Axel Pons,once a Moto2 World Championship competitor,made a big lifestyle change several years ago when he decided to travel the world barefoot.He's the son of Sito Pons,who has been a MotoGP winner twice.At the s...Axel Pons,once a Moto2 World Championship competitor,made a big lifestyle change several years ago when he decided to travel the world barefoot.He's the son of Sito Pons,who has been a MotoGP winner twice.At the start of his motorcycle-racing career,there were high expectations and a lot of pressure on him.In the Moto2 World Championship,he had some good results,with a 16th-place finish in 2016 being his best.But then he took a break from racing and tried fashion modeling.In 2019,he said he wanted to slow down and leave his past behind.But no one expected the kind of change that was coming.展开更多
Backgound:Barefoot(BF) running has recently increased in popularity with claims that it is more natural and may result in fewer injuries due to a reduction in impact loading.However,novice BF runners do not necessaril...Backgound:Barefoot(BF) running has recently increased in popularity with claims that it is more natural and may result in fewer injuries due to a reduction in impact loading.However,novice BF runners do not necessarily immediately switch to a forefoot strike pattern.This may increase mechanical parameters such as loading rate,which has heen associated with certain running-related injuries,specifically,tibial stress fractures.patellofemoral pain,and plantar iasciitis.The purpose of this study was to examine changes in loading parameters between typical shod running and instructed BF running with real-time force feedback.Methods:Forty-nine patients seeking treatment for a lower extremity injury ran on a force-sensing treadmill in their typical shod condition and then BF at the same speed.While BF they received verbal instruction and real-time feedback of vertical ground reaction forces.Results:While 92%of subjects(n = 45) demonstrated a rearfoot strike pattern when shod,only 2%(n = 1) did during the instructed BF run.Additionally,while BF 47%(n = 23) eliminated the vertical impact transient in all eight steps analyzed.All loading variables of interest were significantly reduced from the shod to instructed BF condition.These included maximum instantaneous and average vertical loading rates of the ground reaction force(p 【 0.0001),stiffness during initial loading(p 【 0.0001).and peak medial(p = 0.001) and lateral(p 【 0.0001) ground reaction forces and impulses in the vertical(p 【 0.0001).medial(p = 0.047),and lateral(p 【 0.0001) directions.Conclusion:As impact loading has been associated with certain running-related injuries,instruction and feedback on the proper forefoot strike pattern may help reduce the injury risk associated with transitioning to BF running.展开更多
Background:Running is becoming an increasingly popular activity among Americans with over 50 million participants.Running shoe research and technology has continued to advance with no decrease in overall running injur...Background:Running is becoming an increasingly popular activity among Americans with over 50 million participants.Running shoe research and technology has continued to advance with no decrease in overall running injury rates.A growing group of runners are making the choice to try the minimal or barefoot running styles of the pre-modem running shoe era.There is some evidence of decreased forces and torques on the lower extremities with barefoot running,but no clear data regarding how this corresponds with injuries.The purpose of this survey study was to examine factors related to performance and injury in runners who have tried barefoot running.Methods:The University of Virginia Cenlcr for Endurance Spor! created a 10-question survey regarding barefoot running thai wa.s po.sted on a variety of running blogs and Facebook pages.Percentages were calculated for each question across all surveys.Five hundred and nine participants responded with over 93%of them incorporating some type of barefoot running into their weekly mileage.Results:A majority of the participants(53%) viewed barefoot running as a training tool to improve specific aspects of their running.However,close to half(46%) viewed barefoot training as a viable alternative to shoes for logging their miles.A large portion of runners initially tried barefoot running due to the promise of improved efficiency(60%).an attempt to get past injury(53%) and/or the recent media hype around the practice(52%).A large majority(68%) of runners participating in the study experienced no new injuries after starting barefoot running.In fact,most respondents(69%) actually had their previous injuries go away after starting barefoot running.Runners responded that their previous knee(46%),foot(19%),ankle(17%),hip(14%),and low back(14%) injuries all proceeded to improve after starting barefoot running.Conclusion:Prior studies have found that barefoot running often changes biomechanics compared to shod running with a hypothesized relationship of decreased injuries.This paper reports the result of a survey of 509 runners.The results suggest that a large percentage of this sample of runners experienced benefits or no serious harm from transitioning to barefoot or minimal shoe running.展开更多
Background:Previous studies of foot strike patterns of distance runners in road races have typically found that the overwhelming majority of shod runners initially contact the ground on the rearfoot.However,none of th...Background:Previous studies of foot strike patterns of distance runners in road races have typically found that the overwhelming majority of shod runners initially contact the ground on the rearfoot.However,none of these studies has attempted to quantify foot strike patterns of barefoot or minimally shod runners.This study classifies foot strike patterns of barefoot and minimally shod runners in a recreational road race.Methods:High-speed video footage was obtained of 169 barefoot and 42 minimally shod distance runners at the 2011 New York City Barefoot Run.Foot strike patterns were classified for each runner,and frequencies of forefoot,midfoot,and rearfoot striking were compared between the barefoot and minimally shod groups.Results:A total of 59.2%of barefoot runners were forefoot strikers,20.1%were midfoot strikers,and 20.7%were rearfoot strikers.For minimally shod runners,33.3%were forefoot strikers,19.1%were midfoot strikers,and 47.6%were rearfoot strikers.Foot strike distributions for barefoot and minimally shod runners were significantly different both from one another and from previously reported foot strike distributions of shod road racers.Conclusion:Foot strike patterns differ between barefoot and minimally shod runners,with forefoot striking being more common,and rearfoot striking less common in the barefoot group.展开更多
Barefoot running is increasing in popularity within the running community, yet the biomechanical differences compared to traditional shod running are not well understood. This study investigates the changes in spinal ...Barefoot running is increasing in popularity within the running community, yet the biomechanical differences compared to traditional shod running are not well understood. This study investigates the changes in spinal dynamics during the gait cycle of runners wearing traditional running shoes (shod) compared to those wearing no shoes (barefoot). Pedal force distribution, kyphotic angle, lordotic angle, and trunk inclination were measured during shod and barefoot gait at three different speeds on a treadmill. Subjects were examined using the DIERS Formetric 4D system and DIERS Pedoscan system. While running barefoot, pedal force distribution analysis showed that 21.0% more force load goes through the forefoot vs. a 10.2% increase in forefoot force with shod (p = 0.0006). At 8.0 km·h-1 the average kyphotic angle was 1.6 degrees greater under barefoot conditions vs. shod conditions (p = 0.008). At 8.0 km·h-1 the average lordotic angle was 0.8 degrees greater under barefoot conditions vs. shod conditions (p = 0.05). Trunk inclination was 0.6 degrees and 0.8 degrees greater under barefoot conditions compared to shod conditions at natural speeds (p = 0.005) and 8.0 km·h-1 (p = 0.015), respectively. Barefoot runners show an increased force load in the forefoot, eliciting a forefoot strike pattern while running barefoot compared to shod running, and it was also found that barefoot runners have reduced trunk inclination. These dynamic changes allow for a more spring-like effect for barefoot runners creating a less transient and slower rise in force. In contrast, a heel strike pattern yields a rapid and high impact collision between heel and ground. As a result, barefoot running translates into less stress on the joints of the lower extremity and back and therefore less risk of injury.展开更多
Barefoot slips contribute to over 37% of recurrent fall-related injuries across all age groups.To study slip risk across a wide range of flooring conditions,slip meters with barefoot surrogates(i.e.,sensors,as per AST...Barefoot slips contribute to over 37% of recurrent fall-related injuries across all age groups.To study slip risk across a wide range of flooring conditions,slip meters with barefoot surrogates(i.e.,sensors,as per ASTM standard nomenclature)such as animal skins and rubbers have been used to date,which exhibit biomechanical and frictional properties widely different from the barefoot human skin.Development of a surrogate which can accurately simulate the human heel skin properties would be immensely beneficial for realistic assessment of barefoot slipping risk.A novel surrogate was developed using 3D scanning and printing,and biomimetics,which precisely simulates the biomechanical and frictional properties of the barefoot human heel skin.Mechanical slip testing was conducted with this surrogate on three common bathroom floorings and with six different contaminants.Coefficient of Friction(COF)results similar to human slipping experiments,high repeatability and reproducibility across wet and oily flooring conditions,were confirmed through experiments with the developed heel skin surrogate.The heel skin surrogate would be an indispensable model for accurate estimation of barefoot risk against slips and falls in bathrooms,bathtubs,and swimming pools.展开更多
Background:Numerous studies about the interaction between footwear(and barefoot) and kinematic and kinetic outcomes have been published over the last few years.Recent studies however lead to the conclusion that the as...Background:Numerous studies about the interaction between footwear(and barefoot) and kinematic and kinetic outcomes have been published over the last few years.Recent studies however lead to the conclusion that the assumed interactions depend mainly on the subjects" experience of barefoot(BF) walking/running,the preferred running strike pattern,the speed,the hardness of the surface,the thickness of the midsole material,and the runners’ level of ability.The aim of the present study was to investigate lower leg kinematics o\’ BF running and running in minimal running shoes(MRS) to assess comparability of BF kinematics in both conditions.To systematically compare both conditions we monitored the influencing variables described above in our measurement setup.We hypothesized that running in MRS does not alter lower leg kinematics compared to BF running.Methods:Thirty-seven subjects,injury-free and active in sports,ran BF on an EVA foam runway,and also ran shod wearing Nike Free 3.0 on a tartan indoor track.Lower-leg 3D kinematics was measured to quantify rearfoot and ankle movements.Skin markers were used in both shod and BF running.Results:All runners revealed rearfoot strike pattern when running barefoot.Differences between BF and MRS running occurred particularly during the initial stance phase of running,both in the sagittal and the frontal planes.BF running revealed a flatter foot placement,a more plantar flexed ankle joint and less inverted rearfoot at touchdown compared to MRS running.Conclusion:BF running does not change the landing automatically to forefoot running,especially after a systematic exclusion of surface and other influencing factors.The Nike Free 3.0 mimics some BF features.Nevertheless,changes in design of the Nike Free should be considered in order to mimic BF movement even more closely.展开更多
Purpose:This study evaluated the angular kinematic and moment of the ankle and foot during shod walking and barefoot walking in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability(CAI).Methods:Recreational soccer pl...Purpose:This study evaluated the angular kinematic and moment of the ankle and foot during shod walking and barefoot walking in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability(CAI).Methods:Recreational soccer players with unilateral CAI were recruited for this cross sectional study conducted between January and August 2019.A total of 40 participants were screened for eligibility but only 31 met the inclusion criteria based on the methods of Delahunt et al and Gribble et al.Except for 3 participants not attending the evaluation session,28 participants were finally included.A three dimensional motion analysis system made up of ProReflex motion capture unit and an AMTIb Kistler force plate,embedded in the middle of nine meter walkway,were used to assess the ankle and foot angles and moment during shod walking and barefoot walking conditions.A Statistical Package for Social Sciences(version 20.0)was used to analyze data.Results:During shod walking,the ankle joint plantar-flexion range of motion(ROM)at 10%of the gait cycle(GC)and dorsiflexion ROM at 30%of the GC were significantly higher than those during barefoot walking for both feet(p=0.001,0.001,0.027,and 0.036 respectively).The inversion ROM during shod walking was significantly higher than that during barefoot walking for both feet at 10%and 30%of the GC(p=0.001.0.001,0.001,and 0.042 respectively).At 10%of the GC,the eversion moment was significantly higher between barefoot and shod walking for both feet(both p=0.001).At 30%of the GC,there was no significant difference between shod and barefoot walking plantar-flexion moment of both feet(p=0.975 and 0.763 respectively),and the eversion moment of both feet(p=0.116 and 0.101 respectively).Conclusion:At the early stance,shod walking increases the ankle plantar-flexion and foot inversion ROM,and decreases the eversion moment for both feet in subjects with unilateral CAI.Therefore,the foot wearing condition should be considered during evaluation of ankle and foot kinematics and kinetics.展开更多
This paper examines the widely acclaimed Barefoot Doctor campaign in China. The Barefoot Doctor campaign has come to symbolise the success of Chinese health care to the extent that it has become a model for WHO public...This paper examines the widely acclaimed Barefoot Doctor campaign in China. The Barefoot Doctor campaign has come to symbolise the success of Chinese health care to the extent that it has become a model for WHO public health strategy. Yet little has been done to understand how or whether it worked on the ground and what difficulties and contradictions emerged in its implementation. Using previously unexplored party archives as well as newly collected oral interviews, this paper moves away from a narrow focus on party politics and policy formulation by examining the reality of health care at the local level and the challenges faced by local authorities and individuals as the campaigns evolved.展开更多
文摘Axel Pons,once a Moto2 World Championship competitor,made a big lifestyle change several years ago when he decided to travel the world barefoot.He's the son of Sito Pons,who has been a MotoGP winner twice.At the start of his motorcycle-racing career,there were high expectations and a lot of pressure on him.In the Moto2 World Championship,he had some good results,with a 16th-place finish in 2016 being his best.But then he took a break from racing and tried fashion modeling.In 2019,he said he wanted to slow down and leave his past behind.But no one expected the kind of change that was coming.
文摘Backgound:Barefoot(BF) running has recently increased in popularity with claims that it is more natural and may result in fewer injuries due to a reduction in impact loading.However,novice BF runners do not necessarily immediately switch to a forefoot strike pattern.This may increase mechanical parameters such as loading rate,which has heen associated with certain running-related injuries,specifically,tibial stress fractures.patellofemoral pain,and plantar iasciitis.The purpose of this study was to examine changes in loading parameters between typical shod running and instructed BF running with real-time force feedback.Methods:Forty-nine patients seeking treatment for a lower extremity injury ran on a force-sensing treadmill in their typical shod condition and then BF at the same speed.While BF they received verbal instruction and real-time feedback of vertical ground reaction forces.Results:While 92%of subjects(n = 45) demonstrated a rearfoot strike pattern when shod,only 2%(n = 1) did during the instructed BF run.Additionally,while BF 47%(n = 23) eliminated the vertical impact transient in all eight steps analyzed.All loading variables of interest were significantly reduced from the shod to instructed BF condition.These included maximum instantaneous and average vertical loading rates of the ground reaction force(p 【 0.0001),stiffness during initial loading(p 【 0.0001).and peak medial(p = 0.001) and lateral(p 【 0.0001) ground reaction forces and impulses in the vertical(p 【 0.0001).medial(p = 0.047),and lateral(p 【 0.0001) directions.Conclusion:As impact loading has been associated with certain running-related injuries,instruction and feedback on the proper forefoot strike pattern may help reduce the injury risk associated with transitioning to BF running.
文摘Background:Running is becoming an increasingly popular activity among Americans with over 50 million participants.Running shoe research and technology has continued to advance with no decrease in overall running injury rates.A growing group of runners are making the choice to try the minimal or barefoot running styles of the pre-modem running shoe era.There is some evidence of decreased forces and torques on the lower extremities with barefoot running,but no clear data regarding how this corresponds with injuries.The purpose of this survey study was to examine factors related to performance and injury in runners who have tried barefoot running.Methods:The University of Virginia Cenlcr for Endurance Spor! created a 10-question survey regarding barefoot running thai wa.s po.sted on a variety of running blogs and Facebook pages.Percentages were calculated for each question across all surveys.Five hundred and nine participants responded with over 93%of them incorporating some type of barefoot running into their weekly mileage.Results:A majority of the participants(53%) viewed barefoot running as a training tool to improve specific aspects of their running.However,close to half(46%) viewed barefoot training as a viable alternative to shoes for logging their miles.A large portion of runners initially tried barefoot running due to the promise of improved efficiency(60%).an attempt to get past injury(53%) and/or the recent media hype around the practice(52%).A large majority(68%) of runners participating in the study experienced no new injuries after starting barefoot running.In fact,most respondents(69%) actually had their previous injuries go away after starting barefoot running.Runners responded that their previous knee(46%),foot(19%),ankle(17%),hip(14%),and low back(14%) injuries all proceeded to improve after starting barefoot running.Conclusion:Prior studies have found that barefoot running often changes biomechanics compared to shod running with a hypothesized relationship of decreased injuries.This paper reports the result of a survey of 509 runners.The results suggest that a large percentage of this sample of runners experienced benefits or no serious harm from transitioning to barefoot or minimal shoe running.
文摘Background:Previous studies of foot strike patterns of distance runners in road races have typically found that the overwhelming majority of shod runners initially contact the ground on the rearfoot.However,none of these studies has attempted to quantify foot strike patterns of barefoot or minimally shod runners.This study classifies foot strike patterns of barefoot and minimally shod runners in a recreational road race.Methods:High-speed video footage was obtained of 169 barefoot and 42 minimally shod distance runners at the 2011 New York City Barefoot Run.Foot strike patterns were classified for each runner,and frequencies of forefoot,midfoot,and rearfoot striking were compared between the barefoot and minimally shod groups.Results:A total of 59.2%of barefoot runners were forefoot strikers,20.1%were midfoot strikers,and 20.7%were rearfoot strikers.For minimally shod runners,33.3%were forefoot strikers,19.1%were midfoot strikers,and 47.6%were rearfoot strikers.Foot strike distributions for barefoot and minimally shod runners were significantly different both from one another and from previously reported foot strike distributions of shod road racers.Conclusion:Foot strike patterns differ between barefoot and minimally shod runners,with forefoot striking being more common,and rearfoot striking less common in the barefoot group.
文摘Barefoot running is increasing in popularity within the running community, yet the biomechanical differences compared to traditional shod running are not well understood. This study investigates the changes in spinal dynamics during the gait cycle of runners wearing traditional running shoes (shod) compared to those wearing no shoes (barefoot). Pedal force distribution, kyphotic angle, lordotic angle, and trunk inclination were measured during shod and barefoot gait at three different speeds on a treadmill. Subjects were examined using the DIERS Formetric 4D system and DIERS Pedoscan system. While running barefoot, pedal force distribution analysis showed that 21.0% more force load goes through the forefoot vs. a 10.2% increase in forefoot force with shod (p = 0.0006). At 8.0 km·h-1 the average kyphotic angle was 1.6 degrees greater under barefoot conditions vs. shod conditions (p = 0.008). At 8.0 km·h-1 the average lordotic angle was 0.8 degrees greater under barefoot conditions vs. shod conditions (p = 0.05). Trunk inclination was 0.6 degrees and 0.8 degrees greater under barefoot conditions compared to shod conditions at natural speeds (p = 0.005) and 8.0 km·h-1 (p = 0.015), respectively. Barefoot runners show an increased force load in the forefoot, eliciting a forefoot strike pattern while running barefoot compared to shod running, and it was also found that barefoot runners have reduced trunk inclination. These dynamic changes allow for a more spring-like effect for barefoot runners creating a less transient and slower rise in force. In contrast, a heel strike pattern yields a rapid and high impact collision between heel and ground. As a result, barefoot running translates into less stress on the joints of the lower extremity and back and therefore less risk of injury.
文摘Barefoot slips contribute to over 37% of recurrent fall-related injuries across all age groups.To study slip risk across a wide range of flooring conditions,slip meters with barefoot surrogates(i.e.,sensors,as per ASTM standard nomenclature)such as animal skins and rubbers have been used to date,which exhibit biomechanical and frictional properties widely different from the barefoot human skin.Development of a surrogate which can accurately simulate the human heel skin properties would be immensely beneficial for realistic assessment of barefoot slipping risk.A novel surrogate was developed using 3D scanning and printing,and biomimetics,which precisely simulates the biomechanical and frictional properties of the barefoot human heel skin.Mechanical slip testing was conducted with this surrogate on three common bathroom floorings and with six different contaminants.Coefficient of Friction(COF)results similar to human slipping experiments,high repeatability and reproducibility across wet and oily flooring conditions,were confirmed through experiments with the developed heel skin surrogate.The heel skin surrogate would be an indispensable model for accurate estimation of barefoot risk against slips and falls in bathrooms,bathtubs,and swimming pools.
文摘Background:Numerous studies about the interaction between footwear(and barefoot) and kinematic and kinetic outcomes have been published over the last few years.Recent studies however lead to the conclusion that the assumed interactions depend mainly on the subjects" experience of barefoot(BF) walking/running,the preferred running strike pattern,the speed,the hardness of the surface,the thickness of the midsole material,and the runners’ level of ability.The aim of the present study was to investigate lower leg kinematics o\’ BF running and running in minimal running shoes(MRS) to assess comparability of BF kinematics in both conditions.To systematically compare both conditions we monitored the influencing variables described above in our measurement setup.We hypothesized that running in MRS does not alter lower leg kinematics compared to BF running.Methods:Thirty-seven subjects,injury-free and active in sports,ran BF on an EVA foam runway,and also ran shod wearing Nike Free 3.0 on a tartan indoor track.Lower-leg 3D kinematics was measured to quantify rearfoot and ankle movements.Skin markers were used in both shod and BF running.Results:All runners revealed rearfoot strike pattern when running barefoot.Differences between BF and MRS running occurred particularly during the initial stance phase of running,both in the sagittal and the frontal planes.BF running revealed a flatter foot placement,a more plantar flexed ankle joint and less inverted rearfoot at touchdown compared to MRS running.Conclusion:BF running does not change the landing automatically to forefoot running,especially after a systematic exclusion of surface and other influencing factors.The Nike Free 3.0 mimics some BF features.Nevertheless,changes in design of the Nike Free should be considered in order to mimic BF movement even more closely.
文摘Purpose:This study evaluated the angular kinematic and moment of the ankle and foot during shod walking and barefoot walking in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability(CAI).Methods:Recreational soccer players with unilateral CAI were recruited for this cross sectional study conducted between January and August 2019.A total of 40 participants were screened for eligibility but only 31 met the inclusion criteria based on the methods of Delahunt et al and Gribble et al.Except for 3 participants not attending the evaluation session,28 participants were finally included.A three dimensional motion analysis system made up of ProReflex motion capture unit and an AMTIb Kistler force plate,embedded in the middle of nine meter walkway,were used to assess the ankle and foot angles and moment during shod walking and barefoot walking conditions.A Statistical Package for Social Sciences(version 20.0)was used to analyze data.Results:During shod walking,the ankle joint plantar-flexion range of motion(ROM)at 10%of the gait cycle(GC)and dorsiflexion ROM at 30%of the GC were significantly higher than those during barefoot walking for both feet(p=0.001,0.001,0.027,and 0.036 respectively).The inversion ROM during shod walking was significantly higher than that during barefoot walking for both feet at 10%and 30%of the GC(p=0.001.0.001,0.001,and 0.042 respectively).At 10%of the GC,the eversion moment was significantly higher between barefoot and shod walking for both feet(both p=0.001).At 30%of the GC,there was no significant difference between shod and barefoot walking plantar-flexion moment of both feet(p=0.975 and 0.763 respectively),and the eversion moment of both feet(p=0.116 and 0.101 respectively).Conclusion:At the early stance,shod walking increases the ankle plantar-flexion and foot inversion ROM,and decreases the eversion moment for both feet in subjects with unilateral CAI.Therefore,the foot wearing condition should be considered during evaluation of ankle and foot kinematics and kinetics.
文摘This paper examines the widely acclaimed Barefoot Doctor campaign in China. The Barefoot Doctor campaign has come to symbolise the success of Chinese health care to the extent that it has become a model for WHO public health strategy. Yet little has been done to understand how or whether it worked on the ground and what difficulties and contradictions emerged in its implementation. Using previously unexplored party archives as well as newly collected oral interviews, this paper moves away from a narrow focus on party politics and policy formulation by examining the reality of health care at the local level and the challenges faced by local authorities and individuals as the campaigns evolved.
