was from 20 Hz to 2 MHz and to enhance the contact,the attached-type electrodes were wrapped in cotton soaked with 0.1%NaCl solution.The impedance data over the frequency range from 300 Hz to 5 kHz were used to obtain the parameters of the bio-impedance Cole-Cole model.The results showed a good linear correlation(coefficient of determination R2=0.960)between the equivalent parallel resistance R∞of sweet corn ear and the moisture content value determined by standard chemical method.The research proved that the bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy can be used for detecting the moisture content of corn ear.展开更多
The slow regenerating rate and misdirected axonal growth are primary concerns that disturb the curative outcome of peripheral nerve repair.Biophysical intervention through nerve scaffolds can provide efficient,tunable...The slow regenerating rate and misdirected axonal growth are primary concerns that disturb the curative outcome of peripheral nerve repair.Biophysical intervention through nerve scaffolds can provide efficient,tunable and sustainable guidance for nerve regrowth.Herein,we fabricate the reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffold characterized with anisotropic microfibers and oriented nanogrooves by electrospinning technique.Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)are seeded on the scaffolds in vitro and the viability,neural differentiation efficiency and neurotrophic potential are investigated.RGO/PCL conduits reprogram the phenotype of seeded cells and efficiently repair 15 mm sciatic nerve defect in rats.In summary,biophysical cues on nerve scaffolds are key determinants to stem cell phenotype,and ADSC-seeded rGO/PCL oriented scaffolds are promising,controllable and sustainable approaches to enable peripheral nerve regeneration.展开更多
Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are promising for realizing wastewater remediation and electricity co-generation,which may significantly promote the formation of an environmentally friendly,clean energy society.Unfortunatel...Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are promising for realizing wastewater remediation and electricity co-generation,which may significantly promote the formation of an environmentally friendly,clean energy society.Unfortunately,most of the available MFCs show relatively low electricity generation.Anodes,the major component of MFCs,play the most critical role in electron transfer and organic decomposition,which directly determine the performance of MFCs.In the past decades,various carbonaceous materials and carbon-supported conductive composites have been extensively exploited to optimize the electron transfer on the anode due to their versatile properties,such as large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity.The development of anode materials with a particular structure and performance to satisfy field-scale long-term operation of MFCs remains a huge research challenge,which attracts great attention and urgently needs in-depth exploration of the material engineering of anodes for MFCs.In this review,recent advances in the development and optimization of anodes for MFCs are summarized,and applications of MFCs with advanced anodes in the remediation of different types of wastewater are discussed.Advances of anodes for promoting electron transfer,microbial attachment and organic decomposition are the main focuses.The superiorities of MFCs on different aspects of wastewater remediation are elucidated,along with perspectives on future research of MFCs,aiming to provide useful guidance in related fields.展开更多
Background: The segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMF-BIA) is a useful method for evaluating physical health and nutritional status in various clinical settings. But less is known about its r...Background: The segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMF-BIA) is a useful method for evaluating physical health and nutritional status in various clinical settings. But less is known about its role in the preoperative assessment of breast cancer patients. Herein, we try to monitor the changes in body composition of preoperative patients by SMF-BIA and figure out its association with clinical features. Methods: The changes in body composition were monitored by SMF-BIA in 563 female patients with breast cancer. Monitor body moisture and collect relevant data on the day before surgery as a prospective study. Retrospective analysis will be conducted based on preoperative data and pathological results after lymph node resection, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the correlation among parameters. Results: We found that the body water, extracellular water ratio, and bioelectrical impedance of the affected upper limbs of patients with different tumor stages or different numbers of lymph node metastases were significantly different from those of their healthy upper limbs (P P P P P Conclusion: SMF-BIA can help monitor the changes in body composition of breast cancer patients and provide detailed information for making a personalized treatment plan and individual nursing schedule. However, the value of SMF-BIA in preoperative assessment still needs to be validated in large prospective clinical trials.展开更多
The unabated carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission into the atmosphere has exacerbated global climate change,resulting in extreme weather events,biodiversity loss,and an intensified greenhouse effect.To address these challen...The unabated carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission into the atmosphere has exacerbated global climate change,resulting in extreme weather events,biodiversity loss,and an intensified greenhouse effect.To address these challenges and work toward carbon(C)neutrality and reduced CO_(2)emissions,the capture and utilization of CO_(2)have become imperative in both scientific research and industry.One cutting-edge approach to achieving efficient catalytic performance involves integrating green bioconversion and chemical conversion.This innovative strategy offers several advantages,including environmental friendliness,high efficiency,and multi-selectivity.This study provides a comprehensive review of existing technical routes for carbon sequestration(CS)and introduces two novel CS pathways:the electrochemicalbiological hybrid and artificial photosynthesis systems.It also thoroughly examines the synthesis of valuable Cnproducts from the two CS systems employing different catalysts and biocatalysts.As both systems heavily rely on electron transfer,direct and mediated electron transfer has been discussed and summarized in detail.Additionally,this study explores the conditions suitable for different catalysts and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of biocatalysts.We also explored the biocompatibility of the electrode materials and developed novel materials.These materials were specifically engineered to combine with enzymes or microbial cells to solve the biocompatibility problem,while improving the electron transfer efficiency of both.Furthermore,this review summarizes the relevant systems developed in recent years for manufacturing different products,along with their respective production efficiencies,providing a solid database for development in this direction.The novel chemical-biological combination proposed herein holds great promise for the future conversion of CO_(2)into advanced organic compounds.Additionally,it offers exciting prospects for utilizing CO_(2)in synthesizing a wide range of industrial products.Ultimately,the present study provides a unique perspective for achieving the vital goals of“peak shaving”and C-neutrality,contributing significantly to our collective efforts to combat climate change and its associated challenges.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a spectrum of conditions,progressing from mild steatosis to advanced fibrosis.Sarcopenia,characterized by decreased muscle strength and mass,shares common pat...BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a spectrum of conditions,progressing from mild steatosis to advanced fibrosis.Sarcopenia,characterized by decreased muscle strength and mass,shares common pathophysiological traits with NAFLD.An association exists between sarcopenia and increased NAFLD prevalence.However,data on the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD and its impact on the outcomes of NAFLD remain inconsistent.AIM To analyze the prevalence and outcomes of sarcopenia in patients with NAFLD.METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant studies in MEDLINE,Embase,and Scopus from their inception to June 2023.We included studies that focused on patients with NAFLD,reported the prevalence of sarcopenia as the primary outcome,and examined secondary outcomes,such as liver fibrosis and other adverse events.We also used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality assessment.RESULTS Of the 29 studies included,the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD varied widely(1.6%to 63.0%),with 20 studies reporting a prevalence of more than 10.0%.Substantial heterogeneity was noted in the measurement modalities for sarcopenia.Sarcopenia was associated with a higher risk of advanced fibrosis(odd ratio:1.97,95%confidence interval:1.44-2.70).Increased odds were consistently observed in fibrosis assessment through biopsy,NAFLD fibrosis score/body mass index,aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio,diabetes(BARD)score,and transient elastography,whereas the fibrosis-4 score showed no such association.Sarcopenia in NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of steatohepatitis,insulin resistance,cardiovascular risks,and mortality.CONCLUSION This systematic review highlights the critical need for standardized diagnostic criteria and measurement methods for sarcopenia in NAFLD patients.The variability in study designs and assessment methods for sarcopenia and liver fibrosis may account for the inconsistent findings.This review demonstrates the multidimensional impact of sarcopenia on NAFLD,indicating its importance beyond liver-related events to include cardiovascular risks,mortality,and metabolic complications.展开更多
Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is a common condition in cirrhotic patients, leading to a worse prognosis, complications, poor quality of life and lower survival rates. Among ways of assessing nutritional status, t...Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is a common condition in cirrhotic patients, leading to a worse prognosis, complications, poor quality of life and lower survival rates. Among ways of assessing nutritional status, there are anthropometric methods such as the evaluation of the triceps skinfold, the arm circumference, the arm muscle circumference and the body mass index, and non-anthropometric methods such as the subjective global assessment, the handgrip strength of non-dominant hand, and the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). PCM is frequently under-diagnosed in clinical settings in patients with cirrhosis due to the limitations of nutritional evaluation methods in this population. BIA is a useful method, but cannot be indicated in patients with abnormal body composition. In these situations, the phase angle (PA) has been used, and can become an important tool in assessing nutritional status in any situation. The PA is superior to anthropometric methods and might be considered as a nutritional indicator in cirrhosis. The early characterization of the nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis means an early nutritional intervention, with a positive impact on patients’ overall prognosis. Among the usually accepted methods for nutritional diagnosis, the PA provides information in a quick and objective manner.展开更多
In clinical practice obesity is primarily diagnosed through the body mass index. In order to characterize patients affected by obesity the use of traditional anthropometric measures appears misleading. Beyond the body...In clinical practice obesity is primarily diagnosed through the body mass index. In order to characterize patients affected by obesity the use of traditional anthropometric measures appears misleading. Beyond the body mass index, there are overwhelming evidences towards the relevance of a more detailed description of the individual phenotype by characterizing the main body componentsas free-fat mass, muscle mass, and fat mass. Among the numerous techniques actually available, bioelectrical impedance analysis seems to be the most suitable in a clinical setting because it is simple, inexpensive, noninvasive, and highly reproducible. To date, there is no consensus concerning the use of one preferred equation for the resting energy expenditure in overweight and/or obese population. Energy restriction alone is an effective strategy to achieve an early and significant weight loss, however it results in a reduction of both fat and lean mass therefore promoting or aggravating an unfavourable body composition(as sarcobesity) in terms of mortality and comorbidities. Therefore the implementation of daily levels of physical activity should be simultaneously promoted. The major role of muscle mass in the energy balance has been recently established by the rising prevalence of the combination of two condition as sarcopenia and obesity. Physical exercise stimulates energy expenditure, thereby directly improving energy balance, and also promotes adaptations such as fiber type, mitochondrial biogenesis, improvement of insulin resistance, and release of myokines, which may influence different tissues, including muscle.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3–5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.Methods The study was conducted using data from the National Nutriti...Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3–5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.Methods The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0–17 years of age in China(CNHSC),a nationwide cross-sectional study.Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews.The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders.Results In total,2,008 participants were included in the study.Of these,89.2%were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months(IQR 7–15 months).Among children aged 3 years,the height-for-age Z-score(HAZ)for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group(0.12 vs.0.42,P=0.043).In addition,the weight-for-age Z-score(WAZ)of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group(0.31 vs.0.65,P=0.026),and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed.Compared to the formula-fed children,the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years(12.84 kg vs.12.52 kg,P=0.015)and lower for those aged 4 years(14.31 kg vs.14.64 kg,P=0.048),but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years(16.40 kg vs.16.42 kg,P=0.910)after adjusting for potential confounders.No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score(WHZ),body mass index(BMI)-for-age Z-score(BAZ),fat-free mass index,and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3–5 years.Conclusion No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration,BMI,and fat mass indicators.Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.展开更多
Background Malnutrition is common in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients,especially in elderly patients.The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)is a widely used tool developed to detect malnutrition.The a...Background Malnutrition is common in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients,especially in elderly patients.The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)is a widely used tool developed to detect malnutrition.The aim of this study was to compare the value of the PG-SGA and objective nutrition assessment parameters,in order to identify a better predictive index for malnutrition in elderly patients with CRC.Methods A total of 131 elderly patients(age≥60 years)with CRC were included and were evaluated for their individual nutritional status using the PG-SGA.Anthropometric and serological indicators were also assayed within 48 h of admission to the hospital.Body composition analysis was implemented by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)instrument.The Chi-squared test,univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis,or Spearman’s rank correlation analysis were used to determine the differences among the above indices and parameters with regard to predicting malnutrition.Results According to the PG-SGA score,the incidence of total malnutrition in elderly patients with CRC was 80.92%(PG-SGA score≥2),which increased with age.It was found that 28%of the patients with PG-SGA classification A(PG-SGA score 0-1)had a low fat-free mass index(FFMI).Compared with those with PG-SGA A,patients with PG-SGA C PG-SGA score≥9)showed an increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and an increased platelet and lymphocyte ratio(PLR)(median=1.78 VS.2.35,P=0.015 and median=108.8 VS.141.6,P=0.001,respectively).In terms of objective nutrition assessment parameters,severely malnourished CRC patients had significantly lower values of serum albumin(ALB),and retinol conjugated protein(RBP)than those who were well-nourished[(38.35±4.84)g/L VS.(40.56±3.44)g/L,P=0.039 and(30.31±15.83)mg/L VS.(39.01±11.95)mg/L,P=0.033,respectively].The Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that the PG-SGA findings had positive correlations with the NLR and PLR;while it had negative correlations with the FFMI,body mass index(BMI),ALB,prealbumin,and RBP.Conclusions In clinical practice,a comprehensive nutritional diagnosis,including the PG-SGA score and these objective indicators,can avoid the underdiagnosis of malnutrition,and is more suitable to detect malnutrition(as well as its causes)in elderly patients with CRC.展开更多
基金Project (2011A090200123) supported by Industry-Universities-Research Cooperation Project of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of ChinaProject (111gpy06) supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject (101055807) supported by the Innovative Experiment Plan Project for College Students of Sun Yat-sen University,China
文摘In order to obtain bioelectrical impedance electrodes with high stability, the chemical etching process was used to fabricate the copper electrode with a series of surface microstructures. By changing the etching processing parameters, some comparison experiments were performed to reveal the influence of etching time, etching temperature, etching liquid concentration, and sample sizes on the etching rate and surface microstructures of copper electrode. The result shows that the etching rate is decreased with increasing etching time, and is increased with increasing etching temperature. Moreover, it is found that the sample size has little influence on the etching rate. After choosing the reasonable etching liquid composition （formulation 3）, the copper electrode with many surface microstructures can be obtained by chemical etching process at room temperature for 20 rain. In addition, using the alternating current impedance test of electrode-electrode for 24 h, the copper electrode with a series of surface microstructures fabricated by the etching process presents a more stable impedance value compared with the electrocardiograph （ECG） electrode, resulting from the reliable surface contact of copper electrode-electrode.
基金Supported by The Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo,Nos.2011/13243-3,2012/15677-3[GB]
文摘AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of the phase angle(PA)obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)for mortality prediction in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS In total,134 male cirrhotic patients prospectively completed clinical evaluations and nutritional assessment by BIA to obtain PAs during a 36-mo follow-up period.Mortality risk was analyzed by applying the PA cutoff point recently proposed as a malnutrition marker(PA≤4.9°)in Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models.RESULTS The patients were divided into two groups according to the PA cutoff value(PA>4.9°,n=73;PA≤4.9°,n=61).Weight,height,and body mass index were similar in both groups,but patients with PAs>4.9°were younger and had higher mid-arm muscle circumference,albumin,and handgrip-strength values and lower severe ascites and encephalopathy incidences,interleukin(IL)-6/IL-10 ratios and C-reactive protein levels than did patients with PAs≤4.9°(P≤0.05).Forty-eight(35.80%)patients died due to cirrhosis,with a median of 18 mo(interquartile range,3.3-25.6 mo)follow-up until death.Thirty-one(64.60%)of these patients were from the PA≤4.9°group.PA≤4.9°significantly and independently affected the mortality model adjusted for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score and age(hazard ratio=2.05,95%CI:1.11-3.77,P=0.021).In addition,Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with PAs≤4.9°were significantly more likely to die.CONCLUSION In male patients with cirrhosis,the PA≤4.9°cutoff was associated independently with mortality and identified patients with worse metabolic,nutritional,and disease progression profiles.The PA may be a useful and reliable bedside tool to evaluate prognosis in cirrhosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Malnutrition in cirrhotic patients is correlated with mortality and a better response to liver transplantation.However,recovery of the nutritional status in these patients is a challenge due to the difficulty in establishing a reliable nutritional diagnosis.The bioelectrical impedance vector analysis(BIVA)method appears as a feasible tool in clinical practice to define the physiological state of cirrhotic patients by assessing hydration and body cellularity.AIM To evaluate body composition in cirrhotic patients using BIVA.METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by following cirrhotic outpatients at a hospital in Porto Alegre,Brazil.A tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis device was used to evaluate cellularity and hydration and to perform the BIVA.The BIVA graphic was elaborated by software and for statistical analysis a significance level of 5%(P≤0.05)was considered.RESULTS One hundred and ninety patients,61.1%males,with a mean age of 56.6±11.0 years,were evaluated.Of these,56.3%had Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)A score,and the prevalent etiology was hepatitis C virus(47.4%).The patients were classified according to cellularity and hydration by the quadrants and ellipses of the BIVA method,quadrant 1(47.9%);quadrant 2(18.9%);quadrant 3(14.2%);and quadrant 4(18.9%).Those classified in quadrant 1 and 2 had a higher phase angle compared to those in quadrants 3 and 4(P<0.001).Quadrant 2 patients had a lower average age than the other groups.The association with CTP score showed that patients in quadrant 2 had a higher proportion of CTP A,and those in quadrant 4 had a higher proportion of CTP C(P<0.052).CONCLUSION The BIVA method allows identification of the cellularity and hydration status of cirrhotic patients,and its association with clinical factors determines the disease severity,age and prognostic index.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770532,WDD)the Jiangsu Province Medical Foundation for Youth Talents(QNRC2016901,WDD)。
文摘Background:Fluid overload(FO)after resuscitation is frequent and contributes to adverse outcomes among postinjury open abdomen(OA)patients.Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)is a promising tool for monitoring fluid status and FO.Therefore,we sought to investigate the efficacy of BIA-directed fluid resuscitation among OA patients.Methods:A pragmatic,prospective,randomized,observer-blind,single-center trial was performed for all trauma patients requiring OA between January 2013 and December 2017 to a national referral center.A total of 140 postinjury OA patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a BIA-directed fluid resuscitation(defined as BIA)protocol that included fluid administration with monitoring of hemodynamic parameters and different degrees of interventions to achieve a negative fluid balance targeting the hydration level(HL)measured by BIA or a traditional fluid resuscitation(TRD)in which clinicians determined the fluid resuscitation regimen according to traditional parameters during 30 d of intensive care unit(ICU)management.The primary outcome was the 30-day primary fascial closure(PFC)rate.The secondary outcomes included the time to PFC,postoperative 7-day cumulative fluid balance(CFB)and adverse events within 30 d after OA.The Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test were utilized for PFC after OA.A generalized linear regression model for the time to PFC and CFB was built.Results:A total of 134 patients completed the trial(BIA,n=66;TRD,n=68).The BIA patients were significantly more likely to achieve PFC than the TRD patients(83.33%vs.55.88%,P<0.001).In the BIA group,the time to PFC occurred earlier than that of the TRD group by an average of 3.66 d(P<0.001).Additionally,the BIA group showed a lower postoperative 7-day CFB by an average of 6632.80 ml(P<0.001)and fewer complications.Conclusions:Among postinjury OA patients in the ICU,the use of BIA-guided fluid resuscitation resulted in a higher PFC rate and fewer severe complications than the traditional fluid resuscitation strategy.
文摘To evaluate the relationship between measures of body composition in obese adolescents by the methods of bioelectrical impedance analysis, deuterium oxide dilution and anthropometric measures, proposing an equation. The variables were weight, height, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, waist and arm muscle circumference, lean body mass, fat mass and total body water by bioelectrical impedance and deuterium oxide dilution methods. The study included 40 obese adolescents, 45% male, age distribution was 2.42 ± 1.19 years and females 55%, and the predominant age was 12.61 ± 1.78. Linear regression equations were developed, capable of predicting body composition from information supplied by the method of deuterium oxide dilution (gold standard), bioelectrical impedance and anthropometry. The variables gender, age, height, arm circumference, triceps and suprailiac skin fold thickness, resistance and reactance were used to estimate lean body mass, fat mass and total body water by the method of deuterium and significantly correlated with variables, resistance, reactance, sex and total body water (TBW) by bioimpedance method. Among the equations developed, five were suitable for this sample, therefore, it is suggested that more studies should be done to test the applicability of the equations in other samples so that we can validate the equations encountered in obese adolescents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:81673167 to Hongxia Xu)the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Dem on stration Project for Social Livelihood(cstc2018jscx-msybX0094,to Jie Liu).
文摘Objective Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)is used to measure a patient's body composition.The phase angle(PA),the major parameter in BIA,is one of the most sensitive indicators of malnutrition.The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the PA can be used to predict survival in lung cancer patients.Methods One hundred sixty-six lung cancer patients were prospectively included from January 2014 to August 2016 in Daping Hospital.Anthropometric measurements,hematological values,the nutritional risk screening(NRS 2002)score,patient generated-subjective global assessment(PG-SGA)score,Karnofsky performance status(KPS)scale,European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire(EORTC QLQ C-30)score,and BIA were investigated within 48 hours after admission to the hospital.A Spearman correlation analysis was applied to test the correlations between the study characteristics and PA.A Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were conducted to analyze the association between the overall survival(OS)and PA.Results The mean age for all patients was 63 years old(42 females and 124 males).The median PA was 5.5°(4.70°,6.23°).The PA was positively associated with the body mass index,hand grip strength,mid-arm circumference,mid-arm muscle circumference,albumin,prealbumin,C-reactive protein,red blood cells,hemoglobin and KPS score.The PG-SGA scores,QLQ-C30 score,and NRS2002 score showed a significant negative association with the PA.According to a multivariate analysis,the PA(HR=0.47;95%CI:0.27-0.81)was independent predictor of the lung cancer patients'long-term OS.Patients with a higher PA(≥5°)had better overall survival(median=426 days)compared to those with a lower PA(<5°)(median=96 days)based on the one-year follow-up data(P<0.0001).Conclusions These studies indicate that the PA is a sensitive and early indicator to predict survival in lung cancer patients.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51672221,and 51872231)the Key Industrial Chain Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2018ZDCXL-GY-08-07).
文摘Microneedle electrodes acquire bioelectrical signals by measuring the potential difference generated through active cells.The common bioelectrical signals include electroencephalographic,electromyographic,and electrocardiographic signals,which have been extensively utilized across medical,neuroscience,and bioengineering domains.Microneedle electrodes,as invasive dry electrodes minimal penetrating the stratum corneum without reaching the dermis,effectively mitigate the impedance of the electrode-skin interface without requiring conductive gel,thus accommodating the requirements of long-term and high-precision measurements.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the electrode materials,fabrication methods,performance evaluation,and applications of microneedle electrodes for bioelectrical signal acquisition.Special emphasis is placed on the development of materials used in the fabrication of microneedle electrodes.Additionally,we discuss the challenges related to material selection and performance testing,offering insights into future trends in this field.
基金Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Education Departmentgrant number:22C1326
文摘Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of phase angle based on bioelectrical impedance method in senile sarcopenia. Methods: Clinical data from patients aged 60 and above who received treatment in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. A total of 214 cases were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of sarcopenia. The baseline data of the two groups were compared, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent risk factors of sarcopenia in the elderly. Additionally, the diagnostic effect of phase angle on sarcopenia in the elderly was assessed using the ROC curve analysis. Results: A total of 214 cases were included, of which 103patients(48.131%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia, while the remaining 111 patients(51.869%) with non-sarcopenia. The results showed that the age of sarcopenia group was significantly higher than that of non-sarcopenia group(P<0.05). Additionally, total body moisture, protein, inorganic salts, body fat, phase angle, skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength and 6-m pace were significantly lower in sarcopenia group than those in non-sarcopenia group(P<0.05). Correlation and regression analyses identified phase angle, BMI, total body moisture, and body fat as independent risk factors for sarcopenia in the elderly(OR >1). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under AUC for the phase angle, BMI, total body moisture, and body fat AUC were 0.762,0.650, 0.685, and 0.660, respectively. The highest combined diagnostic AUC was 0.865,indicating that the combined diagnosis had a better diagnostic effect on sarcopenia in the elderly. Conclusion: Phase angle serves as an effective index for detecting sarcopenia in the elderly, which can effectively evaluate muscle mass and muscle strength. It suggests that phase angle as an easy-to-monitor indicator is conductive to a more accurate and convenient diagnosis of sarcopenia.
基金Supported by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,Taiwan,No.CMRPG3N1171,No.CMRPG3N1172,No.CORPVVN0071,No.CMRPVVK0111-3 and No.CMRPVVL0121-3National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan,No.MOST 114-2314-B-182A-066-.
文摘BACKGROUND Morphomics,a computed tomography-based body composition assessment,helps predicting esophageal cancer outcomes,but its link to bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)and functional assessments such as hand grip strength(HGS)and cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)remains unclear.AIM To investigate correlations between morphomics and BIA,HGS,CPET,and assess its ability to predict low cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF).METHODS Fifty esophageal cancer patients underwent multi-level morphomics,BIA,HGS,and CPET.Correlations were analyzed using heatmaps and scatter plots,and logistic regression assessed morphomic predictive value for low CRF.RESULTS T11 is the only level with complete morphomic data,making it the most applicable.To ensure reliability,T11 and its adjacent levels,T10-12,were included in the subsequent analysis.Dorsal muscle group volume from T10-12 morphomics all correlated positively with BIA muscle components(r=0.56-0.68,all P<0.001),HGS(r=0.4-0.48,all P<0.001),and CPET variables(r=0.43-0.51,all P<0.001).Subcutaneous fat area and visceral fat area from morphomics correlated with body fat percentage(r=0.58-0.67,all P<0.001)and negatively with CPET parameters(r=-0.33 to-0.52,all P<0.05).Morphomics also showed potential in identifying low CRF,with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.778.CONCLUSION T11 morphomics shows strong correlation with BIA,HGS,and CPET,and may serve as a practical tool for preoperative risk assessment in esophageal cancer patients.
基金This research was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120302)the Program of the Co-Construction with Beijing and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20130008110035).
文摘Moisture content of corn directly affects its quality and storage time,and the rapid on-line detection of the moisture content of corn ears not threshed or in vivo in the fields is required.Because of the special shape of corn ear,the rapid,low cost and non-destructive bioelectrical impedance measurement is more suitable for its moisture content detection.Using the four-electrode method with the Agilent E4980A precision LCR meter,the electrical impedance spectroscopies of the sweet corn ears and waxy corn ears at different moisture contents were acquired.The frequency range of the detection was from 20 Hz to 2 MHz and to enhance the contact,the attached-type electrodes were wrapped in cotton soaked with 0.1%NaCl solution.The impedance data over the frequency range from 300 Hz to 5 kHz were used to obtain the parameters of the bio-impedance Cole-Cole model.The results showed a good linear correlation(coefficient of determination R2=0.960)between the equivalent parallel resistance R∞of sweet corn ear and the moisture content value determined by standard chemical method.The research proved that the bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy can be used for detecting the moisture content of corn ear.
基金support of the following funding:Shanghai Sailing Program(No.20YF1436000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82002290)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82072452)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81830076)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Cast(No.YESS20200153).
文摘The slow regenerating rate and misdirected axonal growth are primary concerns that disturb the curative outcome of peripheral nerve repair.Biophysical intervention through nerve scaffolds can provide efficient,tunable and sustainable guidance for nerve regrowth.Herein,we fabricate the reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffold characterized with anisotropic microfibers and oriented nanogrooves by electrospinning technique.Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)are seeded on the scaffolds in vitro and the viability,neural differentiation efficiency and neurotrophic potential are investigated.RGO/PCL conduits reprogram the phenotype of seeded cells and efficiently repair 15 mm sciatic nerve defect in rats.In summary,biophysical cues on nerve scaffolds are key determinants to stem cell phenotype,and ADSC-seeded rGO/PCL oriented scaffolds are promising,controllable and sustainable approaches to enable peripheral nerve regeneration.
文摘Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are promising for realizing wastewater remediation and electricity co-generation,which may significantly promote the formation of an environmentally friendly,clean energy society.Unfortunately,most of the available MFCs show relatively low electricity generation.Anodes,the major component of MFCs,play the most critical role in electron transfer and organic decomposition,which directly determine the performance of MFCs.In the past decades,various carbonaceous materials and carbon-supported conductive composites have been extensively exploited to optimize the electron transfer on the anode due to their versatile properties,such as large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity.The development of anode materials with a particular structure and performance to satisfy field-scale long-term operation of MFCs remains a huge research challenge,which attracts great attention and urgently needs in-depth exploration of the material engineering of anodes for MFCs.In this review,recent advances in the development and optimization of anodes for MFCs are summarized,and applications of MFCs with advanced anodes in the remediation of different types of wastewater are discussed.Advances of anodes for promoting electron transfer,microbial attachment and organic decomposition are the main focuses.The superiorities of MFCs on different aspects of wastewater remediation are elucidated,along with perspectives on future research of MFCs,aiming to provide useful guidance in related fields.
文摘Background: The segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMF-BIA) is a useful method for evaluating physical health and nutritional status in various clinical settings. But less is known about its role in the preoperative assessment of breast cancer patients. Herein, we try to monitor the changes in body composition of preoperative patients by SMF-BIA and figure out its association with clinical features. Methods: The changes in body composition were monitored by SMF-BIA in 563 female patients with breast cancer. Monitor body moisture and collect relevant data on the day before surgery as a prospective study. Retrospective analysis will be conducted based on preoperative data and pathological results after lymph node resection, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the correlation among parameters. Results: We found that the body water, extracellular water ratio, and bioelectrical impedance of the affected upper limbs of patients with different tumor stages or different numbers of lymph node metastases were significantly different from those of their healthy upper limbs (P P P P P Conclusion: SMF-BIA can help monitor the changes in body composition of breast cancer patients and provide detailed information for making a personalized treatment plan and individual nursing schedule. However, the value of SMF-BIA in preoperative assessment still needs to be validated in large prospective clinical trials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0901700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970038,22278241)+1 种基金a grant from the Institute Guo Qiang,Tsinghua University(2021GQG1016)the Department of Chemical Engineering-i BHE Joint Cooperation Fund。
文摘The unabated carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission into the atmosphere has exacerbated global climate change,resulting in extreme weather events,biodiversity loss,and an intensified greenhouse effect.To address these challenges and work toward carbon(C)neutrality and reduced CO_(2)emissions,the capture and utilization of CO_(2)have become imperative in both scientific research and industry.One cutting-edge approach to achieving efficient catalytic performance involves integrating green bioconversion and chemical conversion.This innovative strategy offers several advantages,including environmental friendliness,high efficiency,and multi-selectivity.This study provides a comprehensive review of existing technical routes for carbon sequestration(CS)and introduces two novel CS pathways:the electrochemicalbiological hybrid and artificial photosynthesis systems.It also thoroughly examines the synthesis of valuable Cnproducts from the two CS systems employing different catalysts and biocatalysts.As both systems heavily rely on electron transfer,direct and mediated electron transfer has been discussed and summarized in detail.Additionally,this study explores the conditions suitable for different catalysts and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of biocatalysts.We also explored the biocompatibility of the electrode materials and developed novel materials.These materials were specifically engineered to combine with enzymes or microbial cells to solve the biocompatibility problem,while improving the electron transfer efficiency of both.Furthermore,this review summarizes the relevant systems developed in recent years for manufacturing different products,along with their respective production efficiencies,providing a solid database for development in this direction.The novel chemical-biological combination proposed herein holds great promise for the future conversion of CO_(2)into advanced organic compounds.Additionally,it offers exciting prospects for utilizing CO_(2)in synthesizing a wide range of industrial products.Ultimately,the present study provides a unique perspective for achieving the vital goals of“peak shaving”and C-neutrality,contributing significantly to our collective efforts to combat climate change and its associated challenges.
文摘BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a spectrum of conditions,progressing from mild steatosis to advanced fibrosis.Sarcopenia,characterized by decreased muscle strength and mass,shares common pathophysiological traits with NAFLD.An association exists between sarcopenia and increased NAFLD prevalence.However,data on the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD and its impact on the outcomes of NAFLD remain inconsistent.AIM To analyze the prevalence and outcomes of sarcopenia in patients with NAFLD.METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant studies in MEDLINE,Embase,and Scopus from their inception to June 2023.We included studies that focused on patients with NAFLD,reported the prevalence of sarcopenia as the primary outcome,and examined secondary outcomes,such as liver fibrosis and other adverse events.We also used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality assessment.RESULTS Of the 29 studies included,the prevalence of sarcopenia in NAFLD varied widely(1.6%to 63.0%),with 20 studies reporting a prevalence of more than 10.0%.Substantial heterogeneity was noted in the measurement modalities for sarcopenia.Sarcopenia was associated with a higher risk of advanced fibrosis(odd ratio:1.97,95%confidence interval:1.44-2.70).Increased odds were consistently observed in fibrosis assessment through biopsy,NAFLD fibrosis score/body mass index,aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio,diabetes(BARD)score,and transient elastography,whereas the fibrosis-4 score showed no such association.Sarcopenia in NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of steatohepatitis,insulin resistance,cardiovascular risks,and mortality.CONCLUSION This systematic review highlights the critical need for standardized diagnostic criteria and measurement methods for sarcopenia in NAFLD patients.The variability in study designs and assessment methods for sarcopenia and liver fibrosis may account for the inconsistent findings.This review demonstrates the multidimensional impact of sarcopenia on NAFLD,indicating its importance beyond liver-related events to include cardiovascular risks,mortality,and metabolic complications.
文摘Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is a common condition in cirrhotic patients, leading to a worse prognosis, complications, poor quality of life and lower survival rates. Among ways of assessing nutritional status, there are anthropometric methods such as the evaluation of the triceps skinfold, the arm circumference, the arm muscle circumference and the body mass index, and non-anthropometric methods such as the subjective global assessment, the handgrip strength of non-dominant hand, and the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). PCM is frequently under-diagnosed in clinical settings in patients with cirrhosis due to the limitations of nutritional evaluation methods in this population. BIA is a useful method, but cannot be indicated in patients with abnormal body composition. In these situations, the phase angle (PA) has been used, and can become an important tool in assessing nutritional status in any situation. The PA is superior to anthropometric methods and might be considered as a nutritional indicator in cirrhosis. The early characterization of the nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis means an early nutritional intervention, with a positive impact on patients’ overall prognosis. Among the usually accepted methods for nutritional diagnosis, the PA provides information in a quick and objective manner.
文摘In clinical practice obesity is primarily diagnosed through the body mass index. In order to characterize patients affected by obesity the use of traditional anthropometric measures appears misleading. Beyond the body mass index, there are overwhelming evidences towards the relevance of a more detailed description of the individual phenotype by characterizing the main body componentsas free-fat mass, muscle mass, and fat mass. Among the numerous techniques actually available, bioelectrical impedance analysis seems to be the most suitable in a clinical setting because it is simple, inexpensive, noninvasive, and highly reproducible. To date, there is no consensus concerning the use of one preferred equation for the resting energy expenditure in overweight and/or obese population. Energy restriction alone is an effective strategy to achieve an early and significant weight loss, however it results in a reduction of both fat and lean mass therefore promoting or aggravating an unfavourable body composition(as sarcobesity) in terms of mortality and comorbidities. Therefore the implementation of daily levels of physical activity should be simultaneously promoted. The major role of muscle mass in the energy balance has been recently established by the rising prevalence of the combination of two condition as sarcopenia and obesity. Physical exercise stimulates energy expenditure, thereby directly improving energy balance, and also promotes adaptations such as fiber type, mitochondrial biogenesis, improvement of insulin resistance, and release of myokines, which may influence different tissues, including muscle.
基金supported by National Special Program for Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China[Grant Number:2017FY101100 and 2017FY101103]。
文摘Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3–5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.Methods The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0–17 years of age in China(CNHSC),a nationwide cross-sectional study.Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews.The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders.Results In total,2,008 participants were included in the study.Of these,89.2%were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months(IQR 7–15 months).Among children aged 3 years,the height-for-age Z-score(HAZ)for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group(0.12 vs.0.42,P=0.043).In addition,the weight-for-age Z-score(WAZ)of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group(0.31 vs.0.65,P=0.026),and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed.Compared to the formula-fed children,the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years(12.84 kg vs.12.52 kg,P=0.015)and lower for those aged 4 years(14.31 kg vs.14.64 kg,P=0.048),but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years(16.40 kg vs.16.42 kg,P=0.910)after adjusting for potential confounders.No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score(WHZ),body mass index(BMI)-for-age Z-score(BAZ),fat-free mass index,and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3–5 years.Conclusion No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration,BMI,and fat mass indicators.Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.
基金the Project of Health and Family Planning Commission of Jilin Province(Grant 2017J064 to JW.C)the Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Education(Grant JJKH20190020KJ to JW.C)。
文摘Background Malnutrition is common in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients,especially in elderly patients.The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)is a widely used tool developed to detect malnutrition.The aim of this study was to compare the value of the PG-SGA and objective nutrition assessment parameters,in order to identify a better predictive index for malnutrition in elderly patients with CRC.Methods A total of 131 elderly patients(age≥60 years)with CRC were included and were evaluated for their individual nutritional status using the PG-SGA.Anthropometric and serological indicators were also assayed within 48 h of admission to the hospital.Body composition analysis was implemented by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)instrument.The Chi-squared test,univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis,or Spearman’s rank correlation analysis were used to determine the differences among the above indices and parameters with regard to predicting malnutrition.Results According to the PG-SGA score,the incidence of total malnutrition in elderly patients with CRC was 80.92%(PG-SGA score≥2),which increased with age.It was found that 28%of the patients with PG-SGA classification A(PG-SGA score 0-1)had a low fat-free mass index(FFMI).Compared with those with PG-SGA A,patients with PG-SGA C PG-SGA score≥9)showed an increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and an increased platelet and lymphocyte ratio(PLR)(median=1.78 VS.2.35,P=0.015 and median=108.8 VS.141.6,P=0.001,respectively).In terms of objective nutrition assessment parameters,severely malnourished CRC patients had significantly lower values of serum albumin(ALB),and retinol conjugated protein(RBP)than those who were well-nourished[(38.35±4.84)g/L VS.(40.56±3.44)g/L,P=0.039 and(30.31±15.83)mg/L VS.(39.01±11.95)mg/L,P=0.033,respectively].The Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that the PG-SGA findings had positive correlations with the NLR and PLR;while it had negative correlations with the FFMI,body mass index(BMI),ALB,prealbumin,and RBP.Conclusions In clinical practice,a comprehensive nutritional diagnosis,including the PG-SGA score and these objective indicators,can avoid the underdiagnosis of malnutrition,and is more suitable to detect malnutrition(as well as its causes)in elderly patients with CRC.
