Aged populations have remarkable variability in recent memory and cognitive mapping. Although some individuals may have substantial age-related impairments, others perform almost as well as young individuals. This pap...Aged populations have remarkable variability in recent memory and cognitive mapping. Although some individuals may have substantial age-related impairments, others perform almost as well as young individuals. This paper reviews the relevant data on aged rats and indicates two challenges for biomarkers of aging. The first is to provide an appropriate quantitative description of these individual differences. The second is to use them effectively as markers for age-related changes in psychological functions and their neural substrates.展开更多
In this article, seepage phenomena through the karstic limestone foundation of Behesht Abad dam are investigated. In order to get a state of seepage and determine the depth of grouting curtain, it has been tried to ev...In this article, seepage phenomena through the karstic limestone foundation of Behesht Abad dam are investigated. In order to get a state of seepage and determine the depth of grouting curtain, it has been tried to evaluate the seepage of Behesht-Abad dam foundation and its abutments by the help of numerical analysis and UDEC 4.0 software. To perform this research, firstly, geological data during a study phase in Behesht Abad dam site was gathered, and then different methods have been used to calculate the engineering properties of rock mass. Therefore the structural model of dam foundation based on the geological data constructed and various boundary conditions including different heads were applied on the model and the suitable depth for the grouting curtain was proposed.展开更多
Bus safety is a matter of great importance in many developing countries, with driving behaviors among bus drivers identified as a primary factor contributing to accidents. This concern is particularly amplified in mix...Bus safety is a matter of great importance in many developing countries, with driving behaviors among bus drivers identified as a primary factor contributing to accidents. This concern is particularly amplified in mixed traffic flow (MTF) environments with time pressure (TP). However, there is a lack of sufficient research exploring the relationships among these factors. This study consists of two papers that aim to investigate the impact of MTF environments with TP on the driving behaviors of bus drivers. While the first paper focuses on violated driving behaviors, this particular paper delves into mistake-prone driving behaviors (MDB). To collect data on MDB, as well as perceptions of MTF and TP, a questionnaire survey was implemented among bus drivers. Factor analyses were employed to create new measurements for validating MDB in MTF environments. The study utilized partial correlation and linear regression analyses with the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method to explore the relationships between MDB and MTF/TP. The results revealed a modified scale for MDB. Two MTF factors and two TP factors were found to be significantly associated with MDB. A high presence of motorcycles and dangerous interactions among vehicles were not found to be associated with MDB among bus drivers. However, bus drivers who perceived motorcyclists as aggressive, considered road users’ traffic habits as unsafe, and perceived bus routes’ punctuality and organization as very strict were more likely to exhibit MDB. Moreover, the results from the three MDB predictive models demonstrated a positive impact of bus route organization on MDB among bus drivers. The study also examined various relationships between the socio-demographic characteristics of bus drivers and MDB. These findings are of practical significance in developing interventions aimed at reducing MDB among bus drivers operating in MTF environments with TP.展开更多
文摘Aged populations have remarkable variability in recent memory and cognitive mapping. Although some individuals may have substantial age-related impairments, others perform almost as well as young individuals. This paper reviews the relevant data on aged rats and indicates two challenges for biomarkers of aging. The first is to provide an appropriate quantitative description of these individual differences. The second is to use them effectively as markers for age-related changes in psychological functions and their neural substrates.
文摘In this article, seepage phenomena through the karstic limestone foundation of Behesht Abad dam are investigated. In order to get a state of seepage and determine the depth of grouting curtain, it has been tried to evaluate the seepage of Behesht-Abad dam foundation and its abutments by the help of numerical analysis and UDEC 4.0 software. To perform this research, firstly, geological data during a study phase in Behesht Abad dam site was gathered, and then different methods have been used to calculate the engineering properties of rock mass. Therefore the structural model of dam foundation based on the geological data constructed and various boundary conditions including different heads were applied on the model and the suitable depth for the grouting curtain was proposed.
文摘Bus safety is a matter of great importance in many developing countries, with driving behaviors among bus drivers identified as a primary factor contributing to accidents. This concern is particularly amplified in mixed traffic flow (MTF) environments with time pressure (TP). However, there is a lack of sufficient research exploring the relationships among these factors. This study consists of two papers that aim to investigate the impact of MTF environments with TP on the driving behaviors of bus drivers. While the first paper focuses on violated driving behaviors, this particular paper delves into mistake-prone driving behaviors (MDB). To collect data on MDB, as well as perceptions of MTF and TP, a questionnaire survey was implemented among bus drivers. Factor analyses were employed to create new measurements for validating MDB in MTF environments. The study utilized partial correlation and linear regression analyses with the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method to explore the relationships between MDB and MTF/TP. The results revealed a modified scale for MDB. Two MTF factors and two TP factors were found to be significantly associated with MDB. A high presence of motorcycles and dangerous interactions among vehicles were not found to be associated with MDB among bus drivers. However, bus drivers who perceived motorcyclists as aggressive, considered road users’ traffic habits as unsafe, and perceived bus routes’ punctuality and organization as very strict were more likely to exhibit MDB. Moreover, the results from the three MDB predictive models demonstrated a positive impact of bus route organization on MDB among bus drivers. The study also examined various relationships between the socio-demographic characteristics of bus drivers and MDB. These findings are of practical significance in developing interventions aimed at reducing MDB among bus drivers operating in MTF environments with TP.
