Enantioselectivity of chiral pollutants is receiving growing concern due to the difference in toxicology and environment fate between enantiomers.In this study,enantiomers of insecticide beta-cypermethrin(beta-CP)were...Enantioselectivity of chiral pollutants is receiving growing concern due to the difference in toxicology and environment fate between enantiomers.In this study,enantiomers of insecticide beta-cypermethrin(beta-CP)were separated on selected chiral column by HPLC,and the toxicity of enantiomers was evaluated using the zebrafish embryo-larval assays.The enantiomers of beta-CP were baseline separated on Chiralcel OD and Chiralpak AD columns and detected by circular dichroism(CD)at 236 nm.Better separation could be achieved at lower temperature(e.g.,20°C)and with lower levels of polar modifiers.Pure enantiomers were obtained on Chiralcel OD.The CD spectra of enantiomers were recorded.By comparing the elution order with a previous similar study,the absolute configuration of beta-CP enantiomers was determined.The individual enantiomers were used in zebrafish embryo test,and the results showed that beta-CP enantioselectively induced yolk sac edema,pericardial edema and crooked body.The 1R-cis-αS and 1R-trans-αS enantiomers showed strong developmental toxicities at concentration of 0.1 mg/L,while the 1S-cis-αR and 1S-trans-αR induced no malformations at higher concentration(e.g.,0.3 mg/L).The results suggest that the enantioselective toxicological effects of beta-CP should be considered when evaluating its ecotoxicological effects.展开更多
The effects of three types of adjuvant (mineral oil, higher aliphatic acid and nonionic surfactant) on the penetration of beta-cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface were studied. The results showed that the pe...The effects of three types of adjuvant (mineral oil, higher aliphatic acid and nonionic surfactant) on the penetration of beta-cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface were studied. The results showed that the penetration was positively correlated with both the concentration of adjuvant and the time after application, in a given range of treatment. A synergistic effect of two types of adjuvant on the penetration was found. Some physical properties of emulsions were determined. The change of the structures of the cabbage leaf surface by these adjuvants was observed from photomicrographs. The mechanism concerned with the effect of these adjuvants on the penetration of beta- cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface was tentatively discussed.展开更多
Beta-cypermethrin is one of the synthetic pyrethroid,which is widely used to control insect pests and is found to be more effective than organphosphates and carbamates.However,it is also reported to be more toxic than...Beta-cypermethrin is one of the synthetic pyrethroid,which is widely used to control insect pests and is found to be more effective than organphosphates and carbamates.However,it is also reported to be more toxic than organphosphates and carbamates.It has been suggested that synthetic pyrethroids are readily absorbed by the gills of fish even at very low concentrations.Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)exist in the cells of every tissue,particularly in the liver.If the liver is damaged,the enzymes are discharged from the cells into the serum.It increases the GPT and GOT metabolic activities quickly.It is,therefore,proposed that the effects of toxicants on serum GPT and GOT could be used as indexes in toxicological assessments.In this experiment,the effectiveness of beta-cypermethrin on the acute toxicity and on serum GPT and GOT concentration of crucian carp was studied.The LC 50 of beta-cypermethrin for crucian carp was 11.4μg/L.The crucian carp serum was treated against beta-cypermethrin levels of 0.114μg/L,0.57μg/L and 1.14μg/L for exposure times of 0d,5d,10d,15d and 20d,at all concentrations.The results show that when the beta-cypermethrin concentration increases and the exposure time is prolonged,the GPT and GOT activities of serum increased also.The results proved that beta-cypermethrin could cause great damage to crucian carp and its biochemical functions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20907042,20877071)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.Y5090252)
文摘Enantioselectivity of chiral pollutants is receiving growing concern due to the difference in toxicology and environment fate between enantiomers.In this study,enantiomers of insecticide beta-cypermethrin(beta-CP)were separated on selected chiral column by HPLC,and the toxicity of enantiomers was evaluated using the zebrafish embryo-larval assays.The enantiomers of beta-CP were baseline separated on Chiralcel OD and Chiralpak AD columns and detected by circular dichroism(CD)at 236 nm.Better separation could be achieved at lower temperature(e.g.,20°C)and with lower levels of polar modifiers.Pure enantiomers were obtained on Chiralcel OD.The CD spectra of enantiomers were recorded.By comparing the elution order with a previous similar study,the absolute configuration of beta-CP enantiomers was determined.The individual enantiomers were used in zebrafish embryo test,and the results showed that beta-CP enantioselectively induced yolk sac edema,pericardial edema and crooked body.The 1R-cis-αS and 1R-trans-αS enantiomers showed strong developmental toxicities at concentration of 0.1 mg/L,while the 1S-cis-αR and 1S-trans-αR induced no malformations at higher concentration(e.g.,0.3 mg/L).The results suggest that the enantioselective toxicological effects of beta-CP should be considered when evaluating its ecotoxicological effects.
基金spported by National Science Foundation of China(No.29873055)..
文摘The effects of three types of adjuvant (mineral oil, higher aliphatic acid and nonionic surfactant) on the penetration of beta-cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface were studied. The results showed that the penetration was positively correlated with both the concentration of adjuvant and the time after application, in a given range of treatment. A synergistic effect of two types of adjuvant on the penetration was found. Some physical properties of emulsions were determined. The change of the structures of the cabbage leaf surface by these adjuvants was observed from photomicrographs. The mechanism concerned with the effect of these adjuvants on the penetration of beta- cypermethrin through the cabbage leaf surface was tentatively discussed.
基金the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(No.2001CCB00700)Wuhan Chenguang Scientific Program(No.2002500103)
文摘Beta-cypermethrin is one of the synthetic pyrethroid,which is widely used to control insect pests and is found to be more effective than organphosphates and carbamates.However,it is also reported to be more toxic than organphosphates and carbamates.It has been suggested that synthetic pyrethroids are readily absorbed by the gills of fish even at very low concentrations.Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)exist in the cells of every tissue,particularly in the liver.If the liver is damaged,the enzymes are discharged from the cells into the serum.It increases the GPT and GOT metabolic activities quickly.It is,therefore,proposed that the effects of toxicants on serum GPT and GOT could be used as indexes in toxicological assessments.In this experiment,the effectiveness of beta-cypermethrin on the acute toxicity and on serum GPT and GOT concentration of crucian carp was studied.The LC 50 of beta-cypermethrin for crucian carp was 11.4μg/L.The crucian carp serum was treated against beta-cypermethrin levels of 0.114μg/L,0.57μg/L and 1.14μg/L for exposure times of 0d,5d,10d,15d and 20d,at all concentrations.The results show that when the beta-cypermethrin concentration increases and the exposure time is prolonged,the GPT and GOT activities of serum increased also.The results proved that beta-cypermethrin could cause great damage to crucian carp and its biochemical functions.
