The objectives of this study were to 1） determine the variation of nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites and oxidative stress parameters triggered by induced subacute ruminal acidosis （SARA）; and 2） evaluate the ...The objectives of this study were to 1） determine the variation of nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites and oxidative stress parameters triggered by induced subacute ruminal acidosis （SARA）; and 2） evaluate the ability of pelleted beet pulp （BP） as a replacement for ground corn to alleviate SARA. Eight Holstein-Friesian cows were fed four diets during four successive17 day periods： 1） total mixed ration （TMR） containing 0% finely ground wheat （FGW） （WO）; 2） TMR containing 10% FGW （W10）; 3） TMR containing 20% FGW （W20）; and 4） TMR containing 10% BP as a replacement for 10% ground corn （BP10）. The SARA induction protocol reduced the mean ruminal pH from 6.37 to 5.94, and the minimum ruminal pH decreased from 5.99 to 5.41 from baseline to challenge period. Mean ruminal pH increased from 5.94 to 6.05, and minimum daily ruminal pH increased from 5.41 to 5.63, when BP was substituted for corn. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by the dietary treatments, except that the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre （NDF） and acid detergent fibre （ADF） was reduced in cows fed the W20 diet compared with cows fed the W0 and W10 diets, and cows fed the BP10 diet had higher NDF and ADF digestibility than the cows fed the W20 diet. Cows fed the W20 diet had a lower plasma concentration of 13-hydroxybutyrate （BHBA）, non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA）, cholesterol, triglyceride, and total antioxidative capacity （TAC）, and a higher plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, malonaldehyde （MDA）, super oxygen dehydrogenises （SOD）, and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） than cows fed the W0 diet. Substitution of BP for corn increased concentrations of plasma BHBA and TAC, but decreased concentrations of plasma MDA. Our results indicate that reduction of fibre digestion; the concomitant increase of plasma glucose and insulin; the decrease of plasma BHBA, NEFA, cholesterol, and triglyceride; and changes of plasma oxidative stress parameters are highly related to SARA induced by W20 diets. These variables may be alternative candidates for SARA diagnosis. We also suggest that the substitution of BP for corn could reduce the risk of SARA, increase fibre digestion, and improve the antioxidant status in dairy cows.展开更多
Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract （GIT） of piglets during weaning transition can experience a sharp change which could result in growth reduction and diarrhea of weaned piglets. Dietary manipulations can play...Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract （GIT） of piglets during weaning transition can experience a sharp change which could result in growth reduction and diarrhea of weaned piglets. Dietary manipulations can play an important role in attenuating such changes caused by weaning stress. Therefore, ileal and colonic contents of weaned piglets were used as inocula, mannan oligosaccharide （MOS） or sugar beet pulp （SBP） was supplied as single energy sources to investigate effects of MOS or SBP on the shifts of gastro-intestinal microflora and lactobacilli populations. The universal bacteria- and lactobacilli-specific PCR/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, cloning and sequencing techniques were used. DGGE profiles of the universal bacteria showed that great changes were found in the position, numbers and intensity of dominant bands after fermentation. The similarity of bacterial community between ileum and colon was increased to 85-97% by MOS or SBP treatment after fermentation from the similarity with 20% before fermentation. MOS treatment significantly increased the bacterial diversity and band number in both ileal and colonic fermentation （P〈0.05）. SBP treatment significantly increased the bacterial diversity and band number in colon （P〈0.05）. It implies that some species were enriched by the addition of MOS or SBP to increase the similarity and diversity of bacterial community in weaned piglets. Five specific bands appearing in MOS or SBP treatment group after fermentation were cloned and sequenced, the changes of species related to Prevotella and Ruminococcus were observed. Two bands related to uncultured bacterium with 98% similarity were detected by MOS or SBP treatment. However, there were no effects on the similarity, diversity index and lactobacilli species revealed by MOS or SBP treatment. These results imply that MOS or SBP could have beneficial effects on the weaning piglets by stablizing microbiota in the GIT microflora.展开更多
The aims of this work turn towards the valorization of the underutilized Raw Sugar Beet Pulp by-product to produce white Cellulose Microfibers(CMFs),and its potential effect as a reinforcement for the development of H...The aims of this work turn towards the valorization of the underutilized Raw Sugar Beet Pulp by-product to produce white Cellulose Microfibers(CMFs),and its potential effect as a reinforcement for the development of High-Density Polyethylene(HDPE)composites.Pure CMFs were first obtained by subjecting raw SBP to alkali and bleaching treatments.Several characterization techniques were performed to confirm the successful removal of the amorphous compounds from the surface of individual fibers,including SEM,XRD,TGA,and FT-IR analysis.Various CMF loadings(5–10 wt%)were incorporated as bio-fillers into HDPE polymer to evaluate their reinforcing ability in comparison to raw and alkali-treated SBP using twin-screw extrusion followed by injection molding.Styrene–(Ethylene–Butene)–Styrene Three-Block Co-Polymer Grafted with Maleic Anhydride was used as a compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between fibers and the matrix.Thermal,mechanical,and rheological properties of the produced composite samples were investigated.It was found that the Young’s modulus were gradually increased with increasing of fibers loadings,with a maximum increase of 30%and 26%observed for composite containing 10 wt%of CMFs and raw SBP,respectively,over neat HDPE.While,the use of coupling agent enhances the ductile behavior of the composites.It was also found that all fiber improves the hardness and toughness behavior of all reinforced composites as well as the complex modulus particularly at 10 wt%.The thermal stability slightly increases with the addition of fibers.This study demonstrates a new route for the valorization of SBP by-products.These fibers can be considered as a valuable bio-fillers candidate for the development of composite materials with enhanced properties.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of steam-flaked corn(SFC)with shredded sugar beet pulp(SBP)in the starter diet on selective intake(sorting),feeding and chewing behavior,...This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of steam-flaked corn(SFC)with shredded sugar beet pulp(SBP)in the starter diet on selective intake(sorting),feeding and chewing behavior,blood biochemical parameters,and growth in newborn female Holstein dairy calves.A total of 48 calves(3 d old;40.1±0.84 kg body weight;mean±SE)were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 feeding treatments containing 0 or 25%SBP(percentage of dry matter[DM])in the starter diet.Calves were weaned on d 61 and remained in the study until d 81.Intake of starter feed and total intake of DM(milk DM+starter feed DM),crude protein,and neutral detergent fiber were increased(P<0.05)by feeding SBP;however,intake of starch(P<0.01)and total intake of ether extract(P=0.03)were decreased with no apparent effect on total intake of ME.Average daily gain,feed efficiency,final weight,and skeletal growth also showed no significant changes.Circulating concentrations of glucose,total protein,and albumin were not affected by partial replacement of SBP with SFC;however,higher concentrations of blood urea-N(P=0.01)and a lower albumin-to-globulin ratio(P=0.03)were observed in SBP-vs.SFC-fed calves.Calves fed SBP sorted more for particles retained on the 4.75-mm sieve(P=0.02)and against particles retained on the 0.6-mm sieve and bottom pan(P<0.01).Intake of neutral detergent fibers and starch from particles retained on all sieve fractions was increased and decreased(P<0.01),respectively,by replacing SFC with SBP.Replacement of SBP with SFC was associated with increased meal length and meal size and increased rumination frequency and length,but decreased intervals between rumination(P≤0.01).Calves fed SBP spent more time eating,rumination,and standing and less time lying and non-nutritive oral behaviors(P<0.01).In general,25%replacement of SFC with SBP did not affect calf performance but increased time spent rumination and eating and decreased non-nutritive oral behaviors.展开更多
The aim of the study was to evaluate,from an economic standpoint,the feasibility of using sugar beet pulp(SBP)as the feedstock in an existing sugar processing plant to ethanol.Two base cases were studied.Case 1 incorp...The aim of the study was to evaluate,from an economic standpoint,the feasibility of using sugar beet pulp(SBP)as the feedstock in an existing sugar processing plant to ethanol.Two base cases were studied.Case 1 incorporated dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment,enzymatic hydrolysis,and fermentation using S.cervisiae.Case 2 neglected the pretreatment step and used a series of enzymes in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation(SSF)with S.cervisiae yeast followed by E.coli K011 fermentation.The ethanol production cost for each case was estimated to be$1.50 and$1.10 per gallon of ethanol for case 1 and case 2,respectively.Assuming a 10%discount rate,a minimum selling price of$2.35 per gallon was obtained for case 1 and$1.53 per gallon for case 2.These prices can be competitive with the increasing gasoline prices.However,base case 2 has higher potential to be feasible with the discovery of efficient microbial species.展开更多
基金financially supported by funds from the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Project No.2011CB100801)
文摘The objectives of this study were to 1） determine the variation of nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites and oxidative stress parameters triggered by induced subacute ruminal acidosis （SARA）; and 2） evaluate the ability of pelleted beet pulp （BP） as a replacement for ground corn to alleviate SARA. Eight Holstein-Friesian cows were fed four diets during four successive17 day periods： 1） total mixed ration （TMR） containing 0% finely ground wheat （FGW） （WO）; 2） TMR containing 10% FGW （W10）; 3） TMR containing 20% FGW （W20）; and 4） TMR containing 10% BP as a replacement for 10% ground corn （BP10）. The SARA induction protocol reduced the mean ruminal pH from 6.37 to 5.94, and the minimum ruminal pH decreased from 5.99 to 5.41 from baseline to challenge period. Mean ruminal pH increased from 5.94 to 6.05, and minimum daily ruminal pH increased from 5.41 to 5.63, when BP was substituted for corn. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by the dietary treatments, except that the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre （NDF） and acid detergent fibre （ADF） was reduced in cows fed the W20 diet compared with cows fed the W0 and W10 diets, and cows fed the BP10 diet had higher NDF and ADF digestibility than the cows fed the W20 diet. Cows fed the W20 diet had a lower plasma concentration of 13-hydroxybutyrate （BHBA）, non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA）, cholesterol, triglyceride, and total antioxidative capacity （TAC）, and a higher plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, malonaldehyde （MDA）, super oxygen dehydrogenises （SOD）, and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） than cows fed the W0 diet. Substitution of BP for corn increased concentrations of plasma BHBA and TAC, but decreased concentrations of plasma MDA. Our results indicate that reduction of fibre digestion; the concomitant increase of plasma glucose and insulin; the decrease of plasma BHBA, NEFA, cholesterol, and triglyceride; and changes of plasma oxidative stress parameters are highly related to SARA induced by W20 diets. These variables may be alternative candidates for SARA diagnosis. We also suggest that the substitution of BP for corn could reduce the risk of SARA, increase fibre digestion, and improve the antioxidant status in dairy cows.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2004CB117500)
文摘Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract （GIT） of piglets during weaning transition can experience a sharp change which could result in growth reduction and diarrhea of weaned piglets. Dietary manipulations can play an important role in attenuating such changes caused by weaning stress. Therefore, ileal and colonic contents of weaned piglets were used as inocula, mannan oligosaccharide （MOS） or sugar beet pulp （SBP） was supplied as single energy sources to investigate effects of MOS or SBP on the shifts of gastro-intestinal microflora and lactobacilli populations. The universal bacteria- and lactobacilli-specific PCR/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, cloning and sequencing techniques were used. DGGE profiles of the universal bacteria showed that great changes were found in the position, numbers and intensity of dominant bands after fermentation. The similarity of bacterial community between ileum and colon was increased to 85-97% by MOS or SBP treatment after fermentation from the similarity with 20% before fermentation. MOS treatment significantly increased the bacterial diversity and band number in both ileal and colonic fermentation （P〈0.05）. SBP treatment significantly increased the bacterial diversity and band number in colon （P〈0.05）. It implies that some species were enriched by the addition of MOS or SBP to increase the similarity and diversity of bacterial community in weaned piglets. Five specific bands appearing in MOS or SBP treatment group after fermentation were cloned and sequenced, the changes of species related to Prevotella and Ruminococcus were observed. Two bands related to uncultured bacterium with 98% similarity were detected by MOS or SBP treatment. However, there were no effects on the similarity, diversity index and lactobacilli species revealed by MOS or SBP treatment. These results imply that MOS or SBP could have beneficial effects on the weaning piglets by stablizing microbiota in the GIT microflora.
基金financial assistance of the Moroccan National Center for Scientific and Technical Research(CNRST)toward this research is hereby acknowledgedThanks to Abou El Kacem QAISS from Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science,Innovation and Research(MAScIR)for his help to elaborate and characterize all our composites.
文摘The aims of this work turn towards the valorization of the underutilized Raw Sugar Beet Pulp by-product to produce white Cellulose Microfibers(CMFs),and its potential effect as a reinforcement for the development of High-Density Polyethylene(HDPE)composites.Pure CMFs were first obtained by subjecting raw SBP to alkali and bleaching treatments.Several characterization techniques were performed to confirm the successful removal of the amorphous compounds from the surface of individual fibers,including SEM,XRD,TGA,and FT-IR analysis.Various CMF loadings(5–10 wt%)were incorporated as bio-fillers into HDPE polymer to evaluate their reinforcing ability in comparison to raw and alkali-treated SBP using twin-screw extrusion followed by injection molding.Styrene–(Ethylene–Butene)–Styrene Three-Block Co-Polymer Grafted with Maleic Anhydride was used as a compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between fibers and the matrix.Thermal,mechanical,and rheological properties of the produced composite samples were investigated.It was found that the Young’s modulus were gradually increased with increasing of fibers loadings,with a maximum increase of 30%and 26%observed for composite containing 10 wt%of CMFs and raw SBP,respectively,over neat HDPE.While,the use of coupling agent enhances the ductile behavior of the composites.It was also found that all fiber improves the hardness and toughness behavior of all reinforced composites as well as the complex modulus particularly at 10 wt%.The thermal stability slightly increases with the addition of fibers.This study demonstrates a new route for the valorization of SBP by-products.These fibers can be considered as a valuable bio-fillers candidate for the development of composite materials with enhanced properties.
文摘This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of steam-flaked corn(SFC)with shredded sugar beet pulp(SBP)in the starter diet on selective intake(sorting),feeding and chewing behavior,blood biochemical parameters,and growth in newborn female Holstein dairy calves.A total of 48 calves(3 d old;40.1±0.84 kg body weight;mean±SE)were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 feeding treatments containing 0 or 25%SBP(percentage of dry matter[DM])in the starter diet.Calves were weaned on d 61 and remained in the study until d 81.Intake of starter feed and total intake of DM(milk DM+starter feed DM),crude protein,and neutral detergent fiber were increased(P<0.05)by feeding SBP;however,intake of starch(P<0.01)and total intake of ether extract(P=0.03)were decreased with no apparent effect on total intake of ME.Average daily gain,feed efficiency,final weight,and skeletal growth also showed no significant changes.Circulating concentrations of glucose,total protein,and albumin were not affected by partial replacement of SBP with SFC;however,higher concentrations of blood urea-N(P=0.01)and a lower albumin-to-globulin ratio(P=0.03)were observed in SBP-vs.SFC-fed calves.Calves fed SBP sorted more for particles retained on the 4.75-mm sieve(P=0.02)and against particles retained on the 0.6-mm sieve and bottom pan(P<0.01).Intake of neutral detergent fibers and starch from particles retained on all sieve fractions was increased and decreased(P<0.01),respectively,by replacing SFC with SBP.Replacement of SBP with SFC was associated with increased meal length and meal size and increased rumination frequency and length,but decreased intervals between rumination(P≤0.01).Calves fed SBP spent more time eating,rumination,and standing and less time lying and non-nutritive oral behaviors(P<0.01).In general,25%replacement of SFC with SBP did not affect calf performance but increased time spent rumination and eating and decreased non-nutritive oral behaviors.
基金We thank Dr.Scott Pryor and Rachel Rorick at the North Dakota State University for allowing us to use their results in this work.We thank Dr.Mike Mann and Dr.Robert Wills at the University of North Dakota for their help in reviewing this paper.We also thank the American Crystal Sugar Company(East Grand Forks,MN 56721)for providing us with the SBPand Genencor(Palo Alto,CA 94304)for providing us all the enzymes.Lastly,we acknowledge North Dakota EPSCoR for funding the project.
文摘The aim of the study was to evaluate,from an economic standpoint,the feasibility of using sugar beet pulp(SBP)as the feedstock in an existing sugar processing plant to ethanol.Two base cases were studied.Case 1 incorporated dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment,enzymatic hydrolysis,and fermentation using S.cervisiae.Case 2 neglected the pretreatment step and used a series of enzymes in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation(SSF)with S.cervisiae yeast followed by E.coli K011 fermentation.The ethanol production cost for each case was estimated to be$1.50 and$1.10 per gallon of ethanol for case 1 and case 2,respectively.Assuming a 10%discount rate,a minimum selling price of$2.35 per gallon was obtained for case 1 and$1.53 per gallon for case 2.These prices can be competitive with the increasing gasoline prices.However,base case 2 has higher potential to be feasible with the discovery of efficient microbial species.
